EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES
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This document discusses the effects of surface modification through plasma treatment on the comfort properties of lyocell fabric used as an inner layer in multilayered technical textiles. It reports significant improvements in wicking and air permeability while noting that water vapor permeability is better in untreated fabrics. The findings indicate that plasma treatment enhances the suitability of lyocell fabric for applications requiring high comfort characteristics.
![International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 13
Cite this article as: Dr. T. Ramachandran, L. Hari Gopalakrishnan. “EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION
ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES.”
International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology
(2015): 13-16. Print.
International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and
Technology 2015 [ICSSCCET 2015]
ISBN 978-81-929866-1-6 VOL 01
Website icssccet.org eMail icssccet@asdf.res.in
Received 10 - July - 2015 Accepted 31- July - 2015
Article ID ICSSCCET004 eAID ICSSCCET.2015.004
EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT
PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN
MULTILAYEREDTECHNICALTEXTILES
Dr. T. Ramachandran1
, L.Hari Gopalakrishnan2
1
Principal, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
2
Department of Textile Technology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India
ABSTRACT: Lyocell microfibre fabrics were produced using rapier weaving machine, which is to be used as inner layer while developing the
Multilayered Technical Tecxtiles. The lyocell microfibre fabric has been treated with plasma using low pressure Oxygen. Then the plasma treated and
untreated fabrics were dyed using reactive dyes. The dyed lyocell fabrics of plasma treated and untreated were tested for the comfort properties such as
Wickablity, Air Permeablilty and Water Vapour Permeablilty. The results of the study confirmed that there is a significant improvments in Wickablilty
and Air permeablilty of plasma treated fabrics which are essential characteristics for inner layer of the Multilayered Technical Textiles. The significant
improvements due to new porus in the treated fabrics allow more air to penterate and also to increase the Wickablilty. Where as the Water Vapour
Permeablilty characteristics of the untreated fabric have better results than plasma treated fabrics due to new etching on the surface of the treated fabrics
which retain more vapour than untreated fabrics. The Plasma treated lyocell fabric can be used as inner layer for the development of Multilayered
Technical Textiles.
Keywords: Microfibre, Lyocell, Plasma, Reactive, Water Vapour, Wicking, Multilayered Fabrics.
1. INTRODUCTION
The plasma is an ionized gas and at a high temperatur the molecules in the ionized gas gain energy. The energy is used to modify the
surface of the textile materials to produced new pours and etching effects.This resulting in improvements in certain characteristics of
textiles material such as absorbency,wickablilty and air permeablilty when compare to conventional fabrics. From an ecological point
of view plasma technology has many advantages such as ecofriendly and less pollution when compared to conventional methods of
chemical wet processing.
Recently, plasma treatments have been investigated for producing hygroscopicity in fibers, making them more comfort which suit for sports
and active wear. Plasma treatment of polymers results in etching and changes in a microstructure on the surface by occurrence of new
functional groups and cross linking of macromolecular chains.
This paper is prepared exclusively for International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 2015 [ICSSCCET]
which is published by ASDF International, Registered in London, United Kingdom. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, and that copies bear this
notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honoured. For all other uses, contact the
owner/author(s). Copyright Holder can be reached at copy@asdf.international for distribution.
2015 © Reserved by ASDF.international](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icssccet2015004-160128131226/85/EFFECT-OF-SURFACE-MODIFICATION-ON-COMFORT-PROPERTIES-OF-INNER-LAYER-LYOCELL-FABRIC-IN-MULTILAYERED-TECHNICAL-TEXTILES-1-320.jpg)
![International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 15
Cite this article as: Dr. T. Ramachandran, L. Hari Gopalakrishnan. “EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION
ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES.”
International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology
(2015): 13-16. Print.
The improvements in the wickability of plasma treated samples are due to the enhancement in the surface roughness property. It is
because of the introduction of polar groups which are generated during the oxygen plasma treatements. The wickablity of warp is
39.5% and weft is 27.90%.
