Effect of Azotobactor inoculation with Nitrogen levels on Yield and Quality of Chilli.
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The document presents a study on the effects of nitrogen and azotobacter on the yield and quality of chillies conducted in Lamjung, Nepal. Key findings indicate that increased nitrogen levels enhance vegetative growth, fruit weight, plant height, and number of seeds per fruit, while azotobacter improves nutrient availability and seed germination. The results show significant variations in growth metrics based on nitrogen application and azotobacter inoculation levels, with implications for optimizing chilli cultivation.
![ Highest fruit weight: 8.23 gm @100 kg N ha-1
Least weight: 4.9 gm no N.
Highest fruit weight: 8.15gm seedlings inoculation
Increasing nitrogen fertilizers increases the average fruit
weight and volume of pepper[Bar et al. (2001), Magdatena
(2003), Akanbi et al. (2007) and Aujla et al. (2007)].
Fruit weight heavier in pre-plant than split
application(Wiedenfeld 1986).
Higher Nitrogen level promotes uptake of N, P & k
Promotes chlorophyll content and raise photosynthesis](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptofproject-150724091120-lva1-app6892/85/Effect-of-Azotobactor-inoculation-with-Nitrogen-levels-on-Yield-and-Quality-of-Chilli-15-320.jpg)
Effect of Azotobactor inoculation with Nitrogen levels on Yield and Quality of Chilli.
- 1. Prepared by: Santosh Pathak IAAS, Lamjung Campus
- 2. Introduction The important vegetable-cum-spice crops of Nepal botanically referred to as genus Capsicum. The native to the Tropical South America and Brazil. Two species such as C. annuum and C. frutescens are commonly cultivated throughout the world. India-largest producer of chilli in the world (Khan and Raj, 2006) Good source of vitamins A, C, E, B1and B2, Potassium, phosphorus and calcium. High amount of antioxidant, capsaicin and capsicum as main active substances.
- 3. Nitrogen Very much essential for good plant establishment and expected growth. The main constituent of all amino acids in proteins and lipids that acting as structural compounds of the chloroplast. An integral component of nucleotides, chlorophyll, chromosomes, genes, ribosomes and also a constituent of all enzymes. Nitrogen fertilizer increased fruit weight, yield and fruit number of chilli peppers (Tumbare et al. 2004). Growth and poor color which are due basically to lack of production of protein - N defficit
- 4. Azotobacter Motile coccal shaped, Gram negative bacterium. Highly versatile in utilizing carbon sources. Utilize atmospheric nitrogen gas for their cell protein synthesis. Also a phosphate solubilizing bacteria Functions : 1. Fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the rhizosphere. 2. The production of indol acetic acid and gibberellins. 3. Produce thiamin, riboflavin, nicotine and improves seed germination and control plant diseases. 4. Can also biodegrade chlorine-containing aromatic compounds
- 5. Methodology A study was conducted in vegetable block of IAAS, Lamjung, during the summer season, 2014 to find out the yield and quality of chilly by application of nitrogen and azotobacter Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication 3 levels of nitrogenous fertilizer viz. 0, 50, 100 kg/ha N Level of azotobacter inoculation viz no inoculation, soil inoculation and Seedling inoculation. 27 plots and 20 plants in each experimental plot 4 rows in each plot, each row containing four plants Plot size:4.05 m2 (2.25m ×1.8m). Plant spacing : 45cm × 45cm
- 6. Total area -163.62 m2 (18.7 m X 8.75 m) Spacing between replication blocks in rows=50 cm Spacing between treatments=25 cm Data were taken on : 1. Days of flowering 2. Plant height 3. Stem diameter 4. Fruit length 5. Fruit weight 6. No of seeds per fruit 7. Physiological weight loss 8. Final fruit yield 9. Dry weight NS1701 Variety transplanted
- 7. Treatments Replication 1 Replication 2 Replication 3 T1 N1A1 N1A1 N1A1 T2 N1A2 N1A2 N1A2 T3 N1A3 N1A3 N1A3 T4 N2A1 N2A1 N2A1 T5 N2A2 N2A2 N2A2 T6 N2A3 N2A3 N2A3 T7 N3A1 N3A1 N3A1 T8 N3A2 N3A2 N3A2 T9 N3A3 N3A3 N3A3
- 8. Result and Discussion Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Flowering Nitrogen and azotobacter non-significant Interaction highly significant Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on flowering
- 9. High doses of nitrogen delayed flowering and enhanced vegetative growth (Naem et. al 2002) First flowering and 50% flowering were delayed by 4-6 days to plants receiving the highest rate of fertilizer (Shrivastava 1996) The nitrogen which promotes the vegetative growth and suppresses the reproductive growth. Azotobacter also make available of nitrogen to the plants and enhance vegetative growth
- 10. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Plant height Nitrogen significant. Azotobacter not significant. Interaction significant 66.22 71.99 67.66 62.16 74 72.29 68.8 67.77 82.22 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3 Mean plant Ht. (cm) Mean plant Ht. Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on Plant height
- 11. The highest plant height = 74.06 cm @100 kg N ha-1 The lowest plant height = 65.73 cm @ control treatment. Significantly increased by increasing different levels of Nitrogen (Bhuvaneswari et.al., 2013). Due to higher availability of N and their uptake Azotobacter a phosphate solubilizing bacteria which make unavailable phosphorus available to plant for proper growth and development of plant ( Bhattacharyya and Jha, 2012) Main constituent of chlorophyll Provided required nitrogen for proper growth and development hence increased plant height. Phosphate solublizing property of azatobactor plays important role in the overall growth and development of chilly plant.
