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Edward Snowden Data-Breach

Deepak Kumar (D3) , profile picture
Deepak Kumar (D3)

The Edward Snowden NSA data breach of 2013 emerged as one of the most significant security incidents affecting the U.S. intelligence community, with Snowden taking classified documents to expose widespread surveillance practices. The breaches have led to profound consequences for national security, prompting a reevaluation of access to sensitive data and sparking discussions on the ethical implications of security measures. The document underscores the need for improved security protocols and management in response to such unauthorized disclosures.

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Its Consequences & Implications 1 Photo Credit: Wired Magazine August 13, 2014 August 14, 2014 The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened;
August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 2
The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened; Its Consequences & Implications for the U.S. and the IT Industry and the Security Industry August 14, 2014
D3pak Kumar , C|EH , CHFi , ECSA , CCS , CCF , MCA , OPSEC , CSICS IT security & Digital Forensic Analyst/Researcher For more: www.about.me/D3pak Originally William Favre , M.S. MBA, PMP, CISSP, CISA Owner, Slater Technologies, Inc. Adjunct Professor, IIT School of Applied Technology
Government it Edward Snowden’s Christmas Message to America, December 2013 August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 5
Agenda · Introduction · What Happened? What Did Edward Snowden Do? · How did he accomplish this? · What has he disclosed? · Consequences · Implications · The Latest Developments on Edward Snowden · Audience Opinion: Do you think Edward Snowden was correct in doing what he did? · Latest Developments on Snowden and Other Stuff · My Own Assessments · NSA Fallout · Conclusion · Questions · References August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 6
Introduction · The Edward Snowden 2013 NSA Data Breach was arguably the most damaging (known) data breach to ever impact the U.S. Intelligence Community. This presentation will cover what happened, how it happened, why it happened, the data breach’s consequences, its implications for the future, and how such breaches can be prevented in the future. Edward Snowden Vanity Fair Artwork August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 7
Some Previous Bad Security Breaches August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 8
Some Previous Bad Security Breaches August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 9
Spectacular Data Breaches: 2013 - 2014 Spring 2013 - Edward Snowden August 2014 – Russian Hacker Bot (1.2 Billion User Credentials) December 2013 – Target April 2014 – eBay April 2014 – Heart Bleed, OpenSSL May 2014 – P. F. Chang’s August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 10
Gregg Steinhafel Former Target CEO Source: http://docs.ismgcorp.com/files/external/Target_Kill_Chain_Analysis_FINAL.pdf August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 11
Russian Hacker BotNet Data Breach · August 2014 – Russians used a BotNet harvest over 1.2 Billion credentials · (Change your passwords) Diagram Source: HP White Paper on Botnets, 4AA3-9451ENW, November 2012 August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 12
General Keith Alexander,Vladimir Putin, Reporter for the U.K. Guardian President of Russia The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened;US Cyber Command Persons in the Snowden Data Breach Story Laura Poitras, Reporter Barack Obama, President of the United States Edward J. Snowden, Former NSA Contractor Glen Greenwald, Former NSA Director and Director August 14, 2014 13 Consequences & Implications
What Happened? What Did Snowden Do? · In May 2013, after a series of secret communications with two experienced reporters (Laura Poitras and Glenn Greenwald), NSA Contractor and System Administrator Edward Snowden took four laptops, each with a 1 TB drive and flew to Hong Kong and later flew to Russia (supposedly en route to Cuba or South America) · Approximately 1.7 million classified documents were copied and removed from the NSA’s infrastructure while Snowden was on duty in Hawaii · The damage to the National Security of the United States is said to be “incalculable” and the WORST U.S. DATA BREACH EVER. Edward Snowden August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 14
The Time Line · June 21, 1983 – Edward J. Snowden born in Elizabeth City, North Carolina · 1999 – Dropped out of High School · 2004 – Joined the U.S. Army Reserve because he was patriotic, later washed out · 2005 - worked s a "security specialist" at the University of Maryland's Center for Advanced Study of Language · 2006 - 2007 - Joined the CIA and worked as a system administrator in Geneva, Switzerland · 2009 - Became a contractor and worked at Dell for the NSA in Japan · 2012 - Was identified as having downloaded several sensitive documents from the NSA · January 2013 – Snowden initiates communications with a New York Times Reporter, Laura Poitras, setting the protocol for strong public key / private key encryption due to fears of being discovered · March 2013 – Snowden joined Booz Allen Hamilton as a systems administrator working for the NSA; moved to Hawaii · May 2013 – Snowden traveled from Hawaii to Hong Kong with Four Laptops; Meets Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras in Hong Kong · June 3 – 5, 2013 – Glen Greenwald published a series of articles in the U.K.’s Guardian newspaper disclosing the extent of the NSA’s surveillance programs, both foreign and domestic spying · June 21, 2013 – At the request of President Barack Obama, the U.S. Department of Justice files (sealed) criminal espionage charges against Snowden and demands extradition August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 15
The Time Line · August 1, 2013 – Snowden granted temporary political asylum in Russia by President Vladimir Putin after spending more than four weeks at the Moscow International Airport · March 7, 2014 - Testimony at EU Parliament via teleconference, e-mail, Twitter, and the Internet · March 10, 2014 – SXSW Conference via ACLU sponsored teleconference, Twitter, and the Internet · March 18, 2014 – the ACLU published all NSA documents that Snowden had disclosed so far, in an online database that is searchable by topic, title and date. The URL: https://www.aclu.org/nsa- documents-search · March 18, 2014 – TED Conference Talk via Telepresence Robot, software and the Internet · April 6, 2014 – ACLU Conference via teleconference, e-mail, Twitter, and the Internet · April 8, 2014 – Edward Snowden Interview in Vanity Fair magazine · April 8, 2014 – Edward Snowden Interview in Vanity Fair magazine · May 28, 2014 – Snowden appears on an NBC News Interview with Brian Williams · July 19, 2014 – Article by Rusbridger and MacAskill: I, spy: Edward Snowden in exile Revealed that Oliver Stone will make a Snowden Movie · August 7, 2014 - Snowden gets a 3-year extension on his stay in Russia · August 13, 2014 – Wired Magazine Weekly Article: Edward Snowden: The Most Wanted in the World August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 16
How Did Snowden Accomplish His Data Breach? · Violated Trust and Confidence placed in him by the NSA · Social Engineering – Achieved Elevated Privileges and Access by getting colleagues to share their login credentials – Defeating security controls that were designed to compartmentalize data and data access based on a need to know · Intimate knowledge of systems, security management, and weaknesses in controls · Copied data to four Laptops – 1 TB each · Communicated with Reporters starting in January 2013 via encrypted e-mails · Left Hawaii to Hong Kong gave reporters key details · Left Hong Kong for Russia · Communicating now via the Internet (e-mail, secure Snowden at Press Conference in Moscow with Russian Lawyers July 2013 webcast, Twitter, Telepresence Robot control, phone, etc.) August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 17
