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EMBEDDED PASSWORD BASED ACCESS
CONTROL SYSTEM USING I2C PROTOCOL
Under the Guidance of
Submitted by
Project Title
ABSTRACT
The microcontroller based door locker is an access control
system that allows only authorized persons to access a
restricted area.
 The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller
which has an 2K bits of externally interfaced EEPROM
The password is stored in EEPROM can be changed at any
time.
A matrix keypad is interfaced to the microcontroller to enter
the password while a relay driver IC is used to switch on loads
through relays.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
PUSHBUTTON
LCD
MATRIX KEYPAD
 RELAY
 RELAY DRIVER
 LED
 1N4007
 CAPACITORS
 RESISTORS
230 V AC
50 Hz
5V
DC
12V step down
transformer
Filter(470µf)
5v RegulatorBridge rectifier
 It is a smaller computer
 Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
RAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip
CPU
On-chip
RAM
On-chip
ROM for
program
code
4 I/O Ports
Timer 0
Serial
Port
OSC
Interrup
t
Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Counter
Bus
Control
TxD RxDP0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Counter
Inputs
 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
 Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
 Eight Interrupt Sources
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
 Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 Dual Data Pointer
EMBEDDED PASSWORD BASED ACESS CONTROL  SYSTEM USING I2C PROTOCOL
IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH
USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES
COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and
NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of
the itch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay
coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay
coil is on
 A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or
"pad" which usually bear digits, symbols and usually a
complete set of alphabetical letters. If it mostly contains
numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad.
 In order to detect which key is pressed from the matrix,
the row lines are to be made low one by one and read
the columns. Assume that if Row1 is made low, then
read the columns.
 If any of the key in row1 is pressed then
correspondingly the column 1will give low that is if
second key is pressed in Row1, then column2 will give
low.
RELAY DRIVER (ULN 2003)
ULN2003 is a high voltage and high current Darlington
transistor array
It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that feature high-
voltage outputs with common-cathode Clamp diode for
switching inductive loads.
The ULN2003 has a 2.7kW series base resistor for each
Darlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5V
CMOS devices.
Current, Output Max:500mA
Voltage, Input Max:5V
Voltage, Output Max:50V
Fig: ULN 2003
 EEPROM is Electrically Erasable Programmable
Read-Only Memory that can be electrically erased
and reprogrammed..
 Unlike the EPROM chip, however, an EEPROM chip
need not be taken out of the computer or
electronic device of which it is part when a new
program or data needs to be written on it.
 AT24C02 is a two wire 2Kbits serial EEPROM by
Atmel.
 The memory is organized in 256 words of single
byte each arranged in 32 pages of 8 bytes each.
 The addressing of memory locations requires eight bit
addresses.
 AT24C02 is two-wire serially programmable i.e., for
programming, the data and control signals are
provided serially along with clock signals from the
other wire.
 The read-write operations are accomplished by
sending a set of control signals including the address
and/or data bits.
 The control signals must be accompanied with proper
clock signals.
 The AT24C02 has hard wire addressing of 3 bit length.
 This facilitates interfacing of a maximum of eight (23
)
24C02 devices to a system thereby, incorporating a
maximum 16Kbits memory.
 Multiple 24C02 devices can be connected to a
microcontroller based system using I2C interface.
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are
16x2 and 20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20
characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to
the controller chip which receives data from an external
source (and communicates directly with the LCD.
LCD BACKGROUND
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)
The numbers pressed in the matrix keypad load corresponding logical
state at the input i.e., port 1.
The program is so returned that when 1111 is pressed it switches ON
load 1 & while 2222 is pressed it switches ON load 2 and so on through a
relays interfaced through relay driver IC from the MC output
Working of project
 Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-
time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments,
evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3,
XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
 Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to
object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the
underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.
 i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile
the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86
(underlying microprocessor in the computer).
 For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the
Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler
then compiler is a program that translates source code into object
code.
 “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by
Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson
Education.
 ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
 www.atmel.com
 www.beyondlogic.org
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.alldatasheets.com

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EMBEDDED PASSWORD BASED ACESS CONTROL SYSTEM USING I2C PROTOCOL

  • 1. EMBEDDED PASSWORD BASED ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM USING I2C PROTOCOL Under the Guidance of Submitted by Project Title
  • 2. ABSTRACT The microcontroller based door locker is an access control system that allows only authorized persons to access a restricted area.  The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller which has an 2K bits of externally interfaced EEPROM The password is stored in EEPROM can be changed at any time. A matrix keypad is interfaced to the microcontroller to enter the password while a relay driver IC is used to switch on loads through relays.
  • 4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS POWER SUPPLY BLOCK MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51) PUSHBUTTON LCD MATRIX KEYPAD  RELAY  RELAY DRIVER  LED  1N4007  CAPACITORS  RESISTORS
  • 5. 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC 12V step down transformer Filter(470µf) 5v RegulatorBridge rectifier
  • 6.  It is a smaller computer  Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports... RAM ROM I/O Port Timer Serial COM Port Microcontroller CPU A single chip
  • 7. CPU On-chip RAM On-chip ROM for program code 4 I/O Ports Timer 0 Serial Port OSC Interrup t Control External interrupts Timer 1 Timer/Counter Bus Control TxD RxDP0 P1 P2 P3 Address/Data Counter Inputs
  • 8.  Compatible with MCS®-51 Products  8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory  Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles  4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range  Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz  256 x 8-bit Internal RAM  32 Programmable I/O Lines  Three 16-bit Timer/Counters  Eight Interrupt Sources  Full Duplex UART Serial Channel  Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode  Watchdog Timer  Dual Data Pointer
  • 10. IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH USED TO CONTROL THE ELECTRICAL DEVICES COPPER CORE MAGNETIC FLUX PLAYS MAIN ROLE HERE
  • 11. The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on
  • 12.  A keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or "pad" which usually bear digits, symbols and usually a complete set of alphabetical letters. If it mostly contains numbers then it can also be called a numeric keypad.  In order to detect which key is pressed from the matrix, the row lines are to be made low one by one and read the columns. Assume that if Row1 is made low, then read the columns.  If any of the key in row1 is pressed then correspondingly the column 1will give low that is if second key is pressed in Row1, then column2 will give low.
  • 13. RELAY DRIVER (ULN 2003) ULN2003 is a high voltage and high current Darlington transistor array It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that feature high- voltage outputs with common-cathode Clamp diode for switching inductive loads. The ULN2003 has a 2.7kW series base resistor for each Darlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5V CMOS devices. Current, Output Max:500mA Voltage, Input Max:5V Voltage, Output Max:50V
  • 15.  EEPROM is Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed..  Unlike the EPROM chip, however, an EEPROM chip need not be taken out of the computer or electronic device of which it is part when a new program or data needs to be written on it.  AT24C02 is a two wire 2Kbits serial EEPROM by Atmel.  The memory is organized in 256 words of single byte each arranged in 32 pages of 8 bytes each.
  • 16.  The addressing of memory locations requires eight bit addresses.  AT24C02 is two-wire serially programmable i.e., for programming, the data and control signals are provided serially along with clock signals from the other wire.  The read-write operations are accomplished by sending a set of control signals including the address and/or data bits.  The control signals must be accompanied with proper clock signals.  The AT24C02 has hard wire addressing of 3 bit length.  This facilitates interfacing of a maximum of eight (23 ) 24C02 devices to a system thereby, incorporating a maximum 16Kbits memory.  Multiple 24C02 devices can be connected to a microcontroller based system using I2C interface.
  • 17. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.
  • 18. LCD BACKGROUND If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus) The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data) RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command) (When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ) R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD) (When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)
  • 19. The numbers pressed in the matrix keypad load corresponding logical state at the input i.e., port 1. The program is so returned that when 1111 is pressed it switches ON load 1 & while 2222 is pressed it switches ON load 2 and so on through a relays interfaced through relay driver IC from the MC output Working of project
  • 20.  Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real- time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments, evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.  Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.
  • 21.  i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86 (underlying microprocessor in the computer).  For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.
  • 22.  “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education.  ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.  www.atmel.com  www.beyondlogic.org  www.wikipedia.org  www.howstuffworks.com  www.alldatasheets.com