Presentation - Bio-fuels Generation
25 likes15,559 views
This document discusses different types of biofuels including their generation processes. It explains that biofuels are fuels derived from living organisms and biomass. There are three generations of biofuels - first from edible plant materials, second from non-edible plant parts, and third from algae. Key biofuels discussed include biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol. Biodiesel is made through transesterification of vegetable oils. Biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion of biomass. Bioethanol is generated through fermentation of sugars from crops like corn. The document also outlines benefits and disadvantages of biofuel production.
Presentation - Bio-fuels Generation
- 2. Biomass Clean fuelsPhysiochemical or Fermentation processes Biofuels Biofuels are fuels made from recently living organisms.
- 3. Biomass is organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Understanding Biomass Biomass can be considered as a renewable energy source, and can be converted into either direct energy- carrier compounds by direct combustion, anaerobic digestion systems, destructive distillation, gasification, chemical hydrolysis and biochemical hydrolysis
- 4. Biofuel generation resources Some of the namely biofuel preparation resources Agriculture crops Vegetables oils Animal fats Sugars Algae Plants remains
- 5. They can be divided into three categories first - generation biofuels are made largely from edible sugars and starches. second - generation biofuels are made from no edible plant materials. third generation biofuels are made from algae and microbes. Classification
- 6. Understanding Biofuels Biodiesel •Mixture of methyl esters and fatty acids •Prepared from vegetable oils and animal fats Biogas Bioethanol •Produced from agricultural crops •Produced from biomass
- 7. Understanding Biofuels BioPetrol •Produced from carbon wastes, sewage sludge, agri-wastes, bagasse, pulp and paper residues, tannery sludge and other end-of-life products such as plastics, tires and the organics in municipal solid waste Biomethanol •Produced from biomass but is now chiefly made from natural gas
- 8. Understanding Biofuels Biobutanol •Produced from biomass
- 9. Bioethanol Generation Ethanol is another name for ethyl alcohol, or “grain alcohol” (CH3CH2OH). Ethanol can be made from 1. Cellulose (recent developments) 2. Sugarcane 3. Potato 4. Corn
- 11. A successful trial has been conducted to run the Shatabdi Express running between Delhi and Chandigarh by mixing 20% Jatropha oil with diesel. Biodiesel Biodiesel is an ecofriendly clean alternative biodegradable, low cost, renewable, nontoxic fuel produced from the plant Jatropha curcas. It contains more oxygen, no petroleum, essentially free of sulphur & aromatics, cleaner burn at higher temperature and will reduce green house gas emission. It can be used directly or blended with petroleum diesel to run the machinery.
- 12. Resources for Biodiesel Virgin oil feedstock; rapeseed and soybean oils are most commonly used, soybean oil alone accounting for about ninety percent of all fuel stocks; It also can be obtained from field pennycress and Jatropha other crops such as mustard, flax, sunflower, canola, palm oil, hemp, and even algae show promise Waste vegetable oil (WVO); Animal fats including tallow, lard, yellow grease, chicken fat, and the by-products of the production of Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.
- 13. Biodiesel Generation Biodiesel is made by chemically altering an organic oil (typically vegetable oil) through a process called "transesterification". Essentially, the process thins down the oil to allow it to run in an unmodified diesel engine.
- 16. Biogas
- 19. Biopetrol Involves liquefying carbon-rich solid fuels Converting Sewage sludge into synthetic oils 1. Pyrolysis : Thermal breakdown of the molecular structure to create radical fractions different in size. 2. Stabilization of the radicals by recombining themselves or by redistribution of hydrogen from the raw material itself or by hydrogen that is introduced from outside (molecular hydrogen or from hydrogen-donor matter).
- 20. Other Alcohols and Ethers Biobutanol Biobutanol – butanol made from biomass – can be produced with the same feedstocks as ethanol but with a modified fermentation and distillation process. Butanol can be used in standard vehicles in gasoline blends. Biomethanol Methanol is commonly called “wood alcohol.” It can be made from biomass but is now chiefly made from natural gas. Production of methanol is one way to make use of remote natural gas that might not otherwise be brought to market. It has about half the energy content of gasoline.
- 21. Benefits of biofuels Save carbon emission up to 80% The energy relase per unit mass of biofuels is greater than that of fossil fuels. reduce greenhouse gases. high crop yields and lower costs for land and labor provide an economic advantage
- 22. Disadvantages of Biofuels Generation 1. More energy is used to make biofuels, than is contained in the biofuel. 2. Greenhouse gases produced by burning 3. Extra costs of installing technology to process and recycle wastes. 4. Biodiversity -sacrifice their rainforests to build more oil plantations 5. first generation biofuels are not sustainable 6. Farmers may move towards biofuel production reducing food production.
- 23. Conclusion • Biodiesel gave the opportunity to give back to the environment by allowing us to pursue an alternative fuel. • Biofuel production technology is still very much in the first generation and has disadvantages. • Need to evolve revolution in technology to improve production technology. • Need to change lifstyles to increase use of biofuels.
- 26. THANK YOU This presentation was designed keeping in mind its advantages in BT-101
- 27. BUT Stay tuned for clip on Biodiesel Production