![MATERIALS Physical Building Insulation Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity – k value Material k [W/(m·K)] Argon (gas) 0.016 Air 0.025 Water 0.58 Soil 1.5 Material k [W/(m·K)] Brickwork, common 0.6 -1.0 Concrete, lightweight 0.1 - 0.3 Concrete, medium 0.4 - 0.7 Concrete, dense 1.0 - 1.8 Plaster, gypsum 0.48 Gypsum or plaster board 0.17 Hardboard high density 0.15 Plywood 0.13 Fiberglass 0.04 Glass 1.05 Rubber 0.16 PVC 0.19 Wood 0.04 - 0.4 Sandstone 2.4 Stainless Steel 16 Carbon Steel 54 Aluminum 250 Material k [W/(m·K)] Felt insulation 0.04 Mineral wool insulation 0.04 Plastics, foamed insulation 0.03 Rock Wool insulation 0.045 Hollow Fill Fibre insulation 0.042 Corkboard 0.043 Cotton wool 0.029 Silica aero gel 0.02 Slag wool 0.042 Vermiculite 0.058 Hair felt 0.05 Polypropylene 0.1 - 0.22 Polystyrene, expanded 0.03 Polyurethane foam 0.03 Paper 0.05](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/greenbldgdesigncii-13154849692884-phpapp01-110908073607-phpapp01/85/Green-Bldg-Design-Cii-16-320.jpg)
Green Bldg Design Cii
- 1. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES CONSTRUCTION / RETROFITTING MANISH PATEL - B.Eng (Hons)/MSc/DIC CONCEPTS VADODARA
- 2. GREEN BUILDING A Practical Design Approach Green Building – Why Climate Change/Need based/Cause & Effect/Proactive vs Reactive
- 3. GREEN BUILDING A Practical Design Approach Green Building - What
- 4. LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design SUMMARY – Minimize Energy - Recycle - Reuse - Innovate Sustainable site management Controlling Soil Erosion/ Protect habitats / Brownfield development / Transport / Open space / Storm water design / Reduce Heat Islands (roof & parking) / Lighting (exterior & interior)/ Waste Water Efficiency Limit good (POTABLE) water for landscaping / recycle rain water / reuse GREY water Energy & Atmosphere Building Energy Systems (HVAC, hot water, alt. Energy) / CFC refrigerants / Reduce demand (building form orientation, internal loads-lighting) / Harvest free energy (daylight/ventilation/solar/wind) / Recovery of waste water / On-site renewables/ Green power from grid Materials & Resources Reduce waste by bldg occupants by recycling paper,plastic,glass,cardboard,aluminum cans, construction debris-salvage & recycle, reuse building materials, use local materials, reduce finite resources e.g. hard wood, retrofitting
- 5. LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design SUMMARY – Minimize Energy - Recycle - Reuse - Innovate Indoor Environment Quality Ventilation – active (mechanical), passive (natural), mixed cycle / smoking / CO2 / using heat recovery to minimize additional energy consumption (VPI) for mechanically ventilated spaces & Carbon Trust Good Practice guide 237 for natural ventilation / IAQ management plan / low emitting adhesives, sealants, paints & coatings, carpets, composite wood & agri-fibres / thermal comfort HVAC and lighting for total bldg / individual controls for windows, thermostats, lighting sensors / Maximize daylight by correct orientation, min 75% of regularly occupied floor space / Views – outdoor environ - min 90% of occupied spaces – design space to maximize daylighting and view opportunities by lower partition hts, interior shading devices, interior glazing and auto photocell based controls Innovation & Design Process Exceed existing LEED norms – special emphasis on total energy performance & Water efficiency
- 6. LEED Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design LEED Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation & Design Materials & Resources Energy & Atmosphere Points 14 5 17 13 15 5 Min Preq 1 2 3 1 2 0 26-32 Certified 33-38 Silver 39-51 Gold 52-69 Platinum 69
- 7. UNDERSTANDING DESIGN Concept of Building Envelope Role of the Architect Light, Heat, Ventilation, Space Planning Aesthetics, Landscaping & Innovation Role of the Structural Engineer Safety, Integrity & Efficiency Role of the Energy Auditor Evaluation, Implementation & Compliance Role of the Client Understanding & Support Factors influencing Design Scale & Proportion
- 8. THE BUILDING ENVELOPE Factors influencing Design Influencers Measures Passive Active Thermal Energy Water Indoor Environmental Quality HVAC Pumping Systems Motors Hybrid Systems Solar Radiation Insulation Leakage Water Harvesting Waste Treatment
