ECE-3567-Lecture-1-Spring-2025 for beginner
- 1. LECTURE 1 ECE 3567 Microcontroller Laboratory Spring 2025 Dr. Gregg J Chapman
- 3. ECE 3567 Syllabus Spring 2024
- 5. ECE 3567 Syllabus Spring 2025
- 6. ECE 3567 Syllabus Spring 2025
- 7. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab What to expect: β’ There is one video before each lab on the website under The Laboratories β’ Available no later than midnight on the Sunday before the lab. β’ Watch the video first β’ Take the quiz β’ This can be done BEFORE or AFTER the lab, up until MIDNIGHT on the Friday following the lab. β’ This semester, the checkpoints will be awarded by the Lab Monitors β’ BEFORE you leave the laboratory, SIGN the checkpoint sheet. β’ The Commented CODE must be uploaded to Carmen prior to MIDNIGHT on the Friday following the lab. Spring 2025
- 8. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab Programs (Code) β’ Submitted electronically Please use PDF format. β’ Must Contain: 1. A COMPLETED Standard File Header for each file submitted. 2. All code for the lab. 3. A comment on each line of code (unless it doesnβt make sense) 4. Additional comments before each function, describing what it does. β’ Since this replaces a lab report, it must completely define the program to the extent that the lab could be duplicated from the information included in the submission.
- 10. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab
- 11. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab
- 12. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab
- 13. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab
- 14. ECE 3567 Microcontroller Lab
- 16. Embedded System MICROCONTROLLER (MCU) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) MEMORY Inputs (Sensors) Outputs β’ Actuators β’ Displays β’ Feedback
- 17. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded Hardware Microprocessor (ΞΌP) Micro-Controller (MCU)
- 18. Is there Value in Learning Embedded C Programming ? ?
- 19. Embedded Programming Languages Embedded Development Talk March, 2022
- 20. Embedded Programming Languages Survey Results from IEEE Spectrum July 2020
- 21. Embedded Programming Languages geeksforgeeks.com October 23, 2024
- 22. Embedded Programming Languages βPython, C, and C++ are clear choicesβ Embedded Development Talk March, 2022 β’ C β’ C++ β’ Java β’ Python β’ Rust β’ Assembly Language β’ Generative AI β’ Others: ADA, Lua, B#, Verilog
- 23. Embedded Program Language C Programming C is among the best programming languages for embedded systems. It is one of the oldest and most widely used embedded programming languages, which was developed in the early 1970s. C is a compiled language that helps to create programs for low-level microcontroller applications such as those found in automotive applications and home appliances. C language is the industry standard for a wide variety of applications, with estimates suggesting that up to 80% of embedded systems leverage the language. C is favored for its efficiency and widespread use in the sector. The downside of this embedded systems programming language is that its developers must be knowledgeable and be able to utilize complex coding techniques.
- 24. Embedded Program Languages C++ C++ Another popular embedded programming language is C++. This language for embedded systems offers many advantages to coders, due to their efficiency and standard library. C+ + is especially effective as it can streamline the coding process by providing useful libraries that make writing code faster and simpler. However, one major disadvantage of this embedded programming language is that it is not easy to learn due to its complexity. β’ Reduces development time β’ Common β’ Superset of Embedded C
- 25. Embedded Program Languages Java Java Java is a programming language that is efficient and versatile, it has been very popular in internet-based applications. And for embedded systems, it does a great job with devices that rely on the Android operating system. IT IS TOO SLOW FOR MANY APPLICATIONS. The main benefit of this embedded programming language is its portability (really?). Additionally, due to their reliable nature, such programs are extremely reliable and enable greater control when interacting with low-level hardware. This makes a great difference with software (firmware vs software). β’ GUI Development
- 26. Embedded Program Languages Assembly Assembly Assembly is a well-known language for embedded systems. The great benefit of this language is that it is capable of interacting easily with hardware systems. The downside of this language is its complexity and difficulty to maintain in the long term. Nowadays, assembly embedded language is not used a lot, we recommend using it only if you want an absolute control of the system, or in the scenario where you want to build your own OS (Operative System). β’ Minimal code size β’ Speed β’ Low Level Programming Capability
- 28. Embedded Program Languages Rust Rust Because of its great efficiency, numerous safety features, typestate programming approach, and zero-cost abstractions, Rust is a suitable language for embedded systems programming. Rust supports managing memory both dynamically and statically using a variety of techniques. Small microcontrollers to huge, complex systems may all be programmed using the Rust programming language. Rust has a sizable community that supports it as an embedded systems programming language. β’ Memory security β’ Low Level Programming Capability
- 30. Embedded C Programming β C / Embedded C / ASM C Programming Language β’ Structure oriented β’ Platform specific (processor) β’ Compiler used to generate machine code β’ Assumes FAST processor β’ Generalized applications β’ Requires an OS interface Assembly Language β’ Fastest Speed β’ Smallest Code Size β’ Too difficult for large scale projects Embedded C Programming β’ VERY different coding style β’ Subset of C β’ Can be faster and more efficient than βCβ β’ Hardware oriented β’ Cross-compiler used to generate ASM, HEX, and Machine Code β’ Microcontroller specific β’ Smaller code size β’ Speed limited by MCU β’ Can be used to interface environment through sensors and actuators β’ Lower cost than computer β’ Lower power than computer β’ More reliable that OS based systems β’ Can provide better security
- 31. Embedded C Programming - Distinctives β’ Embedded C is a SUBSET of the C Programming Language. β’ Like assembly language, it is written to operate directly on HARDWARE. β’ ALL features unique to C++ are nearly useless at the embedded level. β’ High level software engineers NEARLY ALWAYS look down their nose at the embedded coding style. They consider it βsophomoricβ, because it does not take advantage of many aspects of high-level languages. Please understand that adopting other coding styles and methods leads to sacrifices in execution speed, code size, and ease of understanding. Code optimization is often critical in embedded systems. Advice: Keep an open mind. Intellectual smugness is seen as ignorance in the electronics community and, unfortunately, is all too common.