3.2AIRPERMEABILITY
In Airpermeablility test the plasma treated and untreated samples have been assessing by usingISO 9237 standard methods.The Air permeablilityin of
plasma treated sample is 74.16* (cm3cm2
sec) and untreated samples is 56.66*(cm3cm2
sec). The plasma treated samples have 30% more air
permeability due to the formation of new pores on the surface of the fabric. The untreated sample has lowervalue thanplasma treatedfabric.
*indicates that the samples were statistically significant.
3.3 WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY
In water vapour permeability test, the plasma treated and untreated samples were weighing in grams before and after water vapour
treatment. The difference in mass is converted into water vapour permeablility values which are given in Table 2
Table2 WwaterVapourPermeabilityfor untreatedandplasma treatedfabricsamples
S No Sample Name WeightinGrams
[Beforetest]M1
Ingrams
WeightinGrams
[After test]M2
Ingrams
Lossof Massin grams
M [M1-M2]ingrams
WaterVapour
Permeability
[g/m2
/day]
1 Plasma treated Sample 140.23 132.80 2.43 2155.49*
2 UntreatedSample 139.24 136.55 2.69 2386.12*
*indicates that the samples were statistically significant.
In table 2 indicate that the moisture vapour permeability of the plasma treated sample is lowered than the untreated
samples. This may be due to the surface etching that occurs due to the plasma treatment. Surface etching opens the fibres on
the surface of fabric which in turn hinders the flow of water vapourthrough thefabric.
4.CONCLUSION
In the development of multilayered fabrics, the inner layer fabric sholud have better wickability and airpermeabliltiy properties in view
of comfort characteristics. In this work, the effect of surface modification on comfort properties of inner layer lyocell fabric has been
studyed. The air permeablility of plasma treated fabric has been increased to 30 % when compare with untrearted fabric, it is due to
new porus has been developed on the surface during plasma treatment which allows more air to pentrate. Smillarlly the wickablity
characteristics of plasma treated fabrics has been increased in the range of 28 to 40 %. This is due to its etching nature on the surface
while doing plasma treatement. Where as the water vapour permeablilty of untreated sample has more as compared to plasma treated
sample, it may be due to the pours imparts during the plasma treatements accumulates more water vapour than untreared fabrcis.
5.REFERENCE
1. Shishoo.R,plasmatechnologyfortextiles,2007,Woodheadpublishing.
2. Keiko Gotoh and Akemi Yasukawa., "Atmospheric pressure plasma modification of polyester fabric for improvementoftextile-
specificproperties",TextileResearchJournal,2010,81:368.
3. MoriM and Inagaki N., "Relationship between anti-felting properties and physicochemical properties of wool fibrestreatedwithAir-
plasma",TextileResearchJournal,2006,79:687-694.
4. CanalC,ErraP,MolinaRandBertranE.,"Regulationofsurfacehydrophilicityofplasmatreatedwoolfabrics",TextileResearchJournal,
2007,77:559-564.
5. Moravej M, Yang X, Hicks RF, Penelon J and Babayan SE., "A radio-frequency nonequilibrium atmospheric pressureplasma
operationwithargonandoxygen",JournalofAppliedPhysics,2006,99:093305.6.S.Mukhopadhyay.S&Ramakrishnan.G.,Microfibres,
TextileProgress,2008,40:1,1-86.
6. Marija Gorjanc, Vili Bukošek and Marija Gorenšek, "The Influence of Water Vapor Plasma Treatment on SpecificPropertiesof
BleachedandMercerizedCottonFabric",TextileResearchJournal,2010,80:557.
7. MuryamNaebe,PeterG.Cookson,JohnRippon,RexPeterBrady,XungaiWang,NarelleBrackandGrantvanRiessen., "Effects of
Plasma Treatment of Wool on the Uptake of Sulfonated Dyes with Different Hydrophobic",TextileResearchJournal,2010,80(7).
611-622.
8. C.M.Mak, C.W.M Yuen, S. K. A.Ku & C.W. Kan, "Low-temperature plasma treatment of Tencel", Journal Of TextileInstitute,2006,
vol97(6), pg533-540.