- 12. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Stem diameter Nitrogen significant. Azotobacter significant. Interaction significant 1.05 0.97 1.56 1.38 1.53 1.23 1.25 1.38 2.18 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3 Stem Diameter (cm) Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on Stem Diameter
- 13. The largest stem diameter = 1.66cm@ 100 kg ha-1 The smallest stem diameter = 1.22cm @ conrtol nitrogen. Largest diameter =1.60cm @ seedling inoculation with azotobacter Smallest stem diameter = 1.19 cm @ no inoculation Increasing N application rate, increased stem thickness on tabasco pepper (Sundstrom 1984) Availability of nitrogen enhances vascular growth of stem azotobacter make availability of N2 and Phosphorus which promotes stem diameter of chilly plant Nitrogen and Phosphorus enhance cambium tissue and cell division
- 14. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Fruit weight Nitrogen and Azotobacter Highly significant Interaction significant Fig . Effect of Nitrogen and azotobacter on Fruit weight
- 15. Highest fruit weight: 8.23 gm @100 kg N ha-1 Least weight: 4.9 gm no N. Highest fruit weight: 8.15gm seedlings inoculation Increasing nitrogen fertilizers increases the average fruit weight and volume of pepper[Bar et al. (2001), Magdatena (2003), Akanbi et al. (2007) and Aujla et al. (2007)]. Fruit weight heavier in pre-plant than split application(Wiedenfeld 1986). Higher Nitrogen level promotes uptake of N, P & k Promotes chlorophyll content and raise photosynthesis
- 16. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on fruit length Nitrogen non-significant. Azotobacter significant. Interaction non-significant 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A1 A2 A3 Fruit Length (cm) Fig . Effect of azotobacter on Fruit length
- 17. Increased in fruit length with increase in level of nitrogen (Khan et al., 2014 ) Improvement in fruit size with increase in N level ( T Lal and Pundrik) It was not accordance with our result because of cattle consumption, insect-pest , diseases and unfavourable climatic condition and management. Azotobacter somehow promotes fruit length.
- 18. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on physiological loss Nitrogen Highly significant. Azotobacter significant. Interaction Highly significant 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3 Physiological Loss (%) Physiological Loss (%) Fig . Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on physiological loss
- 19. Highest physiological loss : 36.69 % @ 100 kg N ha-1. Lowest physiological loss : 18.61% at control Highest physiological loss : 33.29 % when seedling was inoculated Lowest physiological loss :23.67% no inoculation Physiological loss directly proportional to the succulence of the plants. As nitrogen increase succulency of tissues increases and made them favourable for loss due to transpiration, guttation and evapotranspiration. High doses of nitrogen also make epidermal layer more permeable and cause loss. Similarly azotobacter also raise N availability and cause same effect as high doses of nitrogen does
- 20. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on number of seeds per fruit Nitrogen significant. Azotobacter significant. Interaction significant Fig . Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on number of seeds per fruit
- 21. Highest number of seeds per fruit: 110 @ 100 kg N ha-1 Lowest number of seeds : 81.87 at no application of N Highest number of seeds per fruit :104.89 @ seedling inoculation Lowest number of seeds per fruit :82.31 @ no inoculation Higher nitrogen, maximum number of seeds fruit-1 (Subani , 1990) Increase in number of fruit length , to increase seeds fruit-1 Azotobacter, N available to plant and promotes fruit length, increase no of seeds fruit-1
- 22. Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on Final fruit yield Nitrogen non- significant. Azotobacter non-significant. Interaction significant 353 386 416.67 228 750 488.47 753.5 324 660.67 A1N1 A1N2 A1N3 A2N1 A2N2 A2N3 A3N1 A3N2 A3N3 Fruit Yield Fruit Yield (gm) Fig . Effect of nitrogen and azotobacter on final fruit yield
- 23. Increase of N, the fruit yield increased up to a certain level(Hasan,1978). Pandey, Singh et al and Kumar (2013), increase in yield with higher N. Higher amount of nitrogen for promotion of better carbohydrates utilization to form more protoplasm and cell. The chilly field inoculated with azotobacter , more yields. Because of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solublizing property, phytohormone production, anti fungal property and systemic resistance, The fruit and flower drop problem and disease problem minimized thus yield more .
- 24. Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on dry weight (%) Nitrogen highly significant. Azotobacter highly significant. Interaction non-significant 0 5 10 15 20 N1 N2 N3 dry wt (%) dry wt (%) Fig . Effect of nitrogen on dry wt
- 25. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 A1 A2 A3 dry wt dry wt Fig . Effect of azotobactor on dry wt
- 26. The dry chilli yield increased significantly with increasing N (Das et. al.1992). Nitrogen raise fruit yield thus raise dry weight Similarly seedling inoculation increased fruit yield Nitrogen favours dry matter accumulation Azotobacter also promotes dry matter accumulation through availability of P & N