EAT 443 Built Environment
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1. The document provides information about a course on built environment at the University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). It includes the course code, title, and contact details of the instructor. 2. The course covers topics like building engineering, sustainable design approaches, passive design strategies to reduce energy usage, strategies for efficient air conditioning and daylighting, various construction phases of buildings, and testing & commissioning. 3. Strategies discussed for passive design include building orientation, insulation, natural ventilation, shading and using local climate considerations in design. The course emphasizes encouraging renewable energy and minimizing non-renewable sources.
EAT 443 Built Environment
- 1. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT Degree In Environmental Engineering Prepared By: Ir. Muhammad Arkam Bin Che Munaaim, PEng, IntPE MSc. B Tech (Energy) (USM), B. Elec. Eng. (Hons) (UTM), Dip. Elec. Eng (Power) (UTM). MIEM, MIET, MIEEE, ASEAN Eng, APEC Eng, EMF IntPE, Chartered Eng (ASEAN), SPAN QP. School of Environmental Engineering University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Tel: 04 979 8988 Email: arkam@unimap.edu.my arkam@engineer.com
- 2. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Al Quran, Al Baqarah, 2: “And when Abraham and Ishmael were raising the foundations of the House, (Abraham prayed): Our Lord! Accept from us (this duty). Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Hearer, the Knower. (127)”
- 3. EAT 151 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING ENGINEERING UniMAP BUILDING ENGINEERING
- 8. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Building? Building is an assembly of construction materials that are fastened to one another, as well as the ground itself, in such a way as to provide shelter for living things, machinery, possessions or other elements. (The Structural Engineering’s Professional Training Manual) Building is a fixed structure for human occupancy and use. (Dictionary of Engineering, McGraw Hill)
- 9. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Engineering? Engineering is the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building and use of engines, machines and structures (Oxford Compact English ) Engineering is creative design and analysis that uses energy, materials, motion, and information to serve human needs in innovative ways (An Introduction to Engineering and Design – 2nd Edition – Philip Kosky , George Wise, Robert Balmer, William Keat)
- 10. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Engineering? (Cont…) Engineering is defined as the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind by the Accreditation Board for Engineering Technology (ABET). Engineering encompasses science and art, mathematics and creativity, models and approximations. (John Hopkins University)
- 11. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Building Engineering? Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building. It essentially brings buildings and structures to life.
- 12. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Building Engineering? Building engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and maintaining of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings.
- 13. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Modern buildings are built to create better, consistent, and productive environments in which to work and to live.
- 14. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILT ENVIRONMENT?
- 16. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP • The term built environment refers to the human- made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter and buildings to neighbourhoods and cities that can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks. The built environment is a material, spatial and cultural product of human labour that combines physical elements and energy in forms for living, working and playing.
- 17. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP • In practice, the term is typically used to describe the interdisciplinary field which addresses the design, construction, management and use of these man-made surroundings as an interrelated whole as well as their relationship to human activities over time (rather than a particular element in isolation or at a single moment in time).
- 18. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP
- 19. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP
- 20. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP
- 21. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Buildings must be designed with features to provide: Better lighting Comfortable space temperature, Comfortable humidity and air quality Convenient power and communication capability High quality sanitation; and Reliable systems for the protection of life and property.
