OpenSDWN: Programmatic control over home and enterprise Wi-Fi
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The document discusses opensdwn, a framework designed for programmatic control over home and enterprise Wi-Fi networks, addressing issues of mobility and traffic management through advanced features such as separation of Wi-Fi control from data-path. It highlights the need for application-specific requirements in rate control and introduces concepts like wireless data-path transmission and virtual middlebox abstraction for improved handling of traffic and client mobility. Future work aims to explore service requirements and optimize performance through tailored rate control mechanisms.
![OpenSDWN Building Blocks
• Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path
• Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities
• Slicing of the Wi-Fi
[1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14.
Odin [1]
7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-31-320.jpg)
![OpenSDWN Building Blocks
• Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path
• Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities
• Slicing of the Wi-Fi
[1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14.
• Programmability of the Wireless Datapath
• Assign Wi-Fi transmission settings to flows
• Abstraction from physical transmission settings
Odin [1]
WDTX
7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-32-320.jpg)
![OpenSDWN Building Blocks
• Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path
• Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities
• Slicing of the Wi-Fi
[1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14.
• Management of network functions
• Middlebox-Agents provide a network function interface
• Per-client middlebox state abstraction
• Programmability of the Wireless Datapath
• Assign Wi-Fi transmission settings to flows
• Abstraction from physical transmission settings
Odin [1]
WDTX
vMB
7](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-33-320.jpg)
![OpenSDWN Building Blocks
• Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path
• Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities
• Slicing of the Wi-Fi
[1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14.
• Management of network functions
• Middlebox-Agents provide a network function interface
• Per-client middlebox state abstraction
• Programmability of the Wireless Datapath
• Assign Wi-Fi transmission settings to flows
• Abstraction from physical transmission settings
Odin [1]
WDTX
vMB
Participatory
7
Realized as an
SDWN Application](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-34-320.jpg)
![Odin in a Nutshell
• SDWN Applications
• Mobility Management
• Client-based Load Balancing
• Per-client Light Virtual Access Point (LVAP) abstraction
• LVAP abstracts the complexities of IEEE 802.11
• Provides slicing of the Wi-Fi
• Focus on upper-MAC functionalities
• Client Association, Authentication etc.
[1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14.
8](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-35-320.jpg)
![Different WDTX Rules
RoundTripTime(RTT)[ms]
Default BPR AC:VO BPR+AC:VO
45678
RTT optimization through WDTX
• 2 APs and two stations
• Two simultaneous flows
• Best effort background flow
• Flow with different WTDX
• RTT is decreased by half for flow
• Highest access category
• Best Probability Rate
18](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-45-320.jpg)
![Time [s]
Throughput[kBytes/s]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
2006001000
● Throughput
Frames
OpenSDWN DMS App
• IPTV service from a major
European ISP
• Stream easily exceeds the
available capacity in a IEEE
802.11g network
• Switching to unicast mitigates
this issue
#Packets/
Switch to unicast
21](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sdwnonsjune2015final-151028135820-lva1-app6892/85/OpenSDWN-Programmatic-control-over-home-and-enterprise-Wi-Fi-48-320.jpg)
OpenSDWN: Programmatic control over home and enterprise Wi-Fi
- 1. OpenSDWN: Programmatic control over home and enterprise Wi-Fi Julius Schulz-Zander, Bogdan Ciobotaru, Carlos Mayer, Stefan Schmid and Anja Feldmann 1 Telekom Innovation Laboratories
- 4. Link Characterization Wide range of physical transmission rates 2
- 5. Link Characterization Wide range of physical transmission rates Links are asymmetric 2
- 6. Link Characterization Wide range of physical transmission rates Links are asymmetric Layer 2 retransmissions 2