What Has Snowden Disclosed? · Details about – MANY NSA Classified Programs – MANY GCHQ Classified Joint Programs – Spying on Americans – Spying on Allies – Spying on our “Enemies” – Social Engineering and Discrediting Campaign Tactics – NSA working Microsoft, Google, Yahoo. Etc. – Offensive and Defensive Cyberwarfare activities and actors – Workings of the NSA and his job responsibilities – His philosophies and believes about the Government, surveillance, the Internet, and personal freedoms · Promises to disclose a great deal more Edward Snowden August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 18
Since 2001 NSA Surveillance Programs – Now Known Pre-2001 Since 2007 GCHQ collabor- ation Discon- tinued ECHELON Main Core MINARET SHAMROCK PROMIS BLARNEY RAGTIME Turbulence PINWALE MAINWAY Upstream PRISM Boundless Informant X-Keyscore Dropmire Fairview Surveillance Detection Unit Bullrun MYSTIC MUSCULAR IMP JTRIG Tempora Mastering the Internet Global Telecoms Exploitation Trailblazer Project ThinThread President's Surveillance Program Terrorist Surveillance Program STELLARWIND Tubine Quantumhand Synapse Disclosed in Detail by Snowden August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 19
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 20
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 21
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 22
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 23
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 24
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 25
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 26
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 27
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 28
Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 29
Consequences: How does this affect the NSA and U.S. National Security?  “We have to assume that the Russians know EVERYTHING about our Surveillance Programs…”  One U.S. Government Official  The U.S. will have to go back to the drawing board to create and implement most of the programs that provided the capabilities they want and need  The NSA and other Intelligence gathering agencies must now rethink their human security programs  Fewer people will have access to highly classified data August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 30
Consequences: How will this Edward Snowden Compromise Affect the U.S. Government?  Better Risk Assessment and Risk Management Programs  Better security management  More money will be spent creating new surveillance programs and data protection programs  Fewer people will have access to highly classified data  Those with access to data will be watched more carefully  Quicker and Harsher punishment for infractions August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 31
(Sealed) Charges Filed Against Edward Snowden · June 21, 2013 – the U.S. filed Criminal Charges Against Former NSA Contractor, Edward Snowden · If convicted, Snowden could get the death penalty Edward Snowden Former NSA Contractor August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 32
August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 33
Consequences: Has anyone lost their job as a result of what Edward Snowden has done? · General Keith Alexander, chief of the NSA, Central Security Service, and U.S. Cyber Command AND his Deputy John Inglis – On October 16, 2013, it was announced that General Alexander, and his Deputy John C. Inglis, were leaving the NSA. This announcement came on the heels of four months of NSA spying revelations spawned by press-leaks made by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. · Most likely some of Snowden’s bosses and colleagues at the NSA and Booz Allen Hamilton were quietly fired General Keith Alexander August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 34
Implications: How will the Edward Snowden Compromise Affect the Cybersecurity Career Field?  More qualifications and M.S. Cybersecurity experience  More frequent training  More certifications  More stringent controls – More surveillance – Background checks – Better control of access to data – Two-man policies August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 35
Implications: How will the Edward Snowden Compromise Affect Your Career as an IT Professional and/or a Security Professional?  The qualifications bar will be much higher – No more high school drop-outs or GEDs – More certifications, cybersecurity-related degrees  Stronger examination of backgrounds  Expect more oversight August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 36
Implications: How would you prevent an Edward Snowden-style Data Breach in your organization if your were the Cybersecurity Director?  Revamp your Risk Assessment and Risk Management Programs  Revamp your Security Management Program – Applying the Control Framework(s) controls that relate to Security Personnel and Asset Management – Training on Security, ethics, etc. – Increased surveillance, controls and accountability – Fewer people should have access to highly classified data – Two-man policies  Apply and use metrics Risk Warning Signs Edward Snowden Routinely wore an EFF Hoodie and had an EFF Sticker on his laptop  Monitor! Monitor! Monitor!  Continuously improve  Train! Train! Train! (NIST SP 800-50 & NIST SP 800-16) Source: http://www.dailydot.com/news/snowden-eff-hoodie/ August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 37
Consequences & Implications 38 THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS ON EDWARD SNOWDEN August 14, 2014 The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened; Its
Snowden’s Advice from Exile · The NSA whistleblower, Edward Snowden, has urged lawyers, journalists,doctors, accountants, priests and others with a duty to protect confidentiality to upgrade security in the wake of the spy surveillance revelations. · Snowden said professionals were failing in their obligations to their clients, sources, patients and parishioners in what he described as a new and challenging world. · "What last year's revelations showed us was irrefutable evidence that unencrypted communications on the internet are no longer safe. Any communications should be encrypted Edward Snowden Former NSA Contractor by default," he said. Rusbridger, A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). The Guardian Exclusive: Whistleblowersays NSA revelations mean those with duty to protect confidentiality must urgently upgradesecurity. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/17/edward-snowden-professionals-encrypt-client- communications-nsa-spyon July 20, 2014. August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 39
Edward Snowden’s Revelations at the ACLU Conference 1. Has promised to release MANY more revealing documents 2. Has set up a “Doomsday” release arrangements of all documents in case he is assassinated Edward Snowden August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 40
Edward Snowden’s 6 Revelations at the SXSW Conference 1. Bulk Data Collection Doesn't Work 2. There Isn't Much Consumers Can Do to Avoid It 3. The Most Dangerous Men in America Are Michael Hayden and Keith Alexander 4. The Government Still Doesn't Know What Snowden Has 5. The Tech Industry Is Upset 6. Snowden Has No Regrets "The NSA is setting fire to the Internet. You people in the room at SXSW are the firefighters.“ – Edward Snowden Edward Snowden Live via Secure Webcast at the SXSW Conference March 11, 2014 6 Things Edward Snowden Revealed at SXSW http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2454827,00.asp August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 41
Edward Snowden’s 7 Revelations During the May 2014 NBC News Interview 1. Says the U.S. “stranded” him is Russia by revoking his U.S. Passport 2. Says he was trained as a “Spy” 3. Feels justified as a “whistleblower” and that it was his duty to report the “illegal surveillance of Americans”. 4. Says he cannot possibly receive a “fair trial” because what he has done would have to be tried in a secret court under the Espionage Act 5. Is Outraged at the Russian Government requiring registration of bloggers 6. Snowden Has No Regrets 7. Says he misses the U.S. and wishes he could return Edward Snowden: NBC News Interview With Brian Williams on May 28, 2014 Inside the Mind of Edward Snowden: NBC News Interview in Russia with Brian Williams http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/edward-snowden-interview/exclusive-edward-snowden-tells-brian-williams-u-s-stranded-him-n116096 August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 42
