EM-UNIT-V-Testing utm-hardness-impact
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Mechanical tests of metals can be classified as either destructive or non-destructive. Destructive tests include tensile tests, used on ductile materials to measure strength and elongation; compression tests, used on brittle materials to measure reduction in length; and shear tests, which apply a pure shear force. Hardness tests include Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell tests, which measure the hardness of a material by pressing an indenter into a specimen. Impact tests like Izod and Charpy tests study a material's behavior under sudden load. Fatigue tests determine a material's ability to withstand repeated stresses. Creep tests apply a steady load to determine the stress at which a material will not break over infinite time
EM-UNIT-V-Testing utm-hardness-impact
- 1. Mechanical tests of metals Destructive tests
- 2. Classification of mechanical tests • Destructive test • Non – Destructive test
- 3. Tensile test destructive test – ductile material
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- 11. CALCULATION
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- 15. COMPRESSION TEST • Brittle material used ( cast iron, brick, concrete) • Same UTM Machine used
- 16. measurement • Compression load is gradually applied on the specimen and the reduction in length is recorded
- 17. Shear test Pure shear force applied To measure shear strength
- 18. Pure Shear force • A pure shear force applied top and bottom parallel to its faces • Double shear system used to measure the shear stress and shear strain.
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- 20. Limitations of shear test • Need attachment with UTM machine . • Material at last gets bend • So we will get the bending stress also, not the pure shear type. • Very difficult in processing
- 21. Torsion test • Rotational force given to material about longitudinal axis.
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- 23. HARDNESS TEST Brinell Hardness Vickers Hardness Rockwell Hardness
- 24. Definition
- 25. Types • Brinell Hardness • Vickers Hardness • Rockwell Hardness
- 27. Hardness test is performed by pressing a steel ball also known as indenter, into the specimen
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- 30. Vickers hardness test High accuracy than brinell due to square based diamond pyramid indenter
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- 35. Rockwell hardness test Industries used due to its high accuracy, simplicity and rapidity
- 36. Highlights • In this test , the dial gives the direct reading of hardness; no need of measuring indentation diameter or diagonal length using the microscope
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- 40. advantages • Simple • Reading taken directly • Time consuming process • Suitable for mass production • We can measure any range of value with various indenters. • Metallic and also plastics used
- 41. limitations • Its not accurate than vickers test
- 43. IMPACT TEST- TO STUDY THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE MATERIAL UNDER SUDDEN LOAD IZOD TEST CHARPY TEST
- 44. IMPACT STRENGTH • The ability of the material withstand a blow(force) without fracture
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- 46. IZOD TEST Izod test uses cantilever specimen of size 75mm×10mm×10mm. The V-notch angle is450 and depth of the notch is 2mm. The Izod specimen is placed in the vise such that it is a cantilever.
- 47. Charpy test
- 49. FATIGUE TESTS • The capacity of material to withstand repeatedly applied stresses is known as fatigue
- 50. FATIGUE TESTS
- 52. Creep test • The continuous deformation of a metal under a steady load is known as creep. • The purpose of creep tests is to determine the creep limit. • The creep limit or the limiting creep stress is defined as the stress that will not break the specimen when applied for an infinite period at a specific constant temperature.
- 55. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR CREEP TEST • It must posses means for applying and maintaining a constant load • There must be a furnace capable of keeping the temperature of the test- piece at the desired value to within very close limits. • There should be means for the measurement of test- piece extension.