9. B.P.Saville.,PhysicalTestingofTextiles,Jan1999,WoodheadPublishingLimited.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/icssccet2015004-160128131226/85/EFFECT-OF-SURFACE-MODIFICATION-ON-COMFORT-PROPERTIES-OF-INNER-LAYER-LYOCELL-FABRIC-IN-MULTILAYERED-TECHNICAL-TEXTILES-3-320.jpg)
EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES
- 1. International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 13 Cite this article as: Dr. T. Ramachandran, L. Hari Gopalakrishnan. “EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES.” International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology (2015): 13-16. Print. International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 2015 [ICSSCCET 2015] ISBN 978-81-929866-1-6 VOL 01 Website icssccet.org eMail icssccet@asdf.res.in Received 10 - July - 2015 Accepted 31- July - 2015 Article ID ICSSCCET004 eAID ICSSCCET.2015.004 EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYEREDTECHNICALTEXTILES Dr. T. Ramachandran1 , L.Hari Gopalakrishnan2 1 Principal, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India. 2 Department of Textile Technology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India ABSTRACT: Lyocell microfibre fabrics were produced using rapier weaving machine, which is to be used as inner layer while developing the Multilayered Technical Tecxtiles. The lyocell microfibre fabric has been treated with plasma using low pressure Oxygen. Then the plasma treated and untreated fabrics were dyed using reactive dyes. The dyed lyocell fabrics of plasma treated and untreated were tested for the comfort properties such as Wickablity, Air Permeablilty and Water Vapour Permeablilty. The results of the study confirmed that there is a significant improvments in Wickablilty and Air permeablilty of plasma treated fabrics which are essential characteristics for inner layer of the Multilayered Technical Textiles. The significant improvements due to new porus in the treated fabrics allow more air to penterate and also to increase the Wickablilty. Where as the Water Vapour Permeablilty characteristics of the untreated fabric have better results than plasma treated fabrics due to new etching on the surface of the treated fabrics which retain more vapour than untreated fabrics. The Plasma treated lyocell fabric can be used as inner layer for the development of Multilayered Technical Textiles. Keywords: Microfibre, Lyocell, Plasma, Reactive, Water Vapour, Wicking, Multilayered Fabrics. 1. INTRODUCTION The plasma is an ionized gas and at a high temperatur the molecules in the ionized gas gain energy. The energy is used to modify the surface of the textile materials to produced new pours and etching effects.This resulting in improvements in certain characteristics of textiles material such as absorbency,wickablilty and air permeablilty when compare to conventional fabrics. From an ecological point of view plasma technology has many advantages such as ecofriendly and less pollution when compared to conventional methods of chemical wet processing. Recently, plasma treatments have been investigated for producing hygroscopicity in fibers, making them more comfort which suit for sports and active wear. Plasma treatment of polymers results in etching and changes in a microstructure on the surface by occurrence of new functional groups and cross linking of macromolecular chains. This paper is prepared exclusively for International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 2015 [ICSSCCET] which is published by ASDF International, Registered in London, United Kingdom. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honoured. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). Copyright Holder can be reached at copy@asdf.international for distribution. 2015 © Reserved by ASDF.international