The EU Parliament in a show of Solidarity for Edward Snowden and his disclosures votes in support of anti-spying measures August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 43
Rusbridger,A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). I, spy: EdwardSnowden inexile. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/18/-sp-edward-snowden- interview-rusbridger-macaskill on July 19, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 44
Edward Snowden Granted a Three-Year Extension in Russia · August 7, 2014 - Snowden’s lawyer, Analtoly Kucherena, was quoted by Russian news agencies as saying Snowden now has been granted residency for three more years, but that he had not been granted political asylum. Edward Snowden Source: Edward Snowden Gets Permission To Stay In Russia For 3 More Years: Lawyer, Jim Heintz http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/07/edward-snowden-russia_n_5657481.html August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 45
Edward Snowden on the Cover of Wired Magazine (Weekly) – August 13, 2014 · August 13, 2014 – Wired Magazine online article: Snowden: The Untold Story: The Most Wanted Man in the World Bamford, J. (2014). Edward Snowden: The Most Wanted Man in the World. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/2014/08/edward-snowden/. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 46
Opinion: Do You Think Edward Snowden Was Correct in Doing What He Did? · Let’s take a vote using a show of hands Snowden was WRONG Snowden was RIGHT August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 47
Poll Results: Do You Think Edward Snowden Was Correct in Doing What He Did? August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 48
Anecdotal Advice to Prevent an Edward Snowden Event in your Organization: 1. Vet your staff members carefully with background checks. 2. Monitor your members’ work and behaviors 3. Never hire a high school drop-out. 4. Train your system administrators on a Code of Ethics: http://1drv.ms/QjMcjw 5. Train your entire staff about what Social Engineering is, how it works, and how to protect against it. 6. Read this paper about Hacking Humans: http://www.billslater.com/writing/Hacking_Humans_f rom_W_F_Slater_v1_2013_0219_.pdf August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 49
My Own Assessments · Snowden has mental issues. Inferiority complex and a megalomaniac · Snowden is a major TRAITOR, and he has hurt the U.S. Its security and dishonored himself and his profession · Snowden is still in grave danger · Snowden gravitates toward the limelight to remind the World that he is still alive · If Snowden really wants to live, he would be better off if he would learn the Russian language, history, & culture, and ultimately apply for Russian Citizenship August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 50
NSA Bulk Data Surveillance Programs International Security. (2014). Do NSA's Bulk Surveillance Programs Stop Terrorism? Retrieved from http://securitydata.newamerica.net/nsa/analysis on August 7, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 51
NSA Fallout · US' National Security Agency, Struggling to Recruit Top Talent, Turns to Silicon Valley · Snowden reveals that NSA personnel distributed nude pictures of American citizens · NSA now hated and mistrusted in the U.S. and around the world U.S. Embassy in Berlin, Germany August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 52
Conclusions  Despite billions of dollars of planning, engineering and administration, the human element proved to be the weakest link  A lot of security REENGINEERING will need to take place  A lot of money, time, and energy will be required to get it corrected  Things will get more complicated for Management and Cybersecurity professionals  Greater vetting efforts and compartmentalization of data  Expect that highly-trained, high-skilled, trustworthy cybersecurity professionals and managers will be more valuable and in demand August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 53
Parting Thoughts · To understand the Genesis of U.S. Government Surveillance and the Power that has now accumulated in the Executive Branch of the U.S. Federal Government, please view this very brief August 17, 1975 video with prescient comments about powerful and growing surveillance capabilities, “Government Tyranny” and “the Abyss” by Senator Frank Church, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Intelligence Activities on NBC’s Meet the Press. Senator Frank Church · My advice: Save this information. Source: NBC NEWS Meet the press Interview with Senator Frank Church Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAG1N4a84Dk August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 54
The End… of The Beginning The Brand New 1 million square foot NSA Data Center in Bluffdale, Utah This 100 MW Facility will hold 12 Exabytes of Data It houses EVERYONE’s Data August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 55
Questions? August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 56
References August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 57
References · ACLU. (2014). President Obama: Grant Edward Snowden Immunity Now. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/secure/grant_snowden_immunity on March 18, 2014. · ANI. (2014). White House cyber security chief says damage done by Edward Snowden will take decades to repair. Retrieved from http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-white-house-cyber-security-chief-says-damage-done-by- edward-snowden-will-take-decades-to-repair-1973325 on April 5, 2014, · Anonymous, (2104). Edward Snowden, A Truth Unveiled (Documentary). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSXlKdWF5HE on March 20, 2014. · Associated Press. (2014). Everyone is under surveillance now, says whistleblower Edward Snowden. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/03/everyone-is-under-surveillance-now-says-whistleblower- edward-snowden on May 3, 2014. · Bamford, J. (2014). Edward Snowden: The Most Wanted Man in the World. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/2014/08/edward-snowden/ on August 13, 2014. · Batley, M. (2014). Clapper: Snowden Took Advantage of 'Perfect Storm' of Security Lapses. Retrieved from http://www.newsmax.com/US/Edward-Snowden-James-Clapper-NSA-intelligence/2014/02/12/id/552327 on February 12, 2014. · Boyle, D. (2014). Edward Snowden was in Moscow's sights six years before leaking U.S. secrets claims former KGB agent. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2651973/Edward-Snowden-Moscows-sights-six- years-leaking-U-S-secrets-claims-former-KGB-agent.html on June 12, 2014. · Campbell, B. (2014). The story of Edward Snowden is so unbelievable, sometimes you forget it's nonfiction Retrieved from http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-02-14/story-edward-snowden-so-unbelievable-sometimes-you- forget-its-nonfiction on February 15, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA Da ta Breach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 58
