ED Endings in English Language first part

When we have regular past-tense verbs, they typically end in “-ed”
There are 3 different sounds for “-ed”
But, how do you know which sound a word makes?

The final sound will largely depend on the last
sound of the verb.
* Place your fingertips on the front of your neck, and pronounce the
following words. What do you feel on your fingers when you say the
underlined sound?
vow | fake (vvv | fff)
zebra | snake (zzz | sss)
 When we pronounce voiced sounds, our vocal chords vibrate when we
say those sounds. [v] [z].
 When we pronounce voiceless sounds, our vocal chords do not
vibrate. [f] [s]. No vibration.

[t] final sound
Verbs ending in voiceless sounds [p, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ] cause the “-ed”
ending to be pronounced as the voiceless [t] (with no vocal chord
vibration).
[p]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[ʃ] “sh”:
[tʃ] “ch”:
“He popped a balloon.” [papt]
“They talked a lot” [takt]
“I laughed at the movie.” [læft]
“She kissed her child good-bye.” [kIst]
“We brushed our teeth.” [bruʃt]
“I reached the end of the road.” [riytʃt]

[d] final sound
Verbs ending in the voiced sounds [b, g, v, z, ʒ, dʒ, m, n, ŋ, r, l] cause the “- ed”
ending to be pronounced as a voiced [d].
[b]
[g]
[v]
[z]
[dʒ]
[m]
[n]
[ŋ]
[r]
[l]
“She grabbed her coat and ran away.” [grabd] “He
begged her to stay.” [bɛgd]
“They loved it.” [luvd]
“He raised his hand.” [reyzd]
“They managed the issue quickly.” [ mænɪdʒd]
“She claimed the prize.” [kleymd]
“They banned smoking in public spaces.” [bænd] “She
banged on the door.” [bæŋd]
“The waitress cleared the table.” [kliyrd] “I
rolled up the paper.” [rowld]

[ɪd] final sound
Verbs ending in the sounds [t] or [d] will cause the “-ed” ending of a verb
to be pronounced as the syllable [əd] or [ɪd].
[t]
[t]
[d]
[d]
“I visited the Empire State Building.” [vɪzɪtəd]
“She edited the report.” [ɛdɪtɪd]
“We ended the game early.” [ɛndɪd]
“the chef breaded the chicken.” [brɛdɪd]

Why are these rules important?
Connected Speech [c+v]
These “-ed” pronunciation rules are particularly important, because in
English we connect our speech when we have a word that:
• ends in a consonant; and
• is followed by a word that begins with a vowel.
In this case, the way you say the verb’s “-ed” ending will be heard loudly and clearly.
For Example:
“He walked away” [walkt] –> “He walk taway” [hiy WAWK
təWEY]
“She turned around.”
Cont…

The same rule of connected speech [c+v] occurs when h-deletion causes us to
delete the “h” sound at the beginning of a word.
“We raised her expectations” [reyzd] –> “We raizd her expectations” –> “We
raizdər expectations”
…Cont.
H- deletion

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Smacked

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Landed

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Informed

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Mixed

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Rocked

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
waited

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Skipped

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Scrubbed

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Cried

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Wanted

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Learned

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
haunted

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
rented

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Killed

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Laughed

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Helped

 /t/
 /d/
 /ɪd/
Shouted

ED Endings in English Language first part

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