Energy resources and basis
- 1. Energy Resources And Basics By:-Deep Parmar M.Sc Environment Sci. SEM-III
- 2. Energy • Energy is the capacity to do work and is required for life processes. An energy resource is something that can produce heat, power life, move objects, or produce electricity. • Matter that stores energy is called a fuel.
- 3. Energy Sources There are 5 fundamental sources of energy: • Nuclear fusion in the Sun (solar energy) • Gravity generated by the Earth & Moon. • Nuclear fission reactions. • Energy in the interior of the Earth. • Energy stored in chemical bonds.
- 4. Nuclear fusion in the Sun (solar energy) Gravity generated by the Earth & Moon.
- 5. Nuclear fission reactions. Energy in the interior of the Earth.
- 6. Energy stored in chemical bonds.
- 7. Types of Energy • Non-renewable Sources of Energy Or Conventional energy sources • Renewable Sources of Energy or Non conventional energy sources
- 8. Non-renewable Sources of Energy Or Conventional energy sources Non-renewable resources are found in fixed amounts and are being used faster than they can be replenished. • Non-renewable resources are those found inside the earth, and they took millions of years to form. These include the fossil fuels, oil, natural gas, and coal and nuclear energy. Today, close to 84% of the total amount of energy used globally comes from fossil fuels.
- 9. Non-renewable Sources of Energy Or Conventional energy sources Categories of Non-Renewable Resources Fossil Fuels • Fossil fuels are derived from organic matter which has been trapped between layers of sediments within the Earth for millions of years. • The organic matter, typically plants, have decomposed and compressed over time, leaving what are known as fossil fuel deposits. • These deposits, and the materials produced from them, tend to be highly combustible, making them an ideal energy source. • They are difficult to obtain as they are typically retrieved through drilling or mining, but fossil fuels are worth the effort for the sheer amount of energy they produce.
- 10. Crude Oil/Petroleum • Crude oil is a non-renewable resource that builds up in liquid form between the layers of the Earth's crust. • It is retrieved by drilling deep into the ground and pumping the liquid out. The liquid is then refined and used to create many different products. • Crude oil is a very versatile fuel and is used to produce things like plastics, artificial food flavourings, heating oil, petrol, diesel, jet fuel, and propane. • The top three oil-producing countries are Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United States.
- 11. Gas • Natural gasses gather below the Earth's crust and, like crude oil, must be drilled for and pumped out. • Methane and ethane are the most common types of gasses obtained through this process. • These gasses are most commonly used in home heating as well as gas ovens and grills. • Russia, Iran, and Qatar are the countries with the largest recorded natural gas reserves.
- 12. Coal • Coal is the last of the major fossil fuels. Created by compressed organic matter, it is solid like rock and is obtained via mining. • Out of all countries, China produces the most coal by far. • According to the Statistical Review of World Energy, published in 2011 by BP, they produced an astounding 48.3% (3,240 million tons) of the world's coal in 2010, followed by the United States who produced a mere 14.8%. • Coal is most typically used in home heating and the running of power plants.
- 13. Nuclear Fuels • The other form of non-renewable resource used to produce energy, nuclear fuels, is primarily obtained through the mining and refining of uranium ore. • Uranium is a naturally occurring element found within the Earth's core. • Most uranium deposits occur in small quantities which miners gather together, refine, and purify. • Once gathered, the uranium is brought together and compounded into rods. • The rods are then submersed into tanks of water. • When it reaches critical mass, uranium begins to break down and release energy which heats the water it is immersed in. This is known as "fission." • Nuclear fuels are key to maintaining the Earth's environment since they are the cleanest of all non- renewable resource
- 14. Renewable Sources of Energy or Non conventional energy Solar energy • One of the most popular types of renewable energy is solar power. Solar energy comes from the sun, which supplies our entire planet with the energy we need to survive. Using solar panels, we can harvest energy directly from sunlight and convert it to electricity that powers our homes and businesses. Solar energy can also be used to produce hot water or charge battery systems. • Solar energy has benefits both for your bank account and for the environment. The cost of solaris constantly dropping, and installing solar on your home will almost always save you money over the lifetime of your installation. On top of that, producing solar energy doesn’t pollute or release fossil fuels, which means you can dramatically reduce your environmental impact by installing solar.
- 15. Wind power • Another type of renewable energy that we interact with every day is the wind. When you feel the wind, you’re simply feeling air moving from place to place due to the uneven heating of Earth’s surface. We can capture the power of wind using massive turbines, which generate electricity when they spin. • While not always a practical option for an individual homeowner, wind power is becoming increasingly popular for utility- scale applications. Massive wind farms spanning many square miles can be seen around the world. Like solar energy, wind power is essentially pollution-free and is a growing and important renewable energy source supplying electricity to grids around the world.
- 16. Hydroelectricity • We can produce renewable energy from moving water just like we can from moving air. Energy is generated when moving water runs through a turbine, spinning it to produce electricity. This often happens at large dams or waterfalls, where water drops significantly. • Many renewable energy sources have yet to make a significant impact on the overall world electricity mix, but hydropower is already a major player. In addition to massive projects like the Hoover Dam, hydroelectricity can be produced through smaller projects, like underwater turbines and lower dams on small rivers and streams. • Hydropower is also a non-polluting energy source, as there are no emissions generated from hydroelectric facilities. However, hydropower does have a greater environmental impact than some other renewable sources of energy, because they can change water levels, currents, and migration paths for fish and other freshwater life.
- 18. Geothermal energy • Earth has a massive energy source contained within it. Heat trapped when our planet formed, combined with heat generated from radioactive decay in rocks deep beneath the crust, results in a massive amount of geothermal heat energy. Sometimes that heat escapes in large amounts all at once, which we see as volcanic eruptions on the surface. • We can capture and use geothermal energy by using steam from heated water to spin a turbine. In a geothermal spring system, water is pumped below ground. Once it is heated, it rises back to the surface in the form of steam and spins a turbine to generate electricity. • Additionally, geothermal heat can be used directly to provide heating or cooling to buildings. With this technology, known as a ground-source heat pump, a fluid is pumped below the ground surface to be heated or cooled, where the temperature is constant year-round at about 50 degrees.
- 20. Biomass • One last example of renewable energy is biomass. Biomass energy refers to any energy produced from recently living organic matter like plants or animals. Biomass is a renewable resource because plants can be regrown relatively quickly, and they grow using renewable energy from the sun. Fuels like ethanol and biodiesel (both used for cars and trucks) also come from biomass. • Biomass fuels are also considered to be “carbon-neutral,” meaning they don’t put any extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This is assumed to be true because, in principle, as long as new plants are planted and grown whenever plants are harvested and burned for energy, those new plants will take up the carbon produced by combustion, leading to no extra carbon added to the atmosphere. However, regrowing plant life takes time, and the degree to which biomass fuel is truly carbon-neutral is up for debate.
- 22. Thank You