References · Cohen, T. Military spy chief: Have to assume Russia knows U.S. secrets. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/07/politics/snowden-leaks-russia/index.html on March 9, 2014. · Coleman, G. (2014). The Latest Snowden Revelation Is Dangerous for Anonymous — And for All of Us. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/opinion/2014/02/comes-around-goes-around-latest-snowden- revelation-isnt-just-dangerous-anonymous-us/ on February 4, 2014. · Cook, J. (2014). Cryptome: Remaining Snowden docs will be released to avert ‘unspecified US war’ in July 2014. retrieved from http://benswann.com/cryptome-remaining-snowden-docs-will-be-released-to-avert- unspecified-us-war-in-july/ on July 3, 2014. · Decrypted Matrix. (2014). An NSA Coworker Remembers The Real Edward Snowden: ‘A Genius Among Geniuses’. Retrieved from https://decryptedmatrix.com/live/an-nsa-coworker-remembers-the-real-edward- snowden-a-genius-among-geniuses/ on March 31, 2014. · Farrell, H. (2014). The political science of cybersecurity IV: How Edward Snowden helps U.S. deterrence. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/12/the-political-science-of- cybersecurity-iv-how-edward-snowden-helps-u-s-deterrence/ on March 12, 2014. · Forrest, H. (2014). Monday, March 10: Edward Snowden to Speak at SXSW Interactive Via Videoconference. Retrieved from http://sxsw.com/interactive/news/2014/monday-march-10-edward-snowden-speak-sxsw- interactive-videoconference on March 10, 2014. · Free Man’s Perspective. (2014). YES, YOU ARE BEING MANIPULATED BY YOUR GOVERNMENT. Retrieved from http://www.freemansperspective.com/governments-manipulate/ on March 20, 2014. · Friedersdorf, C. (2014). The Latest Snowden Leak Is Devastating to NSA Defenders. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/07/a-devastating-leak-for-edward-snowdens- critics/373991/ on July 7, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 59
References · Gallagher, R. and Greenwald, G. (2104). How the NSA Plans to Infect ‘Millions’ of Computers with Malware. Retrieved from https://firstlook.org/theintercept/article/2014/03/12/nsa-plans-infect-millions- computers-malware/ on March 12, 2014. · Greenwald, G. (2014). No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State Metropolitan Books. · Gross, G. (2014). House approves effort to limit NSA searches of US data. Retrieved from · http://www.itworld.com/internet/423824/house-approves-effort-limit-nsa-searches-us-data on June 19, 2014. · Gurnow, M. (2014). The Edward Snowden Affair: Exposing the Politics and Media Behind the NSA Scandal. Blue River Press, Inc. · Harding, L. (2014). The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World's Most Wanted Man. Random House, LLC. · Heintz, J. (2014). Edward Snowden Gets Permission To Stay In Russia For 3 More Years: Lawyer. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/07/edward-snowden-russia_n_5657481.html on August 7, 2014. · Huffington Post. (2014). Bill Gates: Edward Snowden Is No Hero. Retrieved from http://live.huffingtonpost.com/r/archive/segment/bill-gates-edward-snowden-is-no- hero/5323697e78c90a1ede00033b on March 16, 2014. · International Security. (2014). Do NSA's Bulk Surveillance Programs Stop Terrorism? Retrieved from http://securitydata.newamerica.net/nsa/analysis on August 7, 2014. · Kelly, M. B. (2014). A Former Obama Cabinet Official Made The Strongest Snowden Allegation Yet. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/former-obama-official-snowden-is-a-spy-2014-5 on May 5, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implication 60
References · Leopold, J. (2014). EXCLUSIVE: EMAILS REVEAL CLOSE GOOGLE RELATIONSHIP WITH NSA. Retrieved from http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/5/6/nsa-chief-google.html on May 6, 2014. · Lucas, E. (2014). The Snowden Operation: Inside the West's Greatest Intelligence Disaster. Amazon Digital Services. · Maass, P. (2013). How Laura Poitras Helped Snowden Spill His Secrets. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/magazine/laura-poitras-snowden.html on April 3, 2014. · Mirkinson, J. (2014). Brian Williams Scores Edward Snowden's First American Television Interview. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/22/brian-williams-edward-snowden- interview_n_5374024.html on May 22, 2014. · Meyer, D. (2014). Edward Snowden tells European Parliament how local spies aid NSA surveillance. Retrieved from http://gigaom.com/2014/03/07/edward-snowden-gives-testimony-to-european- parliament-surveillance-inquiry/ on March 7, 2014. · Moyers, B. (2014). Anatomy of the Deep State. http://billmoyers.com/2014/02/21/anatomy-of-the-deep- state/ on March 31, 2014. · NBC News. (2014). Citizens' Racy Photos Shared Among NSA Workers, Snowden Says. http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/nsa-snooping/citizens-racy-photos-shared-among-nsa-workers- snowden-says-n160916, retrieved on July 23, 2014. · Newsmax. (2013). NSA, Military Beef-Up Cybersecurity Measures in Wake of Leaks. Retrieved from http://www.newsmax.com/US/NSA-Military-cybersecurity-leaks/2013/07/19/id/515984 on July 19, 2013. · Reuters. (2014). Edward Snowden, Glenn Greenwald urge caution of wider government monitoring at Amnesty event. Retrieved from http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-edward-snowden-glenn- greenwald-urge-caution-of-wider-government-monitoring-at-amnesty-event-1975659 on April 6, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 61
References · Reuters. (2014) US' National Security Agency, Struggling to Recruit Top Talent, Turns to Silicon Valley. Retrieved from http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/us-national-security-agency-struggling-to-recruit-top- talent-turns-to-silicon-valley-572704 on August 8, 2014. · Rodriguez, S. (2014). NSA posed as Facebook to infect computers with malware, report says. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-nsa-posing-facebook-malware- 20140312,0,3491724.story#ixzz2yGiHhZJa on March 12, 2014. · RT. (2014). Spooking the spooks: US surveillance system to muzzle rogue agents and leakers. Retrieved from http://rt.com/usa/us-government-internal-monitoring-870/ on March 10, 2014. · RT. (2014). ‘NSA in da house’: German artist lights up US Embassy Retrieved from http://rt.com/news/174196-berlin-artist-obama-embassy/ on July 20, 2014. · RT. (2014). Former CIA director: ‘We kill people based on metadata’. Retrieved from http://rt.com/usa/158460-cia-director-metadata-kill-people/ on May 12, 2014. · Rusbridger, A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). The Guardian Exclusive: Whistleblower says NSA revelations mean those with duty to protect confidentiality must urgently upgrade security. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/17/edward-snowden-professionals-encrypt-client- communications-nsa-spy on July 20, 2014. · Rusbridger, A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). I, spy: Edward Snowden in exile. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/18/-sp-edward-snowden-interview-rusbridger-macaskill on July 19, 2014. · Sanger, D. and Schmidtt, E. (2014). Spy Chief Says Snowden Took Advantage of ‘Perfect Storm’ of Security Lapses. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/us/politics/spy-chief-says-snowden-took- advantage-of-perfect-storm-of-security-lapses.html on February 12, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 62
References · Sardesai, N. (2014). NSA is Working on an Encryption-Cracking Quantum Computer. Retrieved from http://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/2014/01/03/nsa-working-encryption-cracking-quantum-computer/ on March 1, 2014. · Schneier, B. (2013). Snowden's Cryptographer on the NSA & Defending the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kWNk9irv1e8 on March 10, 2014. · Snowden, E. (2014. Edward Snowden’s Testimony to the European Union Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201403/20140307ATT80674/20140307ATT806 74EN.pdf on March 7, 2014. · Snowden, E. (2104). TED Talk: Here’s how we take back the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EomroTpkaYI on March 20, 2014. · Vanity Fair. (2014). Snowden Speaks: A Vanity Fair Exclusive. Retrieved from http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2014/04/edward-snowden-interview on April 9, 2014. · NSA WHISTLEBLOWER: SNOWDEN NEVER HAD ACCESS TO THE JUICIEST DOCUMENTS · Washington's Blog. (2014). NSA WHISTLEBLOWER: SNOWDEN NEVER HAD ACCESS TO THE JUICIEST DOCUMENTS Retrieved from http://www.infowars.com/nsa-whistleblower-snowden-never-had-access-to- the-juiciest-documents/ on June 8, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 63
Career Opportunities? · Yes – The U.S. Government is hiring Cybersecurity Professionals · Private Industry will be picking up more and more Cybersecurity experts August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 64
Special Thanks to William Favre For more: www.about.me/D3pak

