EMOTION power point presentation uploaded
- 1. EMOTIONS
- 2. DEFINITION Character- -istics Teaching reflection LEARNING OBJECTIVES A B C D 1. Define emotions 2. Explain components of emotions 3. Describe characteristics of emotions 4. Describe classification of emotions 5. Describe about the psychometric assessment of emotion 6. Explain about the changes in emotional reaction. 7. Explain and analyze the theories of emotion 8. Explain about emotional adjustment 9. Explain emotion in health and illness 10.Explain healthcare intervention for emotional reactions.
- 3. DEFINITION The word emotion is derived from the Latin word ”Emover”which means to stir up or to excite. Emotions can be understood as an agitated or excited state if our mind and body. Charles G Morris: Emotion is a complete effective experience that involves diffuse physiological changes and can be expressed overtly in characteristic behaviour patterns Woodworth: Emotion is a ‘moved or ‘stirred up’ state of an organism.
- 4. On the basis of the definitions, emotions can be understood as some sort of subjective feelings or effective experiences which are characterized by some physiological changes that lead to perform types of behavioural acts.
- 5. COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONS Dennis Coon described four components of emotion. 1. Subjective feelings: It is conscious and an intellectual perfection of a situation.Subjective feelings are what you believe and what you are feeling. 2. Emotional Expression or Expressive behaviour Facial: Most expressive part of the body.Some emotions liked guilt,joy, anger etc. can be perceived fairly accurately through facial expression. Vocal: Voice also tells us about an emotional state of an individual.A scream communicates fear, surprises or pain, trembling voice means sorrow, loud, sharp, high pitch voice means anger, frustration, etc.. Gestures: Bodily movements and gestures also indicates the emotional state of an individual.
- 6. 3. Physiological changes Caused by Autonomic nervous system and endocrine gland system. It has two division: Sympathetic divisions: Prepares the body for emergency action during aroused states. It causes discharge of hormones. .epinephrine(adrenaline) .norepinephrine( noradrenaline)
- 7. • Adrenaline gets circulated to different parts of body and responsible for following physical changes. Increased BP and heart rate Changes in the rate of respiration Dilation of pupil Sweating and decreased secretion of saliva Increased in blood sugar leval Decreased mobility of the gastrointestinal tract Erect hair on the skin Muscular tensions and tremors.
- 8. Parasympathetic division Slows down the entire metabolism of the body to bring it into balance once again. Produces following changes: Reduces heart rate and BP Diverts blood to the internal organs and digestive tract Regulates the salt and water level of the body Helps to build up and conserve the body’s energy.
- 9. 4. Conscious Experience • An emotion is not only a pattern of bodily changes, but also an experience. • Emotional experience is generally a conscious feeling. • In order to assess an individual’s emotion, his feelings, and emotional experience is an important indicator.
- 10. CHARACTERISTICS OF EMOTIONS Emotional experience are associated with some instincts Every individual experience is associated with one or other innate instincts. An emotion is aroused under the influence of an instinctive excitement. For example: One can experience emotion of anger only after having instinctive waves of pugnacity or combat. Emotions are the product of perception Perception of a proper stimulus(object or situation) is needed to start an emotional experience.
- 11. Emotions bring physiological changes Every emotional experience involves physical and physiological changes in an organism.Some overly expressed behaviour are easily observable. For example, heart beating, reddened eyes, flushed cheeks, choke in the voice etc.. Some of the internal physiological changes are example changes in circulation of blood, impact in digestive system,etc... The core of an emotion is feeling Actually very emotional experience, whatever it may be involves a feelings- a sense of response aroused in heart.After perceiving a thing or a situation, pleasure or displeasure feelings can be aroused.
- 12. Emotions are prevalent in every living organisms. Emotions are present in all stages of development Emotions differs from person to person One emotion can give rise to a number of similar emotions. Some emotions can be aroused by a number of different stimuli, objects or situations. Emotions have the quality of displacement. Emotions are personal/unique Emotions rise abruptly but subsides slowly. Whenever an organism is experiencing an emotion, a lot of energy is released.
- 13. CLASSIFICATION OF EMOTIONS Positive emotions: Are the pleasant emotions which are beneficial/helpful for the individual. Eg: happiness, joy, curosity etc.. Negative emotions: Are unpleasant emotional experiences, it doesnot produce any beneficial effects. Eg: fear, anger, jealousy etc.. Primary emotions: These are direct emotional reactions to a situation and they are called primary because they come first. Eg: joy, happiness, fear, shame, sadness, etc... Secondary emotions: This is an emotional response to a primary emotion, thus an emotion about what we feel. Eg: worry, anxiety, anger, jealousy, etc..
