ENG 411B Day 5 - Module 3 Overview

PHRASES
Next stage for analyzing
grammar in context:
1. Main Verb Phrase
2. Prepositional Phrases
3. Nonfinite Verb Phrases
ENG 411B
Principles of Modern Grammar
Module 3 Overview

ENG 411B
http://acompletewasteofmakeup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/goals.jpg
Module 3 Goals
An ability to identify and analyze in context:

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1. the main verb
phrase of any
clause
Module 3 Goals

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• What is the main verb phrase?
• What is the main verb phrase formula?
• How do you recognize the main verb
phrase in the context of a clause?
• What are key markers for the main
verb phrase?
Module 3 Goals
1. the main verb
phrase of any
clause

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2. verb tenses
and
compound
verb forms
Module 3 Goals

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• What are the verb tenses?
• What are verb forms?
• How do you recognize verb forms in
the context of the main verb phrase
formula?
• What are key markers for verb forms?
Module 3 Goals
2. verb tenses
and
compound
verb forms

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3. passive
structures
Module 3 Goals

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• What is the passive structure?
• What relationship does the passive
structure have to the main verb phrase
formula?
• How do you recognize the passive
structure?
• What is key marker for the passive
structure?
Module 3 Goals
3. passive
structures

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4. prepositional
phrases
Module 3 Goals

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• What is a prepositional phrase?
• How do you recognize a prepositional
phrase in the context of a clause or
sentence?
• What are key markers for the
prepositional phrase?
Module 3 Goals
4. prepositional
phrases

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5. infinitive
phrases
Module 3 Goals

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• What is an infinitive phrase?
• How do you recognize an infinitive
phrase in the context of a clause or
sentence?
• What are key markers for the infinitive
phrase?
Module 3 Goals
5. infinitive
phrases

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6. participle
phrases and
gerund
phrases
Module 3 Goals

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• What is a participle phrase?
• What is a gerund phrase?
• What are the similarities and
differences?
• How do you recognize one from the
other?
• What are key markers for the participle
phrase?
• What are key markers for the gerund
phrase?
Module 3 Goals
6. participle
phrases and
gerund
phrases

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Module 3 Key Markers
http://www.fantom-xp.com/wp_23_~_Markers.html

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1. main verb phrase and MVP Formula

• TENSE + modal + have +{-en} + be + {-ing} + MAIN VERB
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Main Verb Phrase Formula

• TENSE and MAIN VERB are the only REQUIRED elements
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• TENSE and MAIN VERB must be present to be a Main
Verb Phrase. NOT present, NOT a Main Verb Phrase
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• TENSE and MAIN VERB must be present to be a Main
Verb Phrase. NOT present, NOT a Main Verb Phrase
• Passive Construction - be + {-en} - is the only exception
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2. verb tenses and verb forms

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Verb Tenses

Verb Tenses
• In English, only PRESENT tense and PAST tense
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Verb Tenses
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Verb Forms

Verb Tenses
Verb Forms
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Verb Tenses
Verb Forms
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• Simple Present or Simple Past

Verb Tenses
Verb Forms
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• Present Perfect or Past Perfect

Verb Tenses
Verb Forms
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• Present Progressive or Past Progressive

Verb Tenses
Verb Forms
• Present Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive
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Verb Tenses
Verb Forms
• Present Perfect Progressive or Past Perfect Progressive
• Passive Construction - be + {-en} - is the only exception
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3. passive structures

• Passive is a grammatical structure: BE + {-en}
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• Passive is a Main Verb Phrase and analyzed as a Main
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Verb Phrase

(Passive is NOT the same thing as Simple Past form)
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Verb Phrase
• Passive takes tense

• Passive can function with all of the auxiliaries in the Main
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Verb Phrase
Verb Phrase Formula

• Passive can function with all of the auxiliaries in the Main
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Verb Phrase
Verb Phrase Formula
• Object is “doer” of action
• Subject is “receiver” of action

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4. prepositional phrases

• PREPOSITION + Nominal = prepositional phrase
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• Nominal is the OBJECT of the preposition
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• Prepositional Phrases can modify words, phrases,
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clauses, or whole sentences.

• Prepositional Phrases can modify words, phrases,
• Prepositional Phrases most commonly function
adjectivally or adverbially; can function nominally
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clauses, or whole sentences.

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5. infinitive phrases

• INFINITIVE = unmarked base form of a verb, normally
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preceded by the infinitive marker TO

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• to + verb

• Infinitive phrase can modify words, phrases, clauses, or
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• to + verb
whole sentences.

• Infinitive phrase can function nominally, adjectivally, or
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• to + verb
whole sentences.
adverbially.

• Infinitive phrase can include subject or complements.
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• to + verb
whole sentences.
adverbially.

• Infinitive phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it
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• to + verb
whole sentences.
adverbially.
NEVER takes TENSE.