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Edward Snowden Data-Breach

  • 1. Its Consequences & Implications 1 Photo Credit: Wired Magazine August 13, 2014 August 14, 2014 The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened;
  • 2. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 2
  • 3. The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened; Its Consequences & Implications for the U.S. and the IT Industry and the Security Industry August 14, 2014
  • 4. D3pak Kumar , C|EH , CHFi , ECSA , CCS , CCF , MCA , OPSEC , CSICS IT security & Digital Forensic Analyst/Researcher For more: www.about.me/D3pak Originally William Favre , M.S. MBA, PMP, CISSP, CISA Owner, Slater Technologies, Inc. Adjunct Professor, IIT School of Applied Technology
  • 5. Government it Edward Snowden’s Christmas Message to America, December 2013 August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 5
  • 6. Agenda · Introduction · What Happened? What Did Edward Snowden Do? · How did he accomplish this? · What has he disclosed? · Consequences · Implications · The Latest Developments on Edward Snowden · Audience Opinion: Do you think Edward Snowden was correct in doing what he did? · Latest Developments on Snowden and Other Stuff · My Own Assessments · NSA Fallout · Conclusion · Questions · References August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 6
  • 7. Introduction · The Edward Snowden 2013 NSA Data Breach was arguably the most damaging (known) data breach to ever impact the U.S. Intelligence Community. This presentation will cover what happened, how it happened, why it happened, the data breach’s consequences, its implications for the future, and how such breaches can be prevented in the future. Edward Snowden Vanity Fair Artwork August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 7
  • 8. Some Previous Bad Security Breaches August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 8
  • 9. Some Previous Bad Security Breaches August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 9
  • 10. Spectacular Data Breaches: 2013 - 2014 Spring 2013 - Edward Snowden August 2014 – Russian Hacker Bot (1.2 Billion User Credentials) December 2013 – Target April 2014 – eBay April 2014 – Heart Bleed, OpenSSL May 2014 – P. F. Chang’s August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 10
  • 11. Gregg Steinhafel Former Target CEO Source: http://docs.ismgcorp.com/files/external/Target_Kill_Chain_Analysis_FINAL.pdf August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 11
  • 12. Russian Hacker BotNet Data Breach · August 2014 – Russians used a BotNet harvest over 1.2 Billion credentials · (Change your passwords) Diagram Source: HP White Paper on Botnets, 4AA3-9451ENW, November 2012 August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 12
  • 13. General Keith Alexander,Vladimir Putin, Reporter for the U.K. Guardian President of Russia The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened;US Cyber Command Persons in the Snowden Data Breach Story Laura Poitras, Reporter Barack Obama, President of the United States Edward J. Snowden, Former NSA Contractor Glen Greenwald, Former NSA Director and Director August 14, 2014 13 Consequences & Implications
  • 14. What Happened? What Did Snowden Do? · In May 2013, after a series of secret communications with two experienced reporters (Laura Poitras and Glenn Greenwald), NSA Contractor and System Administrator Edward Snowden took four laptops, each with a 1 TB drive and flew to Hong Kong and later flew to Russia (supposedly en route to Cuba or South America) · Approximately 1.7 million classified documents were copied and removed from the NSA’s infrastructure while Snowden was on duty in Hawaii · The damage to the National Security of the United States is said to be “incalculable” and the WORST U.S. DATA BREACH EVER. Edward Snowden August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 14
  • 15. The Time Line · June 21, 1983 – Edward J. Snowden born in Elizabeth City, North Carolina · 1999 – Dropped out of High School · 2004 – Joined the U.S. Army Reserve because he was patriotic, later washed out · 2005 - worked s a "security specialist" at the University of Maryland's Center for Advanced Study of Language · 2006 - 2007 - Joined the CIA and worked as a system administrator in Geneva, Switzerland · 2009 - Became a contractor and worked at Dell for the NSA in Japan · 2012 - Was identified as having downloaded several sensitive documents from the NSA · January 2013 – Snowden initiates communications with a New York Times Reporter, Laura Poitras, setting the protocol for strong public key / private key encryption due to fears of being discovered · March 2013 – Snowden joined Booz Allen Hamilton as a systems administrator working for the NSA; moved to Hawaii · May 2013 – Snowden traveled from Hawaii to Hong Kong with Four Laptops; Meets Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras in Hong Kong · June 3 – 5, 2013 – Glen Greenwald published a series of articles in the U.K.’s Guardian newspaper disclosing the extent of the NSA’s surveillance programs, both foreign and domestic spying · June 21, 2013 – At the request of President Barack Obama, the U.S. Department of Justice files (sealed) criminal espionage charges against Snowden and demands extradition August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 15
  • 16. The Time Line · August 1, 2013 – Snowden granted temporary political asylum in Russia by President Vladimir Putin after spending more than four weeks at the Moscow International Airport · March 7, 2014 - Testimony at EU Parliament via teleconference, e-mail, Twitter, and the Internet · March 10, 2014 – SXSW Conference via ACLU sponsored teleconference, Twitter, and the Internet · March 18, 2014 – the ACLU published all NSA documents that Snowden had disclosed so far, in an online database that is searchable by topic, title and date. The URL: https://www.aclu.org/nsa- documents-search · March 18, 2014 – TED Conference Talk via Telepresence Robot, software and the Internet · April 6, 2014 – ACLU Conference via teleconference, e-mail, Twitter, and the Internet · April 8, 2014 – Edward Snowden Interview in Vanity Fair magazine · April 8, 2014 – Edward Snowden Interview in Vanity Fair magazine · May 28, 2014 – Snowden appears on an NBC News Interview with Brian Williams · July 19, 2014 – Article by Rusbridger and MacAskill: I, spy: Edward Snowden in exile Revealed that Oliver Stone will make a Snowden Movie · August 7, 2014 - Snowden gets a 3-year extension on his stay in Russia · August 13, 2014 – Wired Magazine Weekly Article: Edward Snowden: The Most Wanted in the World August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 16
  • 17. How Did Snowden Accomplish His Data Breach? · Violated Trust and Confidence placed in him by the NSA · Social Engineering – Achieved Elevated Privileges and Access by getting colleagues to share their login credentials – Defeating security controls that were designed to compartmentalize data and data access based on a need to know · Intimate knowledge of systems, security management, and weaknesses in controls · Copied data to four Laptops – 1 TB each · Communicated with Reporters starting in January 2013 via encrypted e-mails · Left Hawaii to Hong Kong gave reporters key details · Left Hong Kong for Russia · Communicating now via the Internet (e-mail, secure Snowden at Press Conference in Moscow with Russian Lawyers July 2013 webcast, Twitter, Telepresence Robot control, phone, etc.) August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 17
  • 18. What Has Snowden Disclosed? · Details about – MANY NSA Classified Programs – MANY GCHQ Classified Joint Programs – Spying on Americans – Spying on Allies – Spying on our “Enemies” – Social Engineering and Discrediting Campaign Tactics – NSA working Microsoft, Google, Yahoo. Etc. – Offensive and Defensive Cyberwarfare activities and actors – Workings of the NSA and his job responsibilities – His philosophies and believes about the Government, surveillance, the Internet, and personal freedoms · Promises to disclose a great deal more Edward Snowden August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 18
