Em based quick composting techniques
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This document describes techniques for quick composting using Effective Microorganisms (EM). It explains that EM is a mixture of beneficial microbes that helps break down organic matter and enhances soil health. The document provides instructions for making an EM solution and using it to accelerate composting of various materials like cow dung and rice straw in 1 month instead of 3 months. Mixing materials in layers, adding EM solution, and turning the piles aids the aerobic decomposition process.
Em based quick composting techniques
- 1. EM based Quick Composting Techniques Haseena Bibi 11-41-323
- 2. Contents 1. What is meant by Effective Microorganisms(EM)? 2. EM-based quick composting 3. Preparation of EM solution
- 3. 1.Effective Microorganisms (EM) • Microorganisms are crucial for maintaining ecological balance. They carry out chemical processes that make it possible for all other organisms including humans to live. • There are friendly guys of microbial worlds known as beneficial microorganisms and a not so friendly group called pathogens that are harmful & capable of producing disease, decay & pollution. E.M. is an abbreviation for Effective Microorganisms.
- 4. EM origin
- 5. EM the natural product • E.M. is a combined culture of aerobic microorganisms (requiring oxygen to survive) and anaerobic (requires no oxygen to survive) that co-exist together to the mutual advantage of both (symbiosis). • E.M combines with the existing microorganisms within the soil. They work together to build a healthy living soil. • E.M is not toxic or pathogenic and is safe for humans, animals and the environment.
- 6. EM in action • suppress soil-borne pathogens, • accelerate decomposition of organic wastes, • increase availability of mineral nutrients & useful organic compounds to plants, • enhance activities of beneficial micro-organisms, e.g., mycorrhizae, nitrogen fixing bacteria. • reduce need for chemical fertilisers & pesticides. • EM helps to increase beneficial soil micro-organisms & supression of harmful ones.
- 8. 2.EM-based quick composting • Effective micro-organisms (EM) consist of common & food-grade aerobic & anaerobic micro-organisms: photosynthetic bacteria, lactobacillus, streptomyces, actinomycetes, yeast, etc. • Strains of micro-organisms are commonly available from microbe banks or from environment. • There are no genetically engineered strains that are in use.
- 9. Raw materials for organic fertiliser production • The raw materials for organic fertilizer production are: MATERIALS AMOUNT Cow dung 2 portions Rice husk 1 portion Rice husk-charcoal 1 portion Rice bran, milled 1 portion Accelerator 33 litres of EM solution or Trichoderma solution per pit
- 10. Cow dung Rice husk Rice husk- charcoal Rice bran, milled Accelerator 2 portions 1 portion 1 portion 1 portion 33 litres of EM solution or Trichoderma solution per pit
- 11. 3.Preparation of EM solution • 1 litre of 'instant solution' is made by mixing 10 ml of EM, 40 ml of molasses & 950 ml of water & leaving it for five to seven days, depending on temperature. • Solution is then added to 1 litre of molasses & 98 litres of water to obtain 100 litres of ready-to-use EM solution. • This amount is enough for three pits. • EM solution functioning as accelerator reduces composting period from three months to one month.
- 13. Procedure • All ingredients are mixed together, except accelerator. • A 15 cm layer of mixture is spread in pit & accelerator is sprinkled on it. • This procedure is repeated until pit is full. • Pit is covered with plastic sheet. • Two or three weeks later, whole pit is mixed in order to boost aerobic decomposition.
- 14. • Compost is ready to use a couple of weeks later. • A pit produces 900 kg of final product per batch. • Product is usually packed in 30-kg plastic bags. • Assuming that it takes 30 days on average to produce a batch , the annual potential production capacity is 86.4 tonnes (0.9 tonnes × 8 pits × 12 months).
- 15. Accelerator EM solution or Trichoderma solution per pit
- 16. Raw materials for compost production(Rice Straw) • The raw materials for compost production are: -Rice straw -Farmyard manure -Urea fertilizer -EM solution
- 17. Rice straw -Urea fertilizer - Farmyard manure EM solution
- 18. Procedure • Straw is stacked in layers of 20 cm height, 1 m width, & 5 m length to form a pile. • A unit pile is about 5 m (length) × 1 m (width) × 1 m (height) in size. • Pile is sprinkled with water for adequate moisture content, followed by addition of manure layer 5 cm high, & sprinkling of few handfuls of urea (100-200 g). • EM solution is sprinkled to accelerate aerobic decomposition.
- 19. • This procedure is repeated until pile is about 1 m high & then it is covered with plastic sheet. • Pile is turned after two weeks & then again after another week. • Normally, compost is ready two weeks later when heap has cooled down and height of pile has fallen to about 70 cm.
- 21. Composting Process • EM will speed up composting process significantly with research showing overall timeframe can be decrease by up to 30%, it allows to get compost into soil quicker & also generate more compost over course of season.