- 15. Title text addition The user can demonstrate on a projector or computer, Title text addition The user can demonstrate on a projector or computer, Title text addition The user can demonstrate on a projector or computer, Title text addition The user can demonstrate on a projector or computer, CHANGES IN EOMTIONAL REACTIONS EXTERNAL CHANGES INTERNAL CHANGES PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES Facial expression: Face is flused in anger, pale in fear, Mouth turns down in unpleasant emotions During fear and anger, the pulse rate or heart rate increases. During emotional experiences, perception, learning, consciousness and memory are affected. Vocal: A scream for fear, surprises or pain, tremor or break in sorrow, etc.. Blood pressure increases during emotional excitment. Gestures: Bodily movements and gestures also indicates the emotional state of an individual.
- 17. James-Lange Theory of Emotion This theory was proposed by American psychologist William James and Spanish psychologist Carl Lange in the late 19th century. This is one of the best examples of physiological theory of emotions. James-Lange theory suggest that emotions occur as a result of physiological arousal to events. For example: I see a snake “ I am trembling, therefore i am feared”
- 18. Perception of an environmental situation which produces the emotions physiological responses of the body Experienced emotion
- 20. Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion This theory was proposed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard in the 1920s. According to this theory, the emotional experience and physiological experienced/ body arousal both are independent of each other. Both will be happening at the same time. According to the theory, after an emotion inducing stimulus is perceived, thalamus initiates the emotional responses.In turn, the thalamus sends signal to the automatic nervous system thereby producing physiological responses.
- 21. Perceived stimulus Experienced Emotion Body Responses E.g Something embarrassing happens, you feel embarrassed right away and then 30 seconds later, your cheeks flush (delayed reactions) You don’t wait 30 seconds for cheeks to become red and then say, I must be embarassed.
- 23. Schachter- Singer/Two Factor Theory This theory was proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer. The emotional experience is a result of our cognitive label or cognitive appraisal. As a result of the cognitive appraisal of the situation and body arousal we experience the emotion. He believes that an event causes physiological arousal, but that you must then identify a reason for the arousal before you label the emotion.
- 24. • For example: If you experience a racing heart and sweating palms during exam, you will probably identify the emotion as anxiety. If you experience the same while seeing a snake , you might interpret as a fear.
- 25. Cognitive Label Experienced Emotion Body Arousal
- 29. PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF EMOTIONS Measurements of emotion is important in understanding the physiological basis of emotion. Some of the methods used to measure emotions are: Galvanic skin response(GSR): This test measures the activation of sweat glands during emotional arousal resulting in lowering of electrical resistance of the skin. Electrocardiography or electrocardiogram(ECG): changes in the rate and rhythm of the heart during emotional arousal. Electroencephalogram(EEG): measures the brain rhythmic activity during emotional arousal. Other tests: Recording changes in muscle tension, breathing, breathing rate and BP during emotional arousal.
- 31. EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENTS Autonomic nervous system, brain structures and hormones play an important role in emotional ajustment. 1: Autonomic nervous system : a) Sympathetic division: active in unpleasant situations b) Parasympathetic division: More active with more pleasant situations. It makes us calm by inhibiting the realease of hormones. 2: Brain structures a) Hypothalamus and limbic system: control emotional systems by signaling the pituitary gland to release epinephrine/adrenaline. b) Amygdala : receives information from the cortex and thalamus, involves in processing emotions. c) Right hemisphere/ Left hemisphere. 3. Hormones: Increase in hormonal level in the blood and urine.
- 32. EMOTIONS IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS • By controlling our own emotions we can eliminate half of the nagging illness that plague our daily lives. • Our body functions well when we are happy. There is an old saying, “Joy is the best medicine” • Intense and unpleasant emotions disturb the whole individual: may cause illness or worsen the condition of one already ill. • Negative emotions: weaken body’s immune system and cause infections. • When the person is stressed or anxious one may not take care of his health as well as he should.
- 33. Health Care Intervention For Emotional Reactions Spend time with patients, facilitates verbalization, of feelings. Handling the emotions, orientation of patient to Health Care facility. Identification of learning needs of patients, provide diversional activities. Taking care of insomnia, food and fluid intake, elimination pattern. Maintain cheerfulness and humor, seek help of mental health professionals.
- 34. WRITE ABOUT POSITIVE IMPACT AND NEGATIVE IMPACT OF EMOTION. - HOMEWORK
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