Elements for the Theory of Fun
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The document outlines the 'Theory of Fun' for game design, emphasizing various types of fun including easy fun, hard fun, people fun, and serious fun. It introduces frameworks such as Marc LeBlanc's 8 kinds of fun and Nicole Lazzaro's 4 keys to understanding player enjoyment. The document also discusses how game mechanics can evoke positive experiences and the importance of removing un-fun elements from games to enhance engagement.
Elements for the Theory of Fun
- 1. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Theory of Fun (for Game Designers) Videogame Design and Programming
- 2. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Readings • Raph Koster. Theory of Fun for Game Design Second Edition 2013 • Jesse Schell. The Art of Game Design (2nd Edition) Morgan Kaufmann 2015 2
- 3. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
- 4. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi mancala
- 5. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi there are games we love, games that bore us, games we hate.
- 6. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi http://nicolelazzaro.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/4_keys_poster3.jpg
- 7. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Nicole Lazzaro’s 4 Keys Easy Fun Hard fun People fun Serious fun poster: http://xeodesign.com/4k2f/4k2f.jpg white paper: http://www.xeodesign.com/xeodesign_whyweplaygames.pdf
- 8. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Nicole Lazzaro’s 4 Keys • Easy Fun § Focus on the sheer enjoyment of experiencing the game activities. § Maintains focus with player attention rather than a winning condition. • Hard fun § For many players overcoming obstacles is why they play. § Creates emotion by structuring experience towards the pursuit of a goal. • People fun § Players might play games they don’t like to spend time with their friends. • Serious fun/altered states § Changes how players think, feel, behave or make a difference in the real world. The excitement of games enlivens otherwise boring tasks. 8
- 9. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Marc Leblanc’s 8 Kinds of Fun http://8kindsoffun.com/ • Sensation § Game as sense-pleasure • Fantasy § Game as make-believe • Narrative § Game as unfolding story • Challenge § Game as obstacle course • Fellowship § Game as social framework • Discovery § Game as uncharted territory • Expression § Game as soap box • Submission § Game as mindless pastime 9
- 10. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi 14 Forms of Fun • Beauty • Immersion • Intellectual Problem Solving • Competition • Social Interaction • Comedy • Thrill of Danger 10 • Physical Activity • Love • Creation • Power • Discovery • Advancement and Completion • Application of an Ability http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/227531/fourteen_forms_of_fun.php
- 11. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi why? can we engineer fun?
- 12. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi “A Theory of Fun for Game Design” Ralph Koster © (http://www.theoryoffun.com)
- 13. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Cartoon from “A Theory of Fun for Game Design” Ralph Koster © (http://www.theoryoffun.com)
- 14. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Cartoon from “A Theory of Fun for Game Design” Ralph Koster © (http://www.theoryoffun.com)
- 15. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Cartoon from “A Theory of Fun for Game Design” Ralph Koster © (http://www.theoryoffun.com)
- 16. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Highway to Hell by AC/DC © AC/DC
- 17. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi The world's ugliest music: Scott Rickard perTEDxMIA
- 18. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
- 19. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi humans love patterns!
- 20. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Super Mario https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NnhWpI-EPM
- 21. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Super_Mario_64_jumping.jpg
- 22. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Indie Game the Movie
- 23. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi 'A Minute to Learn… A Lifetime to Master’ James R. Becker
- 24. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi grok MDA Model DynamicMechanics Aesthetic Player Game Designer
- 25. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
- 26. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Cartoon from “ATheory of Fun for Game Design” (http://www.theoryoffun.com)
- 27. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Cartoon from “Level Up!”
- 28. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW8nXTzroos
- 29. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XV478axBuiU
- 30. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uigWhf2zRbQ
- 31. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi 140 http://vimeo.com/59001919
- 32. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Thomas was Alone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K4zjNtQ3y8
- 33. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi chunking grokking
- 34. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Flow (M. Csikszentmihalyi)
- 35. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi games that fail to exercise the brain become boring fun is all about the brain feeling good (endorphines) the moment of triumph when we learn to master a task triggers the release of chemicals triggering good feelings fun comes from “richy interpretable” situations
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- 38. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Theory of Fun for Game Designers • Brains are mostly voracious consumer of patterns • Games are just exceptionally tasty patterns to eat up • The brain is good at cutting out the irrelevant • The brain notices a lot more than we think it does • The brain is actively hiding the real world from us • These are all example of chunking • We usually run on automated chunked patterns. Thinking is in fact mostly memory, pattern-matching past experiences 38
- 39. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi Many developers always lose their objectivity during the course of production. Theory of Un-Fun If you find something in the game that is not fun (or un-fun) remove it. After you have removed all the un-fun, all that should be left is the fun.
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- 43. Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi http://www.facebook.com/polimigamecollective https://twitter.com/@POLIMIGC http://www.youtube.com/PierLucaLanzi http://www.polimigamecollective.org