Earth’s structure and materials2
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The document defines key terms related to the structure and layers of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core. It explains that the crust is divided into continental crust, composed mainly of granite, and oceanic crust, composed of basalt. It also summarizes that heat from the core is transferred by convection into the mantle, driving convection currents in the mantle and core that have caused tectonic plate movement and generated the Earth's magnetic field for over 4 billion years.
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Earth’s structure and materials2
- 2. The layer of solid rock that makes up the Earth’s outer layer including the continents and the ocean floor.
- 3. A dark, fine-grained extrusive volcanic rock that makes up the oceanic crust.
- 4. A light colored, coarse -grained volcanic rock that makes up a large part of the continental crust.
- 5. The layer of rock found below the crust that is separated into the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mesosphere.
- 6. The uppermost part of the mantle composed of brittle rock and the crust of the Earth.
- 7. The less rigid part of the mantle directly underneath the lithosphere.
- 8. The lowest part of the mantle that is made up of semi-liquid rocks.
- 9. Outer layer of the core made up of dense, liquid metal.
- 10. Center layer of the core made up of solid metal.
- 11. The crust that forms the continents which is made up of many different types of rocks but mostly granite.
- 12. The crust that lies beneath the oceans which is made up of basalt.
- 13. Heat from the core is transferred by convection into the mantle. The heat causes convection currents in the mantle and core. Convection currents have been moving inside Earth for more than 4 billion years. Convection currents in the mantle cause the tectonic plates to move. Convection currents in the core cause the Earth’s magnetic field.