- 32. Embedded C Programming - Distinctives β’ Almost all embedded code is contained in HEADER files, both from the manufacturer and the person writing the code. β’ Embedded code is MICROCONTROLLER SPECIFIC, and only portable to another application of the same MCU with the same interfaces. β’ Almost ALL embedded code contains re-used header files from the IC manufacturer, written for the same MCU. Max Headroom
- 33. Embedded C Programming - Distinctives β’ Trying to write embedded code without using the manufacturerβs header files is PURE INSANITY. Bela Lugosi
- 34. Embedded C Programming β Cross Compiler Inputs: .c, .h Executable: .hex, .bin Debugging, .lst is an ASM file Assembly: .asm, .a Object files: .o, .obj Pre-processor output files: .i Source files: .s (MCU specific)
- 36. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) β’ An IDE includes: β’ Top Level Project Manager β’ Source Code Editor β’ Support for a specific Program Language β’ Compiler β’ Assembler β’ Linker (Build Integration) β’ Debugger
- 37. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) β’ POPULAR IDEs β’ Visual Studio (Microsoft) (Adaptable. Almost universal) β’ Code Composer Studio (TI) β’ MPLAB (ST Microelectronics) β’ Arduino β’ Red Hat (Linux) β’ Eclipse
- 38. Pros: β’ Off Site backup β’ Industry Standard for Code Sharing β’ Well Supported Cons: β’ Hopelessly Complex β’ Long Learning Curve β’ May not be Secure Version Management GITHub
- 39. Do you need an Operating System? β’ Almost ALL embedded applications have a single task. β’ You can use a REAL TIME Operating System for a Single Task (RTOS). You must use a full OS for multi-tasking. β’ The additional complexity and scheduling of events in an RTOS creates MANY resource constraints. AN OS in general will reduce reliability. β’ A Real Time OS is only worth the overhead for VERY complex single tasks and a highly interactive Graphical User Interfaces. β’ In my opinion, the RTOS environment is RARELY worth the trouble and additional resources. β’ HOWEVER, an RTOS can significantly cut development time., especially for GUIs.
