Elements of music for INSET 2024.pptx basic
- 2. Objectives for this session: Identify and describe the basic elements including melody, rhythm, beat, pitch, dynamics, texture, tempo and harmony. Analyze the use of musical elements in a given piece. Understand the patterns of major, minor, pentatonic, whole-tone scale, chromatic and chord construction. Create musical scales and play melodic fragments on piano application, scales and chords. Identify sofa- syllaba, rhythm syllables and sing sample excerpts of Mindanao music.
- 3. RHYTHM • Definition: The patterns of long and short sounds and silences in music. • To create a rhythm combine any variety of notes and rests together (see your note and rest value chart). • Rhythms can and are performed throughout any piece of music by any instrument, however, we can mostly recognize a rhythm when it is performed on a percussion instrument.
- 5. BEAT • Definition: A steady pulse contained in music. • Music is organized with time signatures that indicate how many beats are found within one measure of music.
- 6. • The top number of the time signature indicates how many beats will appear in one measure/bar of music. 2 3 4 6 6 over 8 means 6 beats per bar 4 4 4 8 4 over 4 means 4 beats per bar
- 7. • The time signature appears at the beginning of the music after the clef (treble or bass). • It does not appear in any other measure unless there is a time change throughout the piece.
- 9. Simple and compound time signature
- 10. Rhythm Syllables for Simple and compound meter
- 11. TEMPO • Definition: The pace or speed at which a piece of music is performed. • Tempo markings are traditionally given in Italian and the words that refer to tempo can be categorized in the following ways:
- 12. SLOW TEMPO • Grave – extremely slow and solemn • Adagio – very slow • Lento – slow • Largo – slow and broad • Larghetto – less slow than largo
- 13. MEDIUM TEMPO • Andante – rather slow, at a moderate walking pace • Andantino – a little faster than andante • Moderato – at a moderate pace • Allegretto – fairly quick, slightly slower than allegro
- 14. FAST TEMPO • Allegro – lively, rather quick • Vivace – quick and lively • Presto – very quick • Prestissimo – as quick as possible
- 15. Activity 1: Rhythm making with rhythm syllables. (10 to 15 minutes) divide the class into four groups. Designate a group leader for each group. Create 3 simple rhythm consisting of 4 measures in a 4/4 time signature with rhythm syllables. The group leader will assign specific members to perform rhythms 1, 2, and 3 individually. During the performance, the designated members for rhythms 1, 2, and 3 will play consecutively. Lastly, group leader will the cue for all rhythms to be played simultaneously. After 10 to 15 minutes, presentation proper.
- 16. DYNAMICS • Definition: The volume of the sound, as well as the style in which the performer plays the instrument/music. • It is important to not confuse how loud or soft something is on a recorded performance. It is easy to turn up (or down) the volume using an electronic device.
- 17. ITALIAN TERMINOLOGY ITALIAN TERMINOLOGY SYMBOL TRANSLATION Pianissimo Pp As soft as possible Piano P soft Mezzo piano Mp Medium soft Mezzo forte Mf Medium loud Forte F loud Fortissimo ff As loud as possible
- 18. ITALIAN TERMINOLOGY SYMBOL TRANSLATION Crescendo Gradually louder Decrescendo Gradually softer Sforzando sfz or sf Strongly accented Forte – piano fp Loud, then immediately soft
- 19. TIMBRE • Definition: The unique quality or qualities inherent in sounds that allow us to distinguish between them. • Timber (TAMBOUR – as in “tambourine”) has also been referred to as the tone color of an instrument. • The distinct tone quality of an instrument can be represented by the colour that matches the sound. • Each instrument is distinct from each other interms of the sound being produced. ( trumpet, saxophone, violin, guitar, keyboard and human voice).
- 20. PITCH • The degree of highness or lowness of a sound.
- 21. STAFF • Music is written on a STAFF of five lines and the four spaces between
- 22. MUSIC NOTATION • Music notes are oval shaped symbols that are placed on the lines and in the spaces. They represent musical sounds, called PITCHES. • If the notes appear higher on the staff they sound higher in pitch. • If the notes appear lower on the staff they sound lower in pitch.
- 24. • Organizing Musical Sounds • Musical notes are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet: • A B C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C ... they keep repeating over and over and by their position on the staff they can represent the entire range of musical sound.
