Enabling Active Flow Manipulation (AFM) in Silicon-based Network Forwarding Engines
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The document discusses enabling Active Flow Manipulation (AFM) in silicon-based network forwarding engines to enhance internet capabilities by incorporating customizable network intelligence. It outlines the role of control and forwarding planes, various control functions, and potential applications for real-time traffic management and quality of service (QoS). Key goals include dynamic service introduction, responding to traffic conditions, and optimizing router functionality for efficient resource management.
Enabling Active Flow Manipulation (AFM) in Silicon-based Network Forwarding Engines
- 1. Enabling Active Flow Manipulation (AFM) in Silicon-based Network Forwarding Engines D. Hoang with T. Lavian, P. Wang, F. Travostino, S. Subramanian, V. Sethaput, and D. Culler
- 2. Outline Introduction Network Element – Control Plane/Forwarding Plane Control Functions AFM abstractions: aggregated flows/actions Possible Realizations Examples Conclusion: Issues to be resolved
- 3. Programmable Internet Enhance internetworking functions. Move computations into the network for value added services. Manage the network more capably than possible with SNMP. More quickly introduce Diffserv or Inserv to support new multimedia applications Implement traffic control algorithms to support QoS.
- 4. Programmability A significant challenge in today’s Internet is the ability to efficiently incorporate customizable network intelligence in commercial high performance network devices. • Framework for introducing services • API for programming network devices
- 5. Network Element Limited control of the forwarding plane Routers are not reprogrammable (except by vendors) Users can only see IP/ICPM packets, but have no direct control over the internal handling of their data. Software: routing protocols, Network management, etc. ASIC: packet forwarding
- 6. Programmable Network Element Software: routing protocols, Network management, etc. ASIC: packet forwarding Routing Signaling Controllers Router Control Interface Local Resource Manager Classifier Routing Scheduler
- 7. Control Functions Control Intensive computation (1) (2) (3) CE FE CE: Control Element FE: Forwarding Element 1) Control functions that reside wholly in the control plane 2) Control functions that insert software in the critical data path 3) Control functions that allow control entities to act both in the control plane and in the data forwarding plane without adding software in the data path
- 8. Control categories Category 1: Purely on the control plane like off-line or out-of-band services. Category 2: Intensive Computation is needed before data is forwarded. Category 3: No software delay is introduced in the data forwarding plane. Control is for setting target. Category 3 is applicable to real-time applications.
- 9. Application Timescales Network Components Service creation and introduction Sessions (connections) Packets
- 10. Active Flow Manipulation Abstractions Aggregate data into traffic flows • Flows whose characteristics can be identified in real-time • E.g., “all UDP packets to a particular service”, “all TCP packets from a particular machine”. Actions to be performed in the traffic flows • Actions that can be performed in real-time • E.g., “Change the priority of all traffic destined to a particular service on a particular machine”, “Stop all traffic out of a particular link of a router”.
- 11. Identifiable Elements of Primitive Flows Destination Address (DA) Range of Destination Address (RDA) Source Address (SA) Range of Source Address (RSA) Exact TCP protocol match (TCP) Exact UDP protocol match (UDP) Exact ICMP protocol match (ICMP) Source Port number, for both TCP and UDP (SP) Destination Port number for both TCP and UDP (DP) TCP connection request (TCPReg) ICMP request (ICMPReg) DS field of a datagram (DS) IP Frame fragment (FrameFrag)
- 12. Primitive Permissible actions Drop Forward Mirror Stop on Match (SOM) Detect Out of Profile behaviour (Out) Change DSCP value (DSCP) Prevent TCP Connect Request Modify IEEE 802.1p bit
- 13. More Specific Goals Allow introducing services and control on demands dynamically • Services can be any general network applications • Control on demands to manipulate flows and flow aggregates Allowing dynamic and mobile agents Respond quickly to changes in traffic conditions. Cope with unforeseen requirements Extending router functionality (optimization) Multiple control elements are installed at routers or hosts and they collaborate to achieve some overall objective.
- 14. Realistic Framework Control Plane Wire-speed | Non Wire-speed MIB Routing Table Forwarding Plane Meters Interface
- 15. Realization Control Plane Forwarding Plane Set filter •Flow •Flow aggregate •Routing table •Utilization parameters •Queue length parameters •RED parameters •Scheduling parameters •QoS parameters
- 16. Realization Control Plane Forwarding Plane Real-time Action •Mirror •Drop •Stop •Change DS •Tunnelling •Rerouting •Change BW allocation
- 17. Possible Realization Control Plane Forwarding Plane Non-Real-time Action •Alter routing table •Alter RED parameters •Alter QoS parameters •New congestion control algorithms •New QoS control algorithms •New Bandwidth Allocation algorithms
- 18. Examples Active manipulation of flows and flow aggregates to • Provide adequate QoS to users: reliability, availability, securely, and acceptable quality. • Manage resources efficiently: utilization, simple control and maintenance. • Control congestion: monitoring, admission control, shaping and policing Control Plane Wire-speed | Non Wire-speed Interface MIB Routing Table Meters Forwarding Plane
- 19. Openet Framework Openet Architecture with Passport Switches
- 20. Active Flow Priority Change in Real-time 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seconds Mbps Low Priority High Priority Start 2nd Flow Change Priority End 2nd Flow
- 21. Path Capacity Discovery (Plan to do) Boundary Routers B-R C-R B-R DiffServ Region Edge Router L- R E- R Hosts InServ/RSVP Region L- R Edge Router E- Hosts R Leaf Router InServ/RSVP Region RD(QS 1, …QS n) RD(Q1 1, …Q1 n) RD(Qk 1, …Qk n) RD(QD 1, …QD n) FE Cn Control Element (CE) C1, C2,.. C1, w1, w2,.. w7 •Link Utilization (Un) •For each link: Average rate (Rn) Queue size queue (Qn) Q7/w7: Network Q6/w6: Premium Q5/w5: Platinum(AF4) Q4/w4: Gold (AF3) Q3/w3: Silver (AF2) Q2/w2: Bronze (AF1) Q1/w1: Best Effort(DE)
- 22. Possible Applications VPN Video on Demand Multicast Explicit QoS Control loop Traffic Engineering • Admission control • Path capacity discovery • Explicit Congestion control • Load or bandwidth balancing • Bandwidth shaping
- 23. Possible applications Mobile agent for Ecommerce-Stock Agents for network management Allow the service to adapt to demands and locations of customers Automatic protocol deployment-IPv6 Reliable multicast Congestion control for real-time audio/video Media gateway Sensor data mixing
- 24. Issues API Short term – Long term Filters Meters Light signaling Fault tolerant mechanisms Security