- 22. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What does a modern building need to do? Control rain and ground water Control heat flow, airflow and water vapor flow Control light and solar radiation Control noise and vibration Control contaminants, environmental hazards, odors, etc. Control fire Provide strength and rigidity Be durable Be aesthetically pleasing Be economical
- 23. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Happens When Building Failed?: We waste energy We waste materials People are uncomfortable Condition are unsafe Conditions are unhealthy Components or systems fails
- 24. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Strategies To Keep Indoor Condition Cool Dehumidification Cooling Natural Ventilation Shading Strategies to reduce thermal stress caused by hot & humid climate. In ASEAN, building consumes 1/3 of all electricity produced. Alarming because Malaysia is among fastest developing countries in the world. (A Zain Ahmed, 2008)
- 25. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Malaysia’s Typical Climate: Small variation in monthly temperatures (less than 8°C) Hottest month (36°C), Coolest (25.9°C) Relative Humidity (55-70%) Wind speed are quite low mean value 1.2m/s Rainfall exceeds 200mm/month for 8 month of the year (A Zain Ahmed, 2008)
- 26. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP 1-Encourage design of new and existing building: Constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that reduces the use of energy. 2-Provide minimum criteria and standard for energy efficiency 3-Provide guidance for EE that demonstrate good professional judgment and minimum exceed minimum criteria 4-Encourage the application of RE in new and existing building and minimize non- renewable energy sources.
- 27. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Objective Statement: “To encourage the application of renewable energy in new and existing buildings to minimize non renewable energy sources, pollution and energy consumption whist maintaining comfort, health and safety of the occupants”
- 28. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Sustainable Design Approach: A combined architectural, engineering, site planning and landscaping (multidisciplinary) approach to design and energy conscious building should optimize the energy efficiency of a building especially in employing combined passive and active devices.
- 29. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS-MALAYSIA What Can We Do? MS 1525:2007: 4.2 Passive design strategy The design and construction of a building which takes optimal advantage of its environment need not impose any significant extra cost as compared to a more highly serviced building. All buildings have a primary function to provide an internal environment suitable for the purpose of the building. The architectural consideration in designing a building is influenced by its responsiveness to the immediate environment. The important factors that should be considered include the following:
- 30. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? Passive Design Factors Affecting Energy Use In Buildings The building layout, planning, design, shape, fabric and construction cover a wide number of variables that affect building energy requirements. 1) Size and Shape 2) Building Orientation 3) Planning & Layout 4) Thermo Physical Properties 5) Window System 6) Construction Details
- 31. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? MS 1525:2007: 4.2 Passive design strategy: a) Building orientation; b) Building configuration (geometry and layout); c) Effective room depth; d) Floor to ceiling height; e) Location of cores; f) Building façade; g) Internal layout; h) Fenestrations; i) Building materials; j) Roof design and colour; and k) Landscaping and shading.
- 49. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? DAYLIGHTING
- 51. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? How to daylight: Daylighting is a systems approach. The Considerations: Orientation and footprint , Climate, region and general availability of natural light , How Buildings Use Energy, Urban vs. suburban , Floor to floor/floor to ceiling heights , Window to wall ratios , Placement of glazing , Toplighting, sidelighting or both , Glazing performance (visible light transmittance, etc.) , Exterior shading and solar control , Interior shading and solar control , Integration with electric lighting systems (lighting power densities, controls and electric lighting design) , Reduced cooling loads (note: discuss cool daylighting) , Interior design (color, reflectance, furniture selection) , Floor plan (how far will daylight penetrate?)
- 52. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? The Basics: Toplighting and Sidelighting Toplighting brings daylight into the building from above through clerestories, skylights, tubular skylights, sawtooth designs, etc. Daylight that enters the building above 10 feet, even if it's through a vertical opening, is referred to as toplighting. Sidelighting brings daylight into the building from the side through windows, curtainwalls, etc.
- 53. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do?
- 54. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? How to daylight: General Daylighting Principles: 1) Avoid direct sunlight on critical task and excessive brightness. 2) Bring the daylight at high location 3) Filter the daylight 4) Bounce daylight off of surrounding surfaces 5) Integrated daylight with other building systems and strategies
- 55. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? How to daylight: Light Distribution Strategies: 1) Use sloped or curved ceiling planes 2) Optimize overhangs based on window height and latitude 3) Incorporate light shelves with windows where appropriate 4) Employ baffles, louvers and reflectors as appropriate. 5) Integrate daylighting with luminious ceiling systems
- 56. EAT 446 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY Degree In Environmental Engineering UniMAP ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS-MALAYSIA What Can We Do? Daylight: Do and Don’t: Don't do daylighting without controls to manage the electric lighting levels. Do understand basic lighting design elements before starts. Do understand that daylighting is a systems approach. Don't underestimate yourself or your team. Do get some basic software and training to help give you basic daylighting design rules and strategies. Don't believe there is only one way to daylight a building.