  • 19. Since 2001 NSA Surveillance Programs – Now Known Pre-2001 Since 2007 GCHQ collabor- ation Discon- tinued ECHELON Main Core MINARET SHAMROCK PROMIS BLARNEY RAGTIME Turbulence PINWALE MAINWAY Upstream PRISM Boundless Informant X-Keyscore Dropmire Fairview Surveillance Detection Unit Bullrun MYSTIC MUSCULAR IMP JTRIG Tempora Mastering the Internet Global Telecoms Exploitation Trailblazer Project ThinThread President's Surveillance Program Terrorist Surveillance Program STELLARWIND Tubine Quantumhand Synapse Disclosed in Detail by Snowden August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 19
  • 20. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 20
  • 21. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 21
  • 22. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 22
  • 23. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 23
  • 24. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 24
  • 25. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 25
  • 26. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 26
  • 27. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 27
  • 28. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 28
  • 29. Slide from Snowden Data Breach, Disclosed by Glen Greenwald. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 29
  • 30. Consequences: How does this affect the NSA and U.S. National Security?  “We have to assume that the Russians know EVERYTHING about our Surveillance Programs…”  One U.S. Government Official  The U.S. will have to go back to the drawing board to create and implement most of the programs that provided the capabilities they want and need  The NSA and other Intelligence gathering agencies must now rethink their human security programs  Fewer people will have access to highly classified data August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 30
  • 31. Consequences: How will this Edward Snowden Compromise Affect the U.S. Government?  Better Risk Assessment and Risk Management Programs  Better security management  More money will be spent creating new surveillance programs and data protection programs  Fewer people will have access to highly classified data  Those with access to data will be watched more carefully  Quicker and Harsher punishment for infractions August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 31
  • 32. (Sealed) Charges Filed Against Edward Snowden · June 21, 2013 – the U.S. filed Criminal Charges Against Former NSA Contractor, Edward Snowden · If convicted, Snowden could get the death penalty Edward Snowden Former NSA Contractor August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 32
  • 33. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 33
  • 34. Consequences: Has anyone lost their job as a result of what Edward Snowden has done? · General Keith Alexander, chief of the NSA, Central Security Service, and U.S. Cyber Command AND his Deputy John Inglis – On October 16, 2013, it was announced that General Alexander, and his Deputy John C. Inglis, were leaving the NSA. This announcement came on the heels of four months of NSA spying revelations spawned by press-leaks made by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. · Most likely some of Snowden’s bosses and colleagues at the NSA and Booz Allen Hamilton were quietly fired General Keith Alexander August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 34
  • 35. Implications: How will the Edward Snowden Compromise Affect the Cybersecurity Career Field?  More qualifications and M.S. Cybersecurity experience  More frequent training  More certifications  More stringent controls – More surveillance – Background checks – Better control of access to data – Two-man policies August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 35
  • 36. Implications: How will the Edward Snowden Compromise Affect Your Career as an IT Professional and/or a Security Professional?  The qualifications bar will be much higher – No more high school drop-outs or GEDs – More certifications, cybersecurity-related degrees  Stronger examination of backgrounds  Expect more oversight August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 36
  • 37. Implications: How would you prevent an Edward Snowden-style Data Breach in your organization if your were the Cybersecurity Director?  Revamp your Risk Assessment and Risk Management Programs  Revamp your Security Management Program – Applying the Control Framework(s) controls that relate to Security Personnel and Asset Management – Training on Security, ethics, etc. – Increased surveillance, controls and accountability – Fewer people should have access to highly classified data – Two-man policies  Apply and use metrics Risk Warning Signs Edward Snowden Routinely wore an EFF Hoodie and had an EFF Sticker on his laptop  Monitor! Monitor! Monitor!  Continuously improve  Train! Train! Train! (NIST SP 800-50 & NIST SP 800-16) Source: http://www.dailydot.com/news/snowden-eff-hoodie/ August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 37
  • 38. Consequences & Implications 38 THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS ON EDWARD SNOWDEN August 14, 2014 The Edward Snowden NSA Data Breach of 2013: How it Happened; Its
  • 39. Snowden’s Advice from Exile · The NSA whistleblower, Edward Snowden, has urged lawyers, journalists,doctors, accountants, priests and others with a duty to protect confidentiality to upgrade security in the wake of the spy surveillance revelations. · Snowden said professionals were failing in their obligations to their clients, sources, patients and parishioners in what he described as a new and challenging world. · "What last year's revelations showed us was irrefutable evidence that unencrypted communications on the internet are no longer safe. Any communications should be encrypted Edward Snowden Former NSA Contractor by default," he said. Rusbridger, A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). The Guardian Exclusive: Whistleblowersays NSA revelations mean those with duty to protect confidentiality must urgently upgradesecurity. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/17/edward-snowden-professionals-encrypt-client- communications-nsa-spyon July 20, 2014. August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 39
  • 40. Edward Snowden’s Revelations at the ACLU Conference 1. Has promised to release MANY more revealing documents 2. Has set up a “Doomsday” release arrangements of all documents in case he is assassinated Edward Snowden August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 40
  • 41. Edward Snowden’s 6 Revelations at the SXSW Conference 1. Bulk Data Collection Doesn't Work 2. There Isn't Much Consumers Can Do to Avoid It 3. The Most Dangerous Men in America Are Michael Hayden and Keith Alexander 4. The Government Still Doesn't Know What Snowden Has 5. The Tech Industry Is Upset 6. Snowden Has No Regrets "The NSA is setting fire to the Internet. You people in the room at SXSW are the firefighters.“ – Edward Snowden Edward Snowden Live via Secure Webcast at the SXSW Conference March 11, 2014 6 Things Edward Snowden Revealed at SXSW http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2454827,00.asp August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 41
  • 42. Edward Snowden’s 7 Revelations During the May 2014 NBC News Interview 1. Says the U.S. “stranded” him is Russia by revoking his U.S. Passport 2. Says he was trained as a “Spy” 3. Feels justified as a “whistleblower” and that it was his duty to report the “illegal surveillance of Americans”. 4. Says he cannot possibly receive a “fair trial” because what he has done would have to be tried in a secret court under the Espionage Act 5. Is Outraged at the Russian Government requiring registration of bloggers 6. Snowden Has No Regrets 7. Says he misses the U.S. and wishes he could return Edward Snowden: NBC News Interview With Brian Williams on May 28, 2014 Inside the Mind of Edward Snowden: NBC News Interview in Russia with Brian Williams http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/edward-snowden-interview/exclusive-edward-snowden-tells-brian-williams-u-s-stranded-him-n116096 August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 42
