Ebt proj

Editor's Notes

• #4:  genetically engineered organism  is an organism whose genetic material has been altered with the use of genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are usually known as recombinant DNA technology. It uses DNA molecules from different sources and combine them into one molecule to create a new set of genes. This DNA is then transferred into an organism, giving it the modified genes. 
• #8: Egfp: PROTEIN THAT FLUORESCES after exposure to daylight( U.V EXCITATION). Requires just 02 to fluorescence and can be fused with many other proteins and stil fluoresce, making it ideal for monitoring GEM CAREB1: ENCODES ENZYME WITH STRONG ABILITY TO DEGRADE VARIOUS TYPES OF PESTICEDES AND INSECTICIDES. Emits green fluorescence Broken down: Mineralized
• #12: American scientists have discovered a more efficient variant of the key enzyme involved in CO2 sequestration by plants during photosynthesis, the ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO).
• #14: Both unaltered poplars and the genetically engineered variants produce enzymes that break down trichloroethylene. The modified poplars just generate a lot more of a key enzyme, and thus work far more quickly — breaking down the dangerous molecule into harmless byproducts roughly 100 times faster than normal plants. Trichloroethylene is a heavily used industrial degreaser that's made its way into groundwater because of improper disposal.  TCE, the most common groundwater pollutant on Superfund sites, is a probable human carcinogen and causes various health problems when present in sufficiently high levels in water or air.
• #15: The transgenic poplars contain an inserted gene that encodes an enzyme capable of breaking down TCE and a variety of other environmental pollutants, including chloroform, benzene, vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride.  eated genetically engineered poplar trees in the laboratory that can remove as much as 91 percent of trichloroethylene — the most common groundwater contaminant at U.S. Superfund sites — from liquids. Unaltered plants removed 3 percent. genetically engineered poplars were better at removing chloroform, a hazardous byproduct of disinfecting water; carbon tetrachloride, a toxic solvent; and vinyl chloride, a carcinogenic substance used to make plastics. In addition, in air pollution experiments using 6-inch (15-centimeter) modified poplars in sealed containers, the plants were better at taking up gaseous trichloroethylene and benzene, a pollutant associated with petroleum. "It is the first time that transgenic plants have been shown to remove airborne pollutants, providing a new approach to someday reduce the large threat posed by air pollution," Doty said.
• #16: Poplars use an enzyme called cytochrome P450 to break down contaminants. Trichloroethylene is turned into a harmless salt, water and carbon dioxideAfter Dr Doty's team inserted the gene into the tree from a rabbit they also produced P450, but at a much faster rate Read more: http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Mutants-or-saviors-Rabbit-genes-create-trees-1252614.php#ixzz1l6ZnNXpy Read more: http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Mutants-or-saviors-Rabbit-genes-create-trees-1252614.php#ixzz1l6ZbZQta There are concerns that mutant plants could spread, entering the food supply and threatening human health Read more: http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Mutants-or-saviors-Rabbit-genes-create-trees-1252614.php#ixzz1l6YcYewr
• #17: Eutrophication is a process in which bodies of water will receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive growth of algae. The two most common nutrients that initiate eutrophication are N2 and P3, two limiting nutrients in the growth of algae. These two nutrients are usually introduced to the body of water via fertilizer run-off. (mostly cost by human activities) The uncontrolled growth of algae depletes O2 due to respiration. The algae will cover the surface of the water, reduce the amount of light that can enter into the photic zone, decreasing photosynthesis in aquatic autotrophs. The decreased level of dissolved oxygen can result in the death of any number of larger communities. Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_eutrophication#ixzz1l7P5WMt0
• #18: Farm animals, like humans, are healthiest when they eat certain foods.  Pigs can digest grass, corn, cereal grains, soy and other plants. Pigs are often fed with cereal grains as rich in protein can make the pig fatter Phosporus is a nutrient that will help the pig to grow however the pigs are not able to digest the Phytate phosphorous in cereal grain. Since it is not digestable, it is excreted out in the manure of pigs. Pigs’ manure that contains phosphorus is used as fertilisers. When there is rain, some of the manure can be washed to the rivers, promoting algal bloom leading to eutrophication.
