ELT Theories (Basic Introduction)
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The document outlines different approaches to language teaching from 1900 to today. It discusses behaviorism from 1900-1950 which viewed language as a system of sounds, words and sentences learned through practice and repetition with a focus on drills. From 1960-1980, generative linguistics emerged which saw language as systematic and best learned through detailed grammar explanations. Constructivism from 1980 to today holds that language is socially constructed through interactions and cooperative learning activities like group work.
ELT Theories (Basic Introduction)
- 2. To make better lesson plans focused on problem areas of learning. To develop methods & techniques that best suit their students’ needs. To realize that only one type of learning may not be enough.
- 3. BEHAVIORISM STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS 1900 - 1950 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY GENERATIVE LINGUISTICS 1960 - 1980 CONSTRUCTIVISM SOCIOLINGUISTICS 1980 – Today
- 4. The language system is formed by sounds, words and sentences; learned through practice & repetition. 1900 - 1950 Teacher produces the stimuli and SS the response. Students learn to use correct forms & vocabulary through reinforcement. Teachers give positive feedback and respond negatively to incorrect forms. Grammar is not taught explicitly. Correct grammar is reinforced through teacher execution. Favors activities such as; Drills Pattern Practice
- 5. Language is viewed as systematic and not simply learned through habit-forming procedures. 1960 - 1980 Teachers give detailed explanations of grammar & structure because they believe it helps learning. The learning process involves: perception motivation experience This approach favors these learning tools: Logic Reason Exploration Inference SS engage in meaningful practice of the grammar & structure taught by the teacher.
- 6. Language learning happens when SS engage in social interactions. 1980 – Today Cooperative learning is the center of class activities. Knowledge is socially constructed. It is built by sharing and communicating with each other and by interacting with the environment. It is a multidisciplinary approach because it combines linguistic, psychological and sociological ideas. There is little explanation of grammar & structure by the teacher and teamwork is encouraged . Language learning involves: Communication Exchange of ideas Participation in meaningful tasks Classroom Activities include: Group / pair work discussions information sharing Classroom – Studnt talks
- 7. Language learning happens when SS engage in social interactions. 1980 – Today Cooperative learning is the center of class activities. Knowledge is socially constructed. It is built by sharing and communicating with each other and by interacting with the environment. It is a multidisciplinary approach because it combines linguistic, psychological and sociological ideas. There is little explanation of grammar & structure by the teacher and teamwork is encouraged . Language learning involves: Communication Exchange of ideas Participation in meaningful tasks Classroom Activities include: Group / pair work discussions information sharing Classroom – Studnt talks