- 40. Marketable Skills β’ Languages - Embedded C, Python β’ MCU Communications - I2C, SPI β’ MCU Peripherals β GPIO, Timers, ADC, DAC β’ Ability to Read a Schematic β’ Familiarity with Hardware Test Equipment β’ Familiarity with RISC Instruction Set and ARM Microcontrollers β’ Interrupt Driven Design β’ Real Time Operating Systems β’ Linux OS Experience β’ Ability to work within a Version Control Environment β’ Debugging Skills β’ GUI Development (Java) β’ Internet of Things (IoT)
- 41. Embedded Programming Language Trends 1.The rise of AI Developed Systems 2.Open-Source Code 3.Security will be king 4.More modern languages (C++, Rust) 5.Simulation-first Development 6.DevOps (IT involved) and Observability 7.Edge (of network) AI β7 Embedded Software Trends to Watch in 2025β β DesignNews, December 17th , 2024
- 42. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers TI LaunchPad (MSP430FR6989)
- 43. fcutoff = 6 Hz A5 input on ADC12 RC charging circuit P2.1 RC PWM output ADC β A5 ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Custom Designed BoosterPack RGB PWMs to LED Heating Circuit
- 44. The MSP430FR6989 Microcontroller Architecture Timers: TA0 β ISR, Command, USCI_A0 TA1 β ADC12, USCI_A1 TB0 β PWMs
- 45. Code Composer Studio (TI) Our Development Platform
- 46. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Code Composer Studio
- 47. 47 ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Code Composer Studio
- 48. Documentation
- 49. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β Documentation 1 β Create a documentation standard 2 β Use a consistent coding style 3 β Use a documentation template 4 β Use a file header 5 β Comment before coding 6 β Document as you go not afterwards 7 β Update comments when making coding changes 8 β Consistent use of commenting brackets and location 9 β Write non-obvious comments β Explain the why, NOT the how 10 β Provide example uses to increase clarity
- 50. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β File headers (.c)
- 51. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β Comments
- 52. Compiler directives and .h files
- 53. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β Compiler Directives β’ #define β Declares a constant and may or may not give it a value. Can also be used to label a macro. β’ #include β A compiler directive that adds the contents of an external file to the current file definition. #include βstdio.hβ // has to be between quotes or carrots <> #include β3567.hβ β’ #pragma β Tells the compiler to include something once if it is included in multiple files. β’ #ifdef β Conditional compilation based on a definition #endif #define __MSP430FR6989 #ifdef __MSP430FR6989__ #include <msp430fr6989.h> #else #include <msp430.h> #endif // __MSP430FR6989__ #define RED 0x11 Usage is reserved
- 54. #typedef typedef signed char int8_t; typedef unsigned char uint8_t; typedef int int16_t; typedef unsigned int uint16_t; typedef long int32_t; typedef unsigned long uint32_t; typedef long int64_t; typedef unsigned long uint64_t; #typedef β Defines an alias name or a new type The typedefs for abbreviated variable types are defined in stdint.h const uint16_t BaseAddress; // Base Address of EUSCI_A port const uint8_t TxPort;// GPIO Port settings for TX pin
- 55. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β TI header files (.h) #include "inc/hw_memmap.h" #include "adc12_b.h" #include "aes256.h" #include "comp_e.h" #include "crc.h" #include "crc32.h" #include "cs.h" #include "dma.h" #include "esi.h" #include "eusci_a_spi.h" #include "eusci_a_uart.h" #include "eusci_b_i2c.h" #include "eusci_b_spi.h" #include "framctl.h" #include "gpio.h" #include "lcd_c.h" #include "mpu.h" #include "mpy32.h" #include "pmm.h" #include "ram.h" #include "ref_a.h" #include "rtc_b.h" #include "rtc_c.h" #include "sfr.h" #include "sysctl.h" #include "timer_a.h" #include "timer_b.h" #include "tlv.h" #include "wdt_a.h" extern void ADC12_B_setAdcPowerMode(uint16_t baseAddress, uint8_t powerMode); #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM0 (ADC12CSTARTADD_0) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM1 (ADC12CSTARTADD_1) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM2 (ADC12CSTARTADD_2) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM3 (ADC12CSTARTADD_3) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM4 (ADC12CSTARTADD_4) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM5 (ADC12CSTARTADD_5) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM6 (ADC12CSTARTADD_6) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM7 (ADC12CSTARTADD_7) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM8 (ADC12CSTARTADD_8) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM9 (ADC12CSTARTADD_9) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM10 (ADC12CSTARTADD_10) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM11 (ADC12CSTARTADD_11) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM12 (ADC12CSTARTADD_12) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM13 (ADC12CSTARTADD_13) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM14 (ADC12CSTARTADD_14) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM15 (ADC12CSTARTADD_15) #define ADC12_B_START_AT_ADC12MEM16 (ADC12CSTARTADD_16) typedef struct ADC12_B_initParam { //! Is the signal that will trigger a sample-and-hold for an input signal //! to be converted. uint16_t sampleHoldSignalSourceSelect; //! Selects the clock that will be used by the ADC12B core, and the uint8_t clockSourceSelect; //! Selects the amount that the clock will be divided. uint16_t clockSourceDivider; //! Selects the amount that the clock will be predivided. uint16_t clockSourcePredivider; //! Selects what internal channel to map for ADC input channels uint16_t internalChannelMap; } ADC12_B_initParam; Compiler Directives TI βmacroβ functions or prototypes Structures
