Eng 109 - Preparation and Evaluation of Instructional Materials: The Materials Preparation Cycle
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This document discusses instructional materials for language courses. It defines instructional materials as printed materials like books and worksheets or non-printed materials like audio recordings and videos. Instructional materials serve four main functions: as a source of language, as learning support, for motivation and stimulation, and for reference. The document also discusses the differences between authentic materials created for real-world use and created materials designed specifically for language teaching. It claims authentic materials are generally preferred because they contain real language examples. Finally, it outlines the process of preparing instructional materials which involves creating an outline, examining existing materials, arranging or modifying those materials, preparing new materials, and selecting learning activities.
Eng 109 - Preparation and Evaluation of Instructional Materials: The Materials Preparation Cycle
- 1. Preparation and Evaluationof Instructional Materials ENG 109
- 2. Instructionalmaterials are a key component in most languageprograms. It generally serve as the basisfor much of the language inputlearners receive and the language practice that occurs in theclassroom.
- 3. Instructionalmaterials can be: a) printed materialssuch as books, workbooks, worksheets orreaders b) non-printed materialssuch as cassette oraudio materials, videosor computer-based materials
- 4. c) materialsthat comprise both printedand non- printed sources suchas self-access materials and materials on theinternet
- 5. Dudley-Evans and St. John(1998, 170-171) suggest that for teachers of ESP courses, materials serve the followingfunctions: •as a sourceoflanguage •as a learning support •for motivation andstimulation •for reference
- 7. Authentic Materials - refers to the use in teaching of texts, photographs, video selections, and other teaching resources that were not specially preparedfor pedagogicalpurposes.
- 8. Created Materials - refers to textbooks and other specially developedinstructional resources.
- 9. Some have argued that authentic materials are preferred over created materials because they contain authentic language and reflect real-world uses of language compared with the contrived content of much created materials.
- 10. Advantages claimedfor authentic materials are (Phillipsand Shettlesworth 1978; Clarke 1989; Peacock 1997): • They have a positive effect on learner motivation. • They provide authentic cultural informationabout the target culture. • They provide exposureto real language.
- 11. • They relate more closely to learners' needs. • They support a more creative approach to teaching.
- 12. In both materials development and classroom teaching, the goalis to developa sequence ofactivities that leads teachers and learners through a learning route that is at an appropriate level of difficulty, is engaging, that provides both motivating and useful practice.
- 13. Goodmaterialsshould (Rowntree1997, 92): •arouse the learners'interest •remind them of their earlierlearning •tellthem what they willbelearningnext •explainnew learningcontent to them •relatethese ideasto learners'previouslearning •get learnersto think about newcontent
- 14. • helpthem get new feedbackon their learning • encourage them to practice • make sure they know what they are supposedto be doing • enable them to check their progress helpthem to dobetter
- 15. Input - refers to anything thatinitiates the learning process and that students respondto in some way in using thematerial.
- 16. Different Kinds of Materialsfor Language Subjects •Grammar materials •Listeningmaterials •Readingmaterials •Writingmaterials •Speakingmaterials •Materialsthat are availableon the Internet
- 18. PREPARE A WORKING OUTLINE (SYLLABUS) EXAMINING EXISTING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ARRANGING OR MODIFYINGEXISTING MATERIALS PREPARING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS SELECTINGOR PREPARING LEARNER ACTIVITIES
- 19. PREPARE A WORKING OUTLINE (SYLLABUS) • It is based on the instructional strategy. • It is based on measurable, sequencedperforming objectives. • It shouldbe based onthe instructional event.
- 20. EXAMINING EXISTING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS • You can use existing instructionalmaterials, if they fit your strategy- this saves up a lot oftime and money.
- 21. ARRANGING OR MODIFYING EXISTING MATERIALS •Securecopyright. •Arrangematerialsto caterto your needs.
- 22. PREPARING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS •Two types of activitiesexist: IndividualorGroup SELECTING OR PREPARING LEARNER ACTIVITIES
- 23. • Almost any type of experiencecan be transformed into an individuallearningactivity, if: 1. Outcomes are specifiedin advance. 2. Outcomes can becomparedto pre-established performance objectives. 3. The experiencemeets learner and instructor needs.
- 25. BSE 3A – English Mariano Quinto Alarilla Polytechnic College