- 2. International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 14 Cite this article as: Dr. T. Ramachandran, L. Hari Gopalakrishnan. “EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES.” International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology (2015): 13-16. Print. Plasma processes have been utilized to improve the surface properties of fibres in many applications. The fibres that can be modified by plasma include almost all kinds of fibres, likes metallic fibres, glass fibres, carbon fibres and organic fibres. Microfibers are very fine fiber compared to conventional fibers that define its unique and desirable properties. Microfibers are synthetic fibres that are finer than any other natural fibres. Microfibers are usually produced in polyester,polyamide, acrylic, modal,Lyocell and viscoseintherange of0.5-1.2dtex.In thisworkLyocellMicrofibreisidentifytodevelopinnerlayerfabrics. Lyocell is a biodegradable material made from wood pulp cellulose and it is recyclable. Lyocell is an improved fibre, in terms of performance & properties and also friendly to the environment. This work aims at plasma treatment for lyocell microfiber fabrics for improvement in comfort properties and dyeability.The plasma treated fabrics has significantly suitable as inner layer which is kin to skin towards the comfort characteristics. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work the inner layer Lyocell fabrics is made out of both warp and weft in Ne 60 s by using 0.7dtex denier fibre in the yarn.The fabric has palin weave with 80grams per squre meter weight .The light weight fabric more suitable for the inner layer of multilayered fabric which enhace the better comfort charcteristics. In plasma treatment the Oxygen is used and Hydropneo Vac Technologies apparatus was employed for the treatment of low temperature plasma on the Lyocell fabric. In the treatment, oxygen gas was used as plasma throughout this study. The gas flow rate and plasma temperature were kept at 10 Pa, 4 cc/min and 33°C respectively. The output power used was kept at 300V and theexperimentwas carriedoutfor 10minutes. The plasma treated and untreated fabrics were subjected to test the comfort properties like Wickablity (AATCC 197 /198), Air Permeability (ISO 9237) and Water Vapour Permeability (ASTM E96) by using standard testing procedures. 3.RESULTSANDDISCUSSION The surface modified lyocell inner layer fabric and untreated fabric have been tested to assess the characteristics of wickablity; air permeablity and water vapour permeablity. The test report have been critically analysed and details are given below 3.1WICKING The table 1 shows wicking time in seconds for untreated and plasma treated lyocell fabric in both warp and weft direction at different wicking heights.The wicking time to reach a height of 5cm is 34.34 seconds in warp and 30.20 Seconds in weft direction. The wickability of lyocell fabric treated with oxygen plasma increased from 28% to 40 %. Table 1. Wicking tests for untreated and plasma treated tencel fabric samples. The fig 1 indicates the wicking behaviour of plasma treated and untreated samples and it is absorbed from that the plasma treated lyocell fabrics in both warp and weft directions show a significant reduction in wicking time (sec) indicatingafasterrateofabsorption. Fig 1. Wickablilty Curve for untreated and plasma treated samples in warp and weft direction. Sl No Sample Particulars Untreated fabric Plasma treated fabric Wicking Height in CMS Warp wicking Time in Sec Weft wicking time in Sec Warp Wicking Time in sec Weft Wicking Time in sec 1 1 CM 02.99 00.55 02.00 00.57 2 2 CM 08.43 03.42 04.70 02.54 3 3 CM 18.27 10.32 08.99 05.60 4 4 CM 49.55 24.41 19.58 16.21 5 5 CM 56.95 41.89 34.34 30.20
- 3. International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 15 Cite this article as: Dr. T. Ramachandran, L. Hari Gopalakrishnan. “EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES.” International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology (2015): 13-16. Print. The improvements in the wickability of plasma treated samples are due to the enhancement in the surface roughness property. It is because of the introduction of polar groups which are generated during the oxygen plasma treatements. The wickablity of warp is 39.5% and weft is 27.90%. 3.2AIRPERMEABILITY In Airpermeablility test the plasma treated and untreated samples have been assessing by usingISO 9237 standard methods.The Air permeablilityin of plasma treated sample is 74.16* (cm3cm2 sec) and untreated samples is 56.66*(cm3cm2 sec). The plasma treated samples have 30% more air permeability due to the formation of new pores on the surface of the fabric. The untreated sample has lowervalue thanplasma treatedfabric. *indicates that the samples were statistically significant. 