- 7. Link Characterization Wide range of physical transmission rates Flags such as NoACK Links are asymmetric Layer 2 retransmissions 2
- 8. Link Characterization Wide range of physical transmission rates Flags such as NoACK Links are asymmetric RTS/CTS to mitigate Hidden Terminal issue Layer 2 retransmissions 2
- 9. Link Characterization Wide range of physical transmission rates Flags such as NoACK Links are asymmetric RTS/CTS to mitigate Hidden Terminal issue Layer 2 retransmissions Supports several medium Access Categories (ACs) 2
- 14. Home Network Example We don’t focus on short lived flows 3
- 15. Mobility and State Migration 4
- 16. Mobility and State Migration • Client mobility: • New stateful firewall (FW) lacks connection state • Connections break ? 4
- 17. Mobility and State Migration • Client mobility: • New stateful firewall (FW) lacks connection state • Connections break ? • State needs to be migrated from one MB instance to another MB state migration 4
- 19. Motivation: State-of-the-Art • Application-specific requirements are not considered at the wireless access • Application-specific sensitivity to latency or packet loss • Today’s rate control is traffic agnostic 5
- 20. Motivation: State-of-the-Art • Application-specific requirements are not considered at the wireless access • Application-specific sensitivity to latency or packet loss • Today’s rate control is traffic agnostic • Group related data traffic inflexible • Multicast always sent at basic rate (typically lowest physical rate) • No smart rate selection for group related traffic (even with just one subscriber) 5
- 21. Motivation: State-of-the-Art • Application-specific requirements are not considered at the wireless access • Application-specific sensitivity to latency or packet loss • Today’s rate control is traffic agnostic • Group related data traffic inflexible • Multicast always sent at basic rate (typically lowest physical rate) • No smart rate selection for group related traffic (even with just one subscriber) • Middlebox (MB) Management static • Mobility requires MB state to be migrated/moved (e.g. FW state on Hotspot WiFi APs) 5
- 22. 6
- 23. 6
- 24. 6
- 28. SDN NFV SDWN Home Enterprise OpenSDWN Control Plane 6
- 29. SDN NFV SDWN Home Enterprise OpenSDWN Control Plane OpenSDWN 6
- 30. OpenSDWN Building Blocks • Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path • Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities • Slicing of the Wi-Fi 7
- 31. OpenSDWN Building Blocks • Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path • Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities • Slicing of the Wi-Fi [1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14. Odin [1] 7
- 32. OpenSDWN Building Blocks • Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path • Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities • Slicing of the Wi-Fi [1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14. • Programmability of the Wireless Datapath • Assign Wi-Fi transmission settings to flows • Abstraction from physical transmission settings Odin [1] WDTX 7
- 33. OpenSDWN Building Blocks • Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path • Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities • Slicing of the Wi-Fi [1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14. • Management of network functions • Middlebox-Agents provide a network function interface • Per-client middlebox state abstraction • Programmability of the Wireless Datapath • Assign Wi-Fi transmission settings to flows • Abstraction from physical transmission settings Odin [1] WDTX vMB 7
- 34. OpenSDWN Building Blocks • Separation between WiFi Control and Data-path • Programmability of upper-MAC 802.11 functionalities • Slicing of the Wi-Fi [1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14. • Management of network functions • Middlebox-Agents provide a network function interface • Per-client middlebox state abstraction • Programmability of the Wireless Datapath • Assign Wi-Fi transmission settings to flows • Abstraction from physical transmission settings Odin [1] WDTX vMB Participatory 7 Realized as an SDWN Application
- 35. Odin in a Nutshell • SDWN Applications • Mobility Management • Client-based Load Balancing • Per-client Light Virtual Access Point (LVAP) abstraction • LVAP abstracts the complexities of IEEE 802.11 • Provides slicing of the Wi-Fi • Focus on upper-MAC functionalities • Client Association, Authentication etc. [1] J. Schulz-Zander, L. Suresh, N. Sarrar, A. Feldmann, T. Hühn, and R. Merz. Programmatic Orchestration of WiFi Networks. In Proc. USENIX ATC ’14. 8