• #20: The Enviropig was developed by the introduction of a transgene construct composed of the promoter segment of the murine parotid secretory protein gene and the E. coli phytase gene.[2] This construct was introduced into a fertilized embryo by pronuclear microinjection, and this embryo along with other embryos was surgically implanted into the reproductive tract of an estrous synchronized sow. After a 114 day gestation period, the sow farrowed and piglets born were checked for the presence of the transgene and for phytase enzyme activity in the saliva. Through breeding, this line of pigs is in the 7th generation, and the phytase trait is stably transmitted in a Mendelian fashion. An editorial entitled "Genetically engineered meat close to your table" was published with online video and audio explaining the digestive capability of the Enviropig.[3]
• #21: Because phosphorus is the major nutrient enabling algal growth that is the leading cause of fish kills resulting from anoxic conditions, and reduced water quality, the low phosphorus manure from Enviropigs has a reduced environmental impact in areas where soil phosphorus exceeds desirable levels. Therefore the enviropig biotechnology has two beneficial attributes, it reduces feed cost and reduces the potential of water pollution. Furthermore, the technology is simple, if you know how to raise pigs, you know how to raise Enviropigs! save farmers money, eliminate the need to supplement the pigs' diet with digestible phosphorus So, what happens to the phosphorus that no longer ends up in pig poop? It ends up in pig meat, of course—and if you eat that meat, it ends up in you. While phosphorous is a necessary nutrient, it is a poison when taken in excess. The classic condition caused by excess phosphorous is phossy jaw, the destruction of the jaw bone, which is a symptom of a deranged metabolism and systemic osteoporosis. So, all that excess phosphorous ends up in people instead of pig poop. Of course, excess phosphorus is only the predictable health risk. As always with genetic engineering, the full range of effects is unknown. GM foods have already been documented to cause harm in animals, including Health Risks So, what happens to the phosphorus that no longer ends up in pig poop? It ends up in pig meat, of course—and if you eat that meat, it ends up in you. While phosphorous is a necessary nutrient, it is a poison when taken in excess. The classic condition caused by excess phosphorous is phossy jaw, the destruction of the jaw bone, which is a symptom of a deranged metabolism and systemic osteoporosis. So, all that excess phosphorous ends up in people instead of pig poop. Of course, excess phosphorus is only the predictable health risk. As always with genetic engineering, the full range of effects is unknown. GM foods have already been documented to cause harm in animals, including Regulation of Enviropig If any safety testing has been done on Enviropig meat, we are not informed. If it has been done, it's been classified as confidential business information. The basis under which Health Canada approves GM products is not provided to the public. Therefore, we have absolutely no information on the effects of ingesting such meat—or even of the environmental effects. All we have is the hype.    The University of Guelph (UofG) already holds patents for Enviropig in the US and China. China is a massive pork user and supplier, and UofG is actively pursuing business relationships there to gain regulatory approval. Although the UofG applied for the FDA's approval of Enviropig in 2007, a search of the FDA site turns up virtually no information, other than references in a couple of talks. Is the FDA hiding Enviropig, hoping to slip it in behind genetically engineered salmon? In the meantime, HealthCanada has recently approved Enviropig for limited production. It is not yet in production for the food supply, but it appears to be merely a matter of time before it is. Mistakes Put Enviropig in Animal Feed Animal feed has been contaminated by Enviropig. In 2002, eleven piglets were sent to a rendering plant and became part of 675 tons of poultry feed, which ended up being fed to egg-laying chickens, turkeys, and broiler chickens. According to The Globe and Mail, the UofG's Vice President of Research effectively said, "Oops!" Things you don’t expect to happen can happen. This isn't the only occasion that GM pigs have contaminated the food supply. In 2004, GM pigs designed for Big Pharma by TGN Biotech became chicken feed by carelessness. 
• #23: 2) Hydrocarbons, Heavy Metal, Organotoxins. (which include pesticides such as DDT)
• #24: 1) As specific plants or micro-organism
• #26: 2. Usually thru enzymes at the roots
• #27: Cloned from Staphylococcus aureus
• #32: REMEMBER TO SAY ABOUT THE CONCERNS! THANKYOU ASHRAFFFF!!