3.3 WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY In water vapour permeability test, the plasma treated and untreated samples were weighing in grams before and after water vapour treatment. The difference in mass is converted into water vapour permeablility values which are given in Table 2 Table2 WwaterVapourPermeabilityfor untreatedandplasma treatedfabricsamples S No Sample Name WeightinGrams [Beforetest]M1 Ingrams WeightinGrams [After test]M2 Ingrams Lossof Massin grams M [M1-M2]ingrams WaterVapour Permeability [g/m2 /day] 1 Plasma treated Sample 140.23 132.80 2.43 2155.49* 2 UntreatedSample 139.24 136.55 2.69 2386.12* *indicates that the samples were statistically significant. In table 2 indicate that the moisture vapour permeability of the plasma treated sample is lowered than the untreated samples. This may be due to the surface etching that occurs due to the plasma treatment. Surface etching opens the fibres on the surface of fabric which in turn hinders the flow of water vapourthrough thefabric. 4.CONCLUSION In the development of multilayered fabrics, the inner layer fabric sholud have better wickability and airpermeabliltiy properties in view of comfort characteristics. In this work, the effect of surface modification on comfort properties of inner layer lyocell fabric has been studyed. The air permeablility of plasma treated fabric has been increased to 30 % when compare with untrearted fabric, it is due to new porus has been developed on the surface during plasma treatment which allows more air to pentrate. Smillarlly the wickablity characteristics of plasma treated fabrics has been increased in the range of 28 to 40 %. This is due to its etching nature on the surface while doing plasma treatement. Where as the water vapour permeablilty of untreated sample has more as compared to plasma treated sample, it may be due to the pours imparts during the plasma treatements accumulates more water vapour than untreared fabrcis. 5.REFERENCE 1. Shishoo.R,plasmatechnologyfortextiles,2007,Woodheadpublishing. 2. Keiko Gotoh and Akemi Yasukawa., "Atmospheric pressure plasma modification of polyester fabric for improvementoftextile- specificproperties",TextileResearchJournal,2010,81:368. 3. MoriM and Inagaki N., "Relationship between anti-felting properties and physicochemical properties of wool fibrestreatedwithAir- plasma",TextileResearchJournal,2006,79:687-694. 4. CanalC,ErraP,MolinaRandBertranE.,"Regulationofsurfacehydrophilicityofplasmatreatedwoolfabrics",TextileResearchJournal, 2007,77:559-564. 5. Moravej M, Yang X, Hicks RF, Penelon J and Babayan SE., "A radio-frequency nonequilibrium atmospheric pressureplasma operationwithargonandoxygen",JournalofAppliedPhysics,2006,99:093305.6.S.Mukhopadhyay.S&Ramakrishnan.G.,Microfibres, TextileProgress,2008,40:1,1-86. 6. Marija Gorjanc, Vili Bukošek and Marija Gorenšek, "The Influence of Water Vapor Plasma Treatment on SpecificPropertiesof BleachedandMercerizedCottonFabric",TextileResearchJournal,2010,80:557. 7. MuryamNaebe,PeterG.Cookson,JohnRippon,RexPeterBrady,XungaiWang,NarelleBrackandGrantvanRiessen., "Effects of Plasma Treatment of Wool on the Uptake of Sulfonated Dyes with Different Hydrophobic",TextileResearchJournal,2010,80(7). 611-622. 8. C.M.Mak, C.W.M Yuen, S. K. A.Ku & C.W. Kan, "Low-temperature plasma treatment of Tencel", Journal Of TextileInstitute,2006, vol97(6), pg533-540. 9. B.P.Saville.,PhysicalTestingofTextiles,Jan1999,WoodheadPublishingLimited.
- 4. International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology 16 Cite this article as: Dr. T. Ramachandran, L. Hari Gopalakrishnan. “EFFECT OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF INNER LAYER LYOCELL FABRIC IN MULTILAYERED TECHNICAL TEXTILES.” International Conference on Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology (2015): 13-16. Print. 10. Zeynep Ömerogullari and Dilek Kut, "Application of low-frequency oxygen plasma treatment to polyester fabrictoreducethe amountofflameretardantagent",TextileResearchJournal,2012,82:613 11. Karahan H.A, Ozdogan E, Demir A, Ayhan H and Seventekin N, "Effects of atmospheric pressure plasma treatments on certain properties of cotton fabrics" Fibers Text East Eur, 2009, vol 73, pg 19-22. 12. Ozdogan E, Demir A, Karahan AA, Ayhan H and Seventekin N. "Effects of atmospheric plasma on the printabilityofwoolfabrics", TekstilveKonfeksiyon,2009,vol19,pg123-127.