- 57. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies A Survey Of Energy Efficient Strategies For Effective Air Conditioning (2003)
- 58. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Strategies To Keep Indoor Condition Cool Dehumidification Cooling Natural Ventilation Shading Strategies to reduce thermal stress caused by hot & humid climate. In ASEAN, building consumes 1/3 of all electricity produced. Alarming because Malaysia is among fastest developing countries in the world. (A Zain Ahmed, 2008)
- 59. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP What Can We Do? Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies Conserve air conditioning energy is to properly maintain the buildings such that the cooled air is not vented into the atmosphere. Develop, frequently update and enforce daily, weekly and monthly occupation schedules for each air conditioned space so that cooling is provided only when it is required Awareness campaign: People need to be educated about and made conscious of saving A/C related to energy. (Omar M Al-Rabghi, 2003)
- 60. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies Maintain The Air Conditioning As Recommended: 1. Follow manufacturer recommendations for maintenance, part replacement and operation. 2. Periodically visually inspect the system for leakage, noise, vibration and follow up normal operation and take corrective measures.
- 61. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies 3. Monitor the outputs from available measuring devices, compare them with manufacturers’ recommendations and take necessary corrective action. 5. Periodically replace filters, both fresh air filters and fan coil filters. 6. Draw up occupancy schedules and update these frequently. Run the A/C equipment in accordance with occupancy schedules in order to satisfy the occupants while at the same time saving energy.
- 62. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Air Conditioning: Efficiency Strategies Use The Correct Air Conditioning Type For Correct Purposes...! Then use it Correctly…!
- 70. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP We Can Save Energy and Money in Existing Buildings Retrofit to save energy Insulate and plug leaks Use energy efficient window Stop other heating or cooling loses Heat house more efficiently Heat water more efficiently Use energy efficient appliances for lighting, etc.
- 71. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Superintending Officer/Behalf Project Architect Civil & Structure Quantity Surveyor Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Engineer Main Contractor Subcontractors/Suppliers
- 72. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP
- 73. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP 01: Site Possession 06: M&E Services 02: Earthworks 07: Finishing Works 03: Sub Structures 08: Testing & Commissioning 04: Superstructures 09: Handover 05: Roof, Wall, Floors 10: Defect & Warranty
- 76. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP EARTHWORKS Construction Phase
- 77. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP SUBSTRUCTURES WORKS Construction Phase
- 78. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP SUPERSTRUCTURES WORKS Construction Phase
- 79. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP ROOFING WORKS Construction Phase
- 80. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP WALL WORKS Construction Phase
- 81. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase
- 82. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase
- 83. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase
- 84. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase
- 85. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase
- 86. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP BUILDING SERVICES Construction Phase
- 87. EAT 151 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING ENGINEERING UniMAP BUILDING ENGINEERING Construction Phase FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase
- 88. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase
- 89. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase
- 90. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase
- 91. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP FINISHING WORKS Construction Phase
- 92. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP TESTING & COMMISSIONING Construction Phase
- 93. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP TESTING & COMMISSIONING Construction Phase
- 94. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP THIS IS ACTUAL TESTING & COMMISSIONING DISCHARGE! Construction Phase
- 95. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP TESTING & COMMISSIONING Construction Phase
- 96. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP PROJECT HANDOVER Construction Phase
- 98. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP
- 99. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP
- 101. EAT 443 BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniMAP Knowledge and education is important in preserving our environment. Young generation should be educated with this understanding in order to have environmental-awareness community. Awareness and encouragement from government and authorities is utmost and the only way to materialized this mission towards sustainable earth. Thank you.