Elixir
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The document introduces Elixir, a programming language built on the Erlang virtual machine, highlighting its macro-based syntax and advantages like fault tolerance and efficient parallel processing. It also elaborates on Erlang's history, its creators, and its practical applications in companies like Amazon and Facebook, along with an overview of functional programming concepts. Finally, the document provides examples of Elixir syntax for various constructs such as tuples, lists, pattern matching, and function definitions.
![Elixir Syntax: List
[ ]
[ 1, 2, 3 ]
[ head | tail ]
[ first, second | tail ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-13-320.jpg)
![Elixir Syntax: Character List
‘Elixir’
[ ?E, ?l, ?i, ?x, ?i, ?r ]
[ 69, 108, 105, 120, 105, 114 ]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-16-320.jpg)
![Elixir Syntax: Regex
~r“^[A-Z]$”
“101010” =~ ~r“^[01]+$”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-19-320.jpg)
![Elixir Syntax: Operators
+ - * / ! = == === != !== > >= < <=
and or xor not
&& ||
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ++ [ 4, 5, 6 ]
[ 1, 2, 3 ] -- [ 2 ]
“Hello ” <> “World!”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-20-320.jpg)
![Pattern Matching
x = 42
[ a, b, c ] = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
[ d, d, e ] = [ 4, 4, 5 ]
{ ^x, y } = { 42, 99 }](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-24-320.jpg)
![Pattern Matching
def sum(list), do: _sum(list, 0)
defp _sum([], total), do: total
defp _sum([ head | tail ], total) do
_sum(tail, head + total)
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-26-320.jpg)
![Pattern Matching
<< number::[ bitstring, size(16) ],
“ ”,
word::[ bitstring, size(48) ] >> =
“42 Elixir”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-28-320.jpg)
![PID: spawn
pid = spawn(fn -> do_something() end)
pid = spawn(Demo, :do_something, [])
pid = spawn(&Demo.do_something/0)
pid = spawn_link(fn -> 1 / 0 end)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/elixirmay2014-140519124422-phpapp01/85/Elixir-30-320.jpg)
Elixir
- 2. What is Elixir? A Ruby-inspired language built on the Erlang Virtual Machine Extends Erlang with macros, pipelines, and sigils Your next programming language
- 3. What is Erlang? Created in 1986 by Ericsson Open sourced in 1998 Functional, concurrent language Based on Prolog, Smalltalk, CSP, and functional programming
- 4. Advantages of Erlang Fault tolerant Lightweight processes Hot code swapping “Let it crash” philosophy
- 5. Advantages of Erlang Battle-tested libraries Soft real time Trivial parallel processing Trivial network protocol processing
- 6. Advantages of Erlang Pattern matching Tail recursion Garbage Collected
- 8. Who Uses Erlang? Amazon Yahoo! Facebook T-Mobile Motorola Ericsson WhatsApp Huffington Post CouchDB GitHub Basho RabbitMQ Call of Duty League of Legends Goldman Sachs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)
- 9. Why Learn Functional Programming? The future is in parallel processing Easier to debug Many languages are adopting FP techniques
- 10. Actor Model Actors can be created/destroyed and send/receive messages All state is encapsulated In Elixir, each actor is its own process
- 11. Elixir Syntax: Numbers ! 42 123.456 1_000_000 ! 0b101010 (binary) 0xdeadc0de (hex) 034 (octal)
- 12. Elixir Syntax: Tuples { 1, 2, 3 } { 3.14, :hello, “world” }
- 13. Elixir Syntax: List [ ] [ 1, 2, 3 ] [ head | tail ] [ first, second | tail ]
- 14. Elixir Syntax: Atom :atom :“with spaces”
- 15. Elixir Syntax: Binary “Elixir” <<“Elixir”>> << 69, 108, 105, 120, 105, 114 >>
- 16. Elixir Syntax: Character List ‘Elixir’ [ ?E, ?l, ?i, ?x, ?i, ?r ] [ 69, 108, 105, 120, 105, 114 ]
- 18. Elixir Syntax: Pipeline IO.puts(“Hello world!”) “Hello world!” |> IO.puts() ! IO.puts(String.upcase(“Elixir”)) “Elixir” |> String.upcase() |> IO.puts()
- 19. Elixir Syntax: Regex ~r“^[A-Z]$” “101010” =~ ~r“^[01]+$”
- 20. Elixir Syntax: Operators + - * / ! = == === != !== > >= < <= and or xor not && || [ 1, 2, 3 ] ++ [ 4, 5, 6 ] [ 1, 2, 3 ] -- [ 2 ] “Hello ” <> “World!”
- 21. Elixir Syntax: Fn fn (x) -> x * x end &(&1 * &1) ! fn (x, y) -> x + y * 2 end &(&1 + &2 * 2)
- 22. Elixir Syntax: Modules and Functions defmodule Demo do def say_hello() do IO.puts(“Hello”) end def say_goodbye(), do: IO.puts(“Goodbye”) defp private_function(), do: “Top Secret” end
- 23. Pattern Matching “=” operator does not mean “assign” It’s the matching operator Think of “=” in terms of math
- 24. Pattern Matching x = 42 [ a, b, c ] = [ 1, 2, 3 ] [ d, d, e ] = [ 4, 4, 5 ] { ^x, y } = { 42, 99 }
- 25. Pattern Matching { :ok, data } = File.read(“Demo.txt”) { :error, reason } = File.read(“Bogus.txt”) { a, b, _ } = Demo.do_something()
- 26. Pattern Matching def sum(list), do: _sum(list, 0) defp _sum([], total), do: total defp _sum([ head | tail ], total) do _sum(tail, head + total) end
- 27. Pattern Matching fn (x) when rem(x, 15) == 0 -> “FizzBuzz” (x) when rem(x, 3) == 0 -> “Fizz” (x) when rem(x, 5) == 0 -> “Buzz” (x) -> x end
- 28. Pattern Matching << number::[ bitstring, size(16) ], “ ”, word::[ bitstring, size(48) ] >> = “42 Elixir”
- 29. PID Process ID Returned from spawn and spawn_link Transfer messages with send and receive
- 30. PID: spawn pid = spawn(fn -> do_something() end) pid = spawn(Demo, :do_something, []) pid = spawn(&Demo.do_something/0) pid = spawn_link(fn -> 1 / 0 end)
- 31. PID: send send(pid, 42) send(pid, { self, :something }) send(pid, { self, fn (x) -> x * x end })
- 32. PID: receive receive do { from, :something } -> send(from, { self, do_something() } { :EXIT, from, reason } -> IO.puts(“#{from} died by #{reason}”) after 60 * 1000 -> :timeout end
- 33. Questions?
- 34. Demo
- 35. Want to Learn More? Elixir Lang Elixir Cheat Sheet Programming Elixir Programming Erlang
- 36. Want to Learn More? ! Productivity Gains In Erlang Joe Armstrong Evan Miller Russel Dillin