- 56. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β Custom Header files (.h)
- 57. Embedded C Programming- Examples
- 58. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β MicroChip (PICC) /******************** Microchip Inc. PICC Process Code **************************/ #include <pic.h> #define XTAL_FREQ 4MHZ #include "delay.h" #include "delay.c" #define TIMEOUT 8 //-- Minutes to timeout #define MAXTIME (TIMEOUT * 60 * 1000000)/256 //-- us divided by 256 #define SECOND (1000000/256) //-- counts per second #define OFF 1 //-- OFF State of output #define ON 0 //-- ON State of output #define TIMEOUT_ON 1 //-- ON State for Timeout LED #define TIMEOUT_OFF 0 //-- OFF State for Timeout LED #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define BITNUM(adr, bit) ((unsigned)(&adr)*8+(bit)) static bit DEAD @ BITNUM(GPIO, 0); //- Dangerously LOW static bit EMPTY @ BITNUM(GPIO, 1); //- Lower Limit static bit FULL @ BITNUM(GPIO, 2); //- Upper Limit static bit OUTPUT @ BITNUM(GPIO, 4); //- Output Control Pin static bit TIMEOUTPIN @ BITNUM(GPIO, 5); //- Timeout Indicator. unsigned long Counter; bit CountEnabled; bit Filling; bit TMRHIGH; //*************************************************************** //main //*************************************************************** void main (void) { char HourNotUp=0,Minute,Second; OPTION=0xD8; //- 11011000 Set up the option Register GPIO=0xFF; //-- All Outputs HIGH TIMEOUTPIN=TIMEOUT_OFF; //-- No Timeout yet so turn LED OFF OUTPUT=OFF; //-- Don't Fill so Output is OFF TRIS=0x0F; //-- Set Up 0 to 3 as input rest as output CountEnabled=0; Counter=0; Filling=0; TMRHIGH=0; while(1) {
- 59. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β Motorola /******** ********* ********* ********* ********* ********* ********* *********/ void Tilt_ctl(void) { int i; unsigned int counter; TMSK1 &= 0xCF; /* disable timer 3, 4 interrupt */ counter = TCNT; /* get the current counter value */ TOC3 = counter + 2000; /* set timer 3 to clock at +1ms */ TCTL1 = (TCTL1 & 0xCF) | 0x30; /* set timer 3 to go HIGH then */ TOC4 = counter + 2000; /* set timer 4 to clock at +1ms */ TCTL1 = (TCTL1 & 0xF3) | 0x0C; /* set timer 4 to go HIGH then */ TFLG1 = 0x30; /* clear clocks on timers 3, 4 */ while ((TFLG1 & 0x20)==0){ i=i;} /* and wait until timers 3 fires */ TFLG1 = 0x30; /* clear clocks on timers 3, 4 */ TOC3 = counter + 4000; /* set timer 3 to clock at +2ms */ TCTL1 = (TCTL1 & 0xCF) | 0x20; /* set timer 3 to go LOW then */ TOC4 = counter + 14000; /* set timer 4 to clock at +7ms */ TFLG1 = 0x30; /* clear clocks on timers 3, 4 */ while ((TFLG1 & 0x10)==0){ i=i;} /* and wait until timers 4 fires */ adc_read(60,1); /* read the left TILT meter side */ adc_read(61,1); /* read the right TILT meter side */ TFLG1 = 0x30; /* clear clocks on timers 3, 4 */ TOC3 = counter + 24000; /* set timer 3 to clock at +12ms */ TCTL1 = (TCTL1 & 0xCF) | 0x30; /* set timer 3 to go HIGH then */ TOC4 = counter + 24000; /* set timer 4 to clock in +12ms */ TCTL1 = (TCTL1 & 0xF3) | 0x08; /* set timer 4 to go LOW then */ while ((TFLG1 & 0x10)==0){ i=i;} /* and wait until timers 4 fires */ TFLG1 = 0x30; /* clear clocks on timers 3, 4 */ TOC4 = counter + 44000; /* set timer 4 to clock in +22ms */ TCTL1 = (TCTL1 & 0xF3) | 0x0C; /* set timer 4 to go HIGH then */ while ((TFLG1 & 0x10)==0){ i=i;} /* and wait until timers 4 fires */ } /******** ********* ********* ********* ********* ********* ********* *********/
- 60. ECE 3567 Microcontrollers Embedded C Programming β Texas Instruments /******** TI Code for MPS430 Power Management Module ********/ // pmm.c - Driver for the pmm Module. //******************************************************** //! addtogroup pmm_api pmm //******************************************************** #include "inc/hw_memmap.h" #ifdef __MSP430_HAS_PMM_FRAM__ #include "pmm.h" #include <assert.h> void PMM_enableSVSH (void) { HWREG8(PMM_BASE + OFS_PMMCTL0_H) = PMMPW_H; HWREG8(PMM_BASE + OFS_PMMCTL0_L) |= SVSHE; HWREG8(PMM_BASE + OFS_PMMCTL0_H) = 0x00; } void PMM_unlockLPM5 (void) { //Direct register access to avoid compiler warning - #10420-D //For FRAM devices, at start up, the GPO power-on default //high-impedance mode needs to be disabled to activate previously //configured port settings. This can be done by clearing the LOCKLPM5 //bit in PM5CTL0 register PM5CTL0 &= ~LOCKLPM5; }
- 61. End of Lecture #1