  • 43. The EU Parliament in a show of Solidarity for Edward Snowden and his disclosures votes in support of anti-spying measures August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 43
  • 44. Rusbridger,A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). I, spy: EdwardSnowden inexile. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/18/-sp-edward-snowden- interview-rusbridger-macaskill on July 19, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 44
  • 45. Edward Snowden Granted a Three-Year Extension in Russia · August 7, 2014 - Snowden’s lawyer, Analtoly Kucherena, was quoted by Russian news agencies as saying Snowden now has been granted residency for three more years, but that he had not been granted political asylum. Edward Snowden Source: Edward Snowden Gets Permission To Stay In Russia For 3 More Years: Lawyer, Jim Heintz http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/07/edward-snowden-russia_n_5657481.html August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 45
  • 46. Edward Snowden on the Cover of Wired Magazine (Weekly) – August 13, 2014 · August 13, 2014 – Wired Magazine online article: Snowden: The Untold Story: The Most Wanted Man in the World Bamford, J. (2014). Edward Snowden: The Most Wanted Man in the World. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/2014/08/edward-snowden/. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 46
  • 47. Opinion: Do You Think Edward Snowden Was Correct in Doing What He Did? · Let’s take a vote using a show of hands Snowden was WRONG Snowden was RIGHT August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 47
  • 48. Poll Results: Do You Think Edward Snowden Was Correct in Doing What He Did? August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 48
  • 49. Anecdotal Advice to Prevent an Edward Snowden Event in your Organization: 1. Vet your staff members carefully with background checks. 2. Monitor your members’ work and behaviors 3. Never hire a high school drop-out. 4. Train your system administrators on a Code of Ethics: http://1drv.ms/QjMcjw 5. Train your entire staff about what Social Engineering is, how it works, and how to protect against it. 6. Read this paper about Hacking Humans: http://www.billslater.com/writing/Hacking_Humans_f rom_W_F_Slater_v1_2013_0219_.pdf August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 49
  • 50. My Own Assessments · Snowden has mental issues. Inferiority complex and a megalomaniac · Snowden is a major TRAITOR, and he has hurt the U.S. Its security and dishonored himself and his profession · Snowden is still in grave danger · Snowden gravitates toward the limelight to remind the World that he is still alive · If Snowden really wants to live, he would be better off if he would learn the Russian language, history, & culture, and ultimately apply for Russian Citizenship August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 50
  • 51. NSA Bulk Data Surveillance Programs International Security. (2014). Do NSA's Bulk Surveillance Programs Stop Terrorism? Retrieved from http://securitydata.newamerica.net/nsa/analysis on August 7, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 51
  • 52. NSA Fallout · US' National Security Agency, Struggling to Recruit Top Talent, Turns to Silicon Valley · Snowden reveals that NSA personnel distributed nude pictures of American citizens · NSA now hated and mistrusted in the U.S. and around the world U.S. Embassy in Berlin, Germany August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 52
  • 53. Conclusions  Despite billions of dollars of planning, engineering and administration, the human element proved to be the weakest link  A lot of security REENGINEERING will need to take place  A lot of money, time, and energy will be required to get it corrected  Things will get more complicated for Management and Cybersecurity professionals  Greater vetting efforts and compartmentalization of data  Expect that highly-trained, high-skilled, trustworthy cybersecurity professionals and managers will be more valuable and in demand August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 53
  • 54. Parting Thoughts · To understand the Genesis of U.S. Government Surveillance and the Power that has now accumulated in the Executive Branch of the U.S. Federal Government, please view this very brief August 17, 1975 video with prescient comments about powerful and growing surveillance capabilities, “Government Tyranny” and “the Abyss” by Senator Frank Church, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Intelligence Activities on NBC’s Meet the Press. Senator Frank Church · My advice: Save this information. Source: NBC NEWS Meet the press Interview with Senator Frank Church Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAG1N4a84Dk August 14, 2014 TheEdwardSnowdenNSA DataBreach of2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences &Implications 54
  • 55. The End… of The Beginning The Brand New 1 million square foot NSA Data Center in Bluffdale, Utah This 100 MW Facility will hold 12 Exabytes of Data It houses EVERYONE’s Data August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 55
  • 56. Questions? August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 56
  • 57. References August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 57
  • 58. References · ACLU. (2014). President Obama: Grant Edward Snowden Immunity Now. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/secure/grant_snowden_immunity on March 18, 2014. · ANI. (2014). White House cyber security chief says damage done by Edward Snowden will take decades to repair. Retrieved from http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-white-house-cyber-security-chief-says-damage-done-by- edward-snowden-will-take-decades-to-repair-1973325 on April 5, 2014, · Anonymous, (2104). Edward Snowden, A Truth Unveiled (Documentary). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSXlKdWF5HE on March 20, 2014. · Associated Press. (2014). Everyone is under surveillance now, says whistleblower Edward Snowden. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/03/everyone-is-under-surveillance-now-says-whistleblower- edward-snowden on May 3, 2014. · Bamford, J. (2014). Edward Snowden: The Most Wanted Man in the World. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/2014/08/edward-snowden/ on August 13, 2014. · Batley, M. (2014). Clapper: Snowden Took Advantage of 'Perfect Storm' of Security Lapses. Retrieved from http://www.newsmax.com/US/Edward-Snowden-James-Clapper-NSA-intelligence/2014/02/12/id/552327 on February 12, 2014. · Boyle, D. (2014). Edward Snowden was in Moscow's sights six years before leaking U.S. secrets claims former KGB agent. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2651973/Edward-Snowden-Moscows-sights-six- years-leaking-U-S-secrets-claims-former-KGB-agent.html on June 12, 2014. · Campbell, B. (2014). The story of Edward Snowden is so unbelievable, sometimes you forget it's nonfiction Retrieved from http://www.pri.org/stories/2014-02-14/story-edward-snowden-so-unbelievable-sometimes-you- forget-its-nonfiction on February 15, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA Da ta Breach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 58