- 36. Wireless Datapath Programmability • WiFi Datapath Transmission (WDTX) Rules • Assignment of fixed and/or „meta“ transmission settings • Control over transmission power, transmission rate as well as tailored retry chains • Control level of wireless transmission settings: • Per-group level, e.g., maximum common transmission rate • Per-station level, e.g., transmission power, RTS/CTS protection • Per-application level, e.g., bandwidth/latency requirements • Per-flow level, e.g., physical transmission rate, no ACK policy 9
- 37. SDWN Interface OpenSDWN Controller Radio Driver Radio Agent mac80211 subsystem wireless NIC drivers Wireless Access Point cfg80211 Kernel Space netlink interface debugfs mark1 TX Rule mark2 TX Rule markn TX Rule … User Space Wireless data-path transmission settings WDTX Table LVAP LVAP WDTX WDTX 10
- 38. virtual Middlebox (vMB) • Abstraction from the inner workings of a specific middlebox • Per-client state abstraction • Simplifies device/user handling, e.g., • Mobility can be handled easier • Per-device/class rules (e.g. for BYOD) 11
- 39. vMB Interface Middlebox Driver OpenSDWN Controller Kernel Space User Space Middlebox Host conntrack tools conntrack vMB network interfaces Statefull FW netlink interface middlebox abstraction xtables nl_driver Bro vMBBro driver middlebox abstraction middlebox abstraction vMB IDS Agent Agent VNF Agent Virtual Network Function 12
- 40. Thee basic operations supported by OpenSDWN 13
- 41. Operation: Mobility and Migration vMB vMB Clone Migrate Controller Middlebox ClientMobility vMB LVAP Migration Client’s LVAP 14
- 42. Operation: Transmission Control Set Match Rule Traffic Manager Set Wireless Transmission Rule Controller Translates service requirements into transmission rules 15
- 43. Operation: Service Differentiation DPI Middlebox ServiceNotification Participatory Interface Controller Service Notification 16
- 44. Evaluation 17
- 45. Different WDTX Rules RoundTripTime(RTT)[ms] Default BPR AC:VO BPR+AC:VO 45678 RTT optimization through WDTX • 2 APs and two stations • Two simultaneous flows • Best effort background flow • Flow with different WTDX • RTT is decreased by half for flow • Highest access category • Best Probability Rate 18
- 46. ● Different WDTX Rules MACLayerRetransmissions Default BPR AC:VO BPR+AC:VO 20304050 Delay optimization through WDTX • 2 APs and two stations • Two simultaneous flows • Best effort background flow • Flow with different WTDX • Layer 2 retransmissions decrease 19
- 47. Group transmissions • Multicast packets are typically sent at basic rate • Unicast has the potential to reduce the airtime consumption • Direct Multicast Service (DMS) • Switch from Multicast to Unicast • Requires a client to signal its DMS capabilities • OpenSDWN can assign maximum common transmission rate for a group of stations 20
- 48. Time [s] Throughput[kBytes/s] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2006001000 ● Throughput Frames OpenSDWN DMS App • IPTV service from a major European ISP • Stream easily exceeds the available capacity in a IEEE 802.11g network • Switching to unicast mitigates this issue #Packets/ Switch to unicast 21
- 49. vMB Firewall Migration Entry Count r entry read latency. Entry Count (c) Per entry delete latency. lete operation. Latency in milliseconds (time) is normalized to a per-entry time. vMB Entry count Mean execution time (ms) Write Read Delete Migrate 1 11.6 38.4 6.4 45.0 10 12.3 48.6 6.8 60.9 100 20.3 121.6 10.7 141.9 1000 115.9 778.0 43.0 893.9 10000 1119.3 5201.2 385.3 6320.5 Table 2: Average execution time of the setState, getState and delState operations for different workloads. 22
- 50. vMB Firewall Migration Entry Count r entry read latency. Entry Count (c) Per entry delete latency. lete operation. Latency in milliseconds (time) is normalized to a per-entry time. vMB Entry count Mean execution time (ms) Write Read Delete Migrate 1 11.6 38.4 6.4 45.0 10 12.3 48.6 6.8 60.9 100 20.3 121.6 10.7 141.9 1000 115.9 778.0 43.0 893.9 10000 1119.3 5201.2 385.3 6320.5 Table 2: Average execution time of the setState, getState and delState operations for different workloads. 22
- 51. Conclusion • OpenSWDN enables a wide range of new SDWN applications • Direct multicast as a simple application • User-defined service differentiation and prioritization • vMB abstraction simplifies handling of client mobility • Future Work: • Study service requirements and effect of WDTX • Effect of group related WDTX rules on services 23
- 52. Questions? Website and Source Code available soon: opensdwn.com 24