- 9. PASSIVE MEASURES Thermal Mass - Solar Radiation (Heat Gain) First Law of Thermodynamics dU = dQ – dW Second Law of Thermodynamics dS = dH/T Change in Entropy = Change in Heat content/Av. Abs Temp (K) Entropy of the UNIVERSE is increasing !! Entropy is used to define as the unavailable energy in the system 100% energy cannot be transformed to work. Entropy can be produced but never destroyed. Change in Internal Energy = Heat Supplied – Work done by the system Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It changes from one state to another
- 10. PASSIVE MEASURES Factors influencing Design Hydro carbon Nuclear Hydro Power Wind Solar Bio Mass Main Power grid Losses Losses Non- Renewable Renewable Wastage of water
- 11. PASSIVE MEASURES Thermal Mass – Sun Path Solar altitude over a year - Latitude on Northern Hemisphere
- 12. PASSIVE MEASURES Building Orientation Aperture design
- 13. PASSIVE MEASURES CONCEPT : Man Maximum – Energy Minimum – HUMAN COMFORT
- 14. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Materials Outer skeleton/shell Interiors Services - HVAC & IAQ
- 15. MATERIALS Efficient Heat Transfer Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity It is defined as the quantity of heat, Δ Q , transmitted during time Δ t through a thickness x , in a direction normal to a surface of area A , per unit area of A, due to a temperature difference Δ T , under steady state conditions and when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient. Rearranging k insulators conductors
- 16. MATERIALS Physical Building Insulation Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity – k value Material k [W/(m·K)] Argon (gas) 0.016 Air 0.025 Water 0.58 Soil 1.5 Material k [W/(m·K)] Brickwork, common 0.6 -1.0 Concrete, lightweight 0.1 - 0.3 Concrete, medium 0.4 - 0.7 Concrete, dense 1.0 - 1.8 Plaster, gypsum 0.48 Gypsum or plaster board 0.17 Hardboard high density 0.15 Plywood 0.13 Fiberglass 0.04 Glass 1.05 Rubber 0.16 PVC 0.19 Wood 0.04 - 0.4 Sandstone 2.4 Stainless Steel 16 Carbon Steel 54 Aluminum 250 Material k [W/(m·K)] Felt insulation 0.04 Mineral wool insulation 0.04 Plastics, foamed insulation 0.03 Rock Wool insulation 0.045 Hollow Fill Fibre insulation 0.042 Corkboard 0.043 Cotton wool 0.029 Silica aero gel 0.02 Slag wool 0.042 Vermiculite 0.058 Hair felt 0.05 Polypropylene 0.1 - 0.22 Polystyrene, expanded 0.03 Polyurethane foam 0.03 Paper 0.05
- 17. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Outer Shell Cavity Wall Glass Roof Insulation
- 18. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Interiors Slab Insulation Wood v/s Aluminum Engineered boards Glass Lighting – LED Heat sink positioning
- 19. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Services Transportation HVAC Water Management
- 20. RETROFITTING OF OLD BUILDINGS Extend the LIFECYCLE of an existing building LEED emphasis Maintain 75% of surface area of existing structure Maintain 95% of existing walls/floors/roof Use 50% of existing interior non-structural elements (internal walls/doors/floor coverings/ceiling systems) Debris management – sort/salvage/recycle Reuse of building materials and dependency on finite resources e.g. hard woods Use local materials Multiple challenges – ACCESSBILITY & STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY Changes in use & Energy audit Improvement of services - water harvesting & renewables
- 21. INNOVATION & DESIGN Geothermal Hybrid Systems Energy efficient devices (e.g.body heat sensors) New material technology (e.g. aircrete blocks, reflective paints) Bio-energy
- 22. CASE STUDIES – NEW BUILDING Siemens - OHM BUSINESS PARK
- 23. CASE STUDIES – NEW BUILDING AVA Associates - USA - (Residential)
- 24. CASE STUDIES - RETROFITTING TCS - OHM BUSINESS PARK
- 25. CASE STUDIES – NEW BUILDING HP Labs - Bangalore - (Data Center) SMART (Dynamic) Cooling of Data Centers
- 26. NEW CONCEPTS (hp – Labs) 10,000 COWS 1 MW POWER
- 27. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES MANUFACTURING HVAC – VAR/Gas & CBG Turbines/Transformers/Pumps/Controls Efficient lighting-LED/Solar lamps Energy efficient glass Insulation – materials & hardboards Energy efficient bricks Heat sensing devices Reflective paints Geothermal energy SERVICES Energy audit Carbon Neutral Building Consulting (Water & Waste recycling) R&D
- 28. CONCLUDING REMARKS Wish list – Centre of Excellence (Non-profit/ Govt. support/CII support/Industry & professional support) Best minds – Better tangible results Thermometer Rising & Clock Ticking Do we have an alternative - PLAN B ?
- 29. THANK YOU sense + sense = common sense