  • 59. References · Cohen, T. Military spy chief: Have to assume Russia knows U.S. secrets. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/07/politics/snowden-leaks-russia/index.html on March 9, 2014. · Coleman, G. (2014). The Latest Snowden Revelation Is Dangerous for Anonymous — And for All of Us. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/opinion/2014/02/comes-around-goes-around-latest-snowden- revelation-isnt-just-dangerous-anonymous-us/ on February 4, 2014. · Cook, J. (2014). Cryptome: Remaining Snowden docs will be released to avert ‘unspecified US war’ in July 2014. retrieved from http://benswann.com/cryptome-remaining-snowden-docs-will-be-released-to-avert- unspecified-us-war-in-july/ on July 3, 2014. · Decrypted Matrix. (2014). An NSA Coworker Remembers The Real Edward Snowden: ‘A Genius Among Geniuses’. Retrieved from https://decryptedmatrix.com/live/an-nsa-coworker-remembers-the-real-edward- snowden-a-genius-among-geniuses/ on March 31, 2014. · Farrell, H. (2014). The political science of cybersecurity IV: How Edward Snowden helps U.S. deterrence. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/12/the-political-science-of- cybersecurity-iv-how-edward-snowden-helps-u-s-deterrence/ on March 12, 2014. · Forrest, H. (2014). Monday, March 10: Edward Snowden to Speak at SXSW Interactive Via Videoconference. Retrieved from http://sxsw.com/interactive/news/2014/monday-march-10-edward-snowden-speak-sxsw- interactive-videoconference on March 10, 2014. · Free Man’s Perspective. (2014). YES, YOU ARE BEING MANIPULATED BY YOUR GOVERNMENT. Retrieved from http://www.freemansperspective.com/governments-manipulate/ on March 20, 2014. · Friedersdorf, C. (2014). The Latest Snowden Leak Is Devastating to NSA Defenders. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/07/a-devastating-leak-for-edward-snowdens- critics/373991/ on July 7, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 59
  • 60. References · Gallagher, R. and Greenwald, G. (2104). How the NSA Plans to Infect ‘Millions’ of Computers with Malware. Retrieved from https://firstlook.org/theintercept/article/2014/03/12/nsa-plans-infect-millions- computers-malware/ on March 12, 2014. · Greenwald, G. (2014). No Place to Hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. Surveillance State Metropolitan Books. · Gross, G. (2014). House approves effort to limit NSA searches of US data. Retrieved from · http://www.itworld.com/internet/423824/house-approves-effort-limit-nsa-searches-us-data on June 19, 2014. · Gurnow, M. (2014). The Edward Snowden Affair: Exposing the Politics and Media Behind the NSA Scandal. Blue River Press, Inc. · Harding, L. (2014). The Snowden Files: The Inside Story of the World's Most Wanted Man. Random House, LLC. · Heintz, J. (2014). Edward Snowden Gets Permission To Stay In Russia For 3 More Years: Lawyer. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/07/edward-snowden-russia_n_5657481.html on August 7, 2014. · Huffington Post. (2014). Bill Gates: Edward Snowden Is No Hero. Retrieved from http://live.huffingtonpost.com/r/archive/segment/bill-gates-edward-snowden-is-no- hero/5323697e78c90a1ede00033b on March 16, 2014. · International Security. (2014). Do NSA's Bulk Surveillance Programs Stop Terrorism? Retrieved from http://securitydata.newamerica.net/nsa/analysis on August 7, 2014. · Kelly, M. B. (2014). A Former Obama Cabinet Official Made The Strongest Snowden Allegation Yet. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/former-obama-official-snowden-is-a-spy-2014-5 on May 5, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implication 60
  • 61. References · Leopold, J. (2014). EXCLUSIVE: EMAILS REVEAL CLOSE GOOGLE RELATIONSHIP WITH NSA. Retrieved from http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/5/6/nsa-chief-google.html on May 6, 2014. · Lucas, E. (2014). The Snowden Operation: Inside the West's Greatest Intelligence Disaster. Amazon Digital Services. · Maass, P. (2013). How Laura Poitras Helped Snowden Spill His Secrets. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/18/magazine/laura-poitras-snowden.html on April 3, 2014. · Mirkinson, J. (2014). Brian Williams Scores Edward Snowden's First American Television Interview. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/22/brian-williams-edward-snowden- interview_n_5374024.html on May 22, 2014. · Meyer, D. (2014). Edward Snowden tells European Parliament how local spies aid NSA surveillance. Retrieved from http://gigaom.com/2014/03/07/edward-snowden-gives-testimony-to-european- parliament-surveillance-inquiry/ on March 7, 2014. · Moyers, B. (2014). Anatomy of the Deep State. http://billmoyers.com/2014/02/21/anatomy-of-the-deep- state/ on March 31, 2014. · NBC News. (2014). Citizens' Racy Photos Shared Among NSA Workers, Snowden Says. http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/nsa-snooping/citizens-racy-photos-shared-among-nsa-workers- snowden-says-n160916, retrieved on July 23, 2014. · Newsmax. (2013). NSA, Military Beef-Up Cybersecurity Measures in Wake of Leaks. Retrieved from http://www.newsmax.com/US/NSA-Military-cybersecurity-leaks/2013/07/19/id/515984 on July 19, 2013. · Reuters. (2014). Edward Snowden, Glenn Greenwald urge caution of wider government monitoring at Amnesty event. Retrieved from http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-edward-snowden-glenn- greenwald-urge-caution-of-wider-government-monitoring-at-amnesty-event-1975659 on April 6, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 61
  • 62. References · Reuters. (2014) US' National Security Agency, Struggling to Recruit Top Talent, Turns to Silicon Valley. Retrieved from http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/us-national-security-agency-struggling-to-recruit-top- talent-turns-to-silicon-valley-572704 on August 8, 2014. · Rodriguez, S. (2014). NSA posed as Facebook to infect computers with malware, report says. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-nsa-posing-facebook-malware- 20140312,0,3491724.story#ixzz2yGiHhZJa on March 12, 2014. · RT. (2014). Spooking the spooks: US surveillance system to muzzle rogue agents and leakers. Retrieved from http://rt.com/usa/us-government-internal-monitoring-870/ on March 10, 2014. · RT. (2014). ‘NSA in da house’: German artist lights up US Embassy Retrieved from http://rt.com/news/174196-berlin-artist-obama-embassy/ on July 20, 2014. · RT. (2014). Former CIA director: ‘We kill people based on metadata’. Retrieved from http://rt.com/usa/158460-cia-director-metadata-kill-people/ on May 12, 2014. · Rusbridger, A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). The Guardian Exclusive: Whistleblower says NSA revelations mean those with duty to protect confidentiality must urgently upgrade security. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/17/edward-snowden-professionals-encrypt-client- communications-nsa-spy on July 20, 2014. · Rusbridger, A. and MacAskill, E. (2014). I, spy: Edward Snowden in exile. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/18/-sp-edward-snowden-interview-rusbridger-macaskill on July 19, 2014. · Sanger, D. and Schmidtt, E. (2014). Spy Chief Says Snowden Took Advantage of ‘Perfect Storm’ of Security Lapses. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/us/politics/spy-chief-says-snowden-took- advantage-of-perfect-storm-of-security-lapses.html on February 12, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 62
  • 63. References · Sardesai, N. (2014). NSA is Working on an Encryption-Cracking Quantum Computer. Retrieved from http://www.cryptocoinsnews.com/2014/01/03/nsa-working-encryption-cracking-quantum-computer/ on March 1, 2014. · Schneier, B. (2013). Snowden's Cryptographer on the NSA & Defending the Internet. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kWNk9irv1e8 on March 10, 2014. · Snowden, E. (2014. Edward Snowden’s Testimony to the European Union Parliament. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201403/20140307ATT80674/20140307ATT806 74EN.pdf on March 7, 2014. · Snowden, E. (2104). TED Talk: Here’s how we take back the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EomroTpkaYI on March 20, 2014. · Vanity Fair. (2014). Snowden Speaks: A Vanity Fair Exclusive. Retrieved from http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2014/04/edward-snowden-interview on April 9, 2014. · NSA WHISTLEBLOWER: SNOWDEN NEVER HAD ACCESS TO THE JUICIEST DOCUMENTS · Washington's Blog. (2014). NSA WHISTLEBLOWER: SNOWDEN NEVER HAD ACCESS TO THE JUICIEST DOCUMENTS Retrieved from http://www.infowars.com/nsa-whistleblower-snowden-never-had-access-to- the-juiciest-documents/ on June 8, 2014. August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 63
  • 64. Career Opportunities? · Yes – The U.S. Government is hiring Cybersecurity Professionals · Private Industry will be picking up more and more Cybersecurity experts August 14, 2014 The EdwardSnowden NSA DataBreach of 2013: How it Happened;Its Consequences & Implications 64
  • 65. Special Thanks to William Favre For more: www.about.me/D3pak