- 25. Clefs in Music Notation • Clef signs help to organize the staff so notes can easily be read. • Treble Clef • The treble clef is used for notes in the higher pitch ranges. The treble clef (or G clef) has evolved from a stylized letter G into the present: • The curl of the treble clef circles the line on which the note G is placed. This G is above middle C (The C nearest the middle of the keyboard). DO RE MI FA SOL LA TI DO TI LA SOL FA MI RE DO
- 26. The Bass clef (pronounced “base”) is used for notes in the lower pitch ranges. The bass clef (or F clef) has evolved from the stylized letter f into: The two dots of the bass clef surround the fourth line, the line on which the note F is played
- 28. Treble and Bass Clef
- 29. MELODY • A series of pitches that move forward (the sing-able part) within a piece of music. Types of Melody CONJUNCT - A conjunct melody is a melody that moves in stepwise motion.
- 30. • DISJUNCT - A Disjunct melody is one that moves with more leaps (jumps) than steps.
- 31. Accidentals
- 32. HARMONY • Combinations of pitches sounding simultaneously. • Consider two performers presenting a piece to an audience. If one instrument is performing on whole notes while the other is playing the main melody there will be harmony.
- 33. CHORD CONSTRUCTION • a chord is a combination of three or more notes. Chord are built off of a single note called root. They are created with a root, third and fifth or using 2 super- imposed thirds. • Major chord follows a 4 – 3 semitones pattern. (C-E, E- G) or (C E G) • Minor chord follows a 3-4 semitones pattern.(C-Eb, Eb- G) or (C Eb G) • Diminish chord follows a 3 -3 semitones pattern. ( C-Eb- Gb) or (C Eb Gb)
- 34. FORM • The structure of a piece of music, the way a piece of music is organized. • There are many forms in music, but the main elements you need to consider when defining a piece of music is the repetition and contrast that occurs in the melody. Strophic form – A section is repeated. AAA • Forms have been categorized based on letter names, for example A B form is known as BINARY Form • ABA form is known as TERNARY Form where there is a repeat of an entire section – the A section of the melody.
- 35. TEXTURE The fabric or layering of sound created by melody, harmony and tone color (timbre). Consider all of the instrumentation that can be combined to create a single piece of music. Each instrument is responsible for a melodic and/or rhythmic line. When each instrument combines together with the ensemble (orchestra) the texture is specific to what and how they are performing. Different Textures Monophonic: A soloist performing a melody. Common example ( singing in the bathroom, playing a song with various instrument without accompaniment). Homophonic: A soloist performing a melody with accompaniment (for example Flute with Piano). Polyphonic: Many musicians performing/combining rhythmic and melodic patterns together.
- 36. Scale Patterns Major Scale = W-W-W-H-W-W-H Minor Scale= W-H-W-W-H-W-W Major Pentatonic = 12356 base from major scale Minor Pentatonic = 13457 base from natural minor scale or 1 3b 4 5 b7. Whole-tone Scale = W-W-W-W-W-W Chromatic Scale = H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H Chord Triads = 1 -3 -5
- 37. Scales construction ( Major, Minor, Pentatonic, whole – tone and chromatic scale). Chord construction. Major scale = G and D Minor Scale = b and e Major Pentatonic = D and G Minor Pentatonic = e and b Whole-tone = E and F Chromatic scale = d and F
- 38. Answers Major Scales G-A-B-C-D-E-F#-G D-E-F#-G-A-B-C#-D Minor Scales E-F#-G-A-B-C-D-E B-C#-D-E-F#-G-A-B Major Pentatonic D-E-F#-G-A G-A-B-D-E
- 39. Answers Minor Pentatonic E-G-A-B-D-E B-D-E-F#-A-B Whole-tone Scale E-F#-G#-A#-C-D-E F-G-A-C#-D#-F Chromatic Scale D-D#-E-F-F#-G-G#-A-A#-B-C-C#-D F-F#-G-G#-A-A#-B-C-C#-D-D#-E-F
- 40. • Eb Major Chord • F Major7 Chord • G minor Chord • E minor7 Chord • D diminish • F diminish
- 41. ANSWERS 1. Eb – G – Bb 2. F-A-C-E 3. G-Bb- D 4. E-G-B-D 5. D-F-Ab 6. F-Ab-B
- 42. ACTIVITY 3 Write the sofa and rhythm syllables under each note of the given Mindanao music. Using your piano application try to play the given music of Mindanao. Once mastered, sing along with the lyrics of the piece.
- 43. Grade 7 Objectives to focus • Analyze the musical elements of some Mindanao vocal and instrumental music. • Improvise simple rhythmic and melodic accompaniments to selected music from Mindanao. • Sing songs from Mindanao music.
- 47. Grade 8: Objectives • Improvise simple rhythmic/ harmonic accompaniments to music from selected Central, South and West Asian Countries. • analyze example of music from Central, South and West Asian Countries and describe the elements of music used. • Sing vocal music from Central, South and West Asian countries.
- 48. Lets do the Tala
- 50. END OF THE PRESENTATION