• Infinitive phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it
• Must be able to recognize the difference between the
infinitive marker TO and the preposition TO.
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• to + verb
whole sentences.
adverbially.
NEVER takes TENSE.

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6. participle phrases

• While they are called “past” participle and “present”
participle phrase, more accurately should be called
“perfect” participle and “progressive” participle phrase.
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• verb + {-en}
• verb + {-ing}

• Participle phrase can modify words, phrases, clauses, or
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• verb + {-en}
• verb + {-ing}
whole sentences.

• Participle phrase can function adjectivally or adverbially.
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• verb + {-en}
• verb + {-ing}
whole sentences.

• Participle phrase can include subject or complements.
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• verb + {-en}
• verb + {-ing}
whole sentences.

• Participle phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it
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• verb + {-en}
• verb + {-ing}
whole sentences.
NEVER takes TENSE.

• Participle phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it
• Must be able to tell the difference between a participle
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• verb + {-en}
• verb + {-ing}
whole sentences.
NEVER takes TENSE.
phrase and a gerund phrase

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7. gerund phrases

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7. gerund phrases
• Gerund phrase only uses the “present” participle
(progressive) inflection.

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}
• Gerund phrase can only function nominally.

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}
• Gerund phrase can occupy any noun position (nominal
slot) in a sentence.

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}
• The most common are subject, direct object, and object
of preposition.

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}
of preposition.
• Gerund phrase can include subject or complements.

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}
of preposition.
• Gerund phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it
NEVER takes TENSE.

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7. gerund phrases
• verb + {-ing}
of preposition.
• Gerund phrase is NOT a main verb phrase because it
NEVER takes TENSE.
• Must be able to tell the difference between a participle
phrase and a gerund phrase

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Module 3 Sample Analysis
http://missriki.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/nonsequiter.gif

The subdued smile which, though it did not suit her faded features,
always played round her lips expressed, as in a spoiled child, a
continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she neither
wished, nor could, nor considered it necessary, to correct.
ENG 411B
http://benaldin.blogspot.com/2012/02/
sentence-elements.html
from War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2600

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Main Verb Phrase and Main Verb Phrase Formula

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1. did . . . suit - present + modal + suit

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2. played - past + play

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3. expressed - past + express

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4. wished - past + wish

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5. could - present + modal

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5. could - present + modal
6. considered - past + consider

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Verb Forms

Verb Forms
1. did . . . suit - present + modal + suit = simple present
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Verb Forms
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2. played - past + play = simple past

Verb Forms
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3. expressed - past + express = simple past

Verb Forms
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4. wished - past + wish = simple past

Verb Forms
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5. could - present + modal = simple present*

Verb Forms
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5. could - present + modal = simple present*
6. considered - past + consider = simple past

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Passive Structure

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Passive Structure
No Passive Structures Present

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Passive Structure
Possible Example:

continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she
neither wished, nor could, nor considered it necessary, to correct.
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Passive Structure
Possible Example:

continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she
A continual consciousness of her charming defect was expressed by
the subdued smile.
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Passive Structure
Possible Example:

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Prepositional Phrases

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1. round her lips - round (prep) + her lips (object)
Functioning adverbially to modify PLAYED

2. as in a spoiled child - as in (prep) a spoiled child (object)
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Functioning adverbially to modify EXPRESSED

2. as in a spoiled child - as in (prep) a spoiled child (object)
3. of her charming defect - of (prep) her charming defect (object)
Functioning adjectivally to modify CONSCIOUSNESS
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Functioning adverbially to modify EXPRESSED

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Infinitive Phrases

Functioning nominally as the direct object of WISHED
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Infinitive Phrases
1. to correct

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Participle Phrases

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Participle Phrases
1. subdued - past participle
Functioning adjectivally to modify SMILE

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Participle Phrases
2. faded - past participle
Functioning adjectivally to modify FEATURES

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Participle Phrases
3. spoiled - past participle
Functioning adjectivally to modify CHILD

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Participle Phrases
3. spoiled - past participle
Functioning adjectivally to modify CHILD
4. charming- present participle
Functioning adjectivally to modify DEFECT

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Gerund Phrases

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Gerund Phrases
No Gerund Phrases Present

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Gerund Phrases
Possible Example:

The subdued smile which, though it did not suit her faded
features, always played round her lips expressed, as in a spoiled
child, a continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she
ENG 411B
Gerund Phrases
Possible Example:

The subdued smile which, though it did not suit her faded
features, always played round her lips expressed, as in a spoiled
child, a continual consciousness of her charming defect, which she
ENG 411B
Gerund Phrases
Possible Example:
though smiling did not suit her faded features

ENG 411B
Module 3 Schedule
Module Three – Phrases
6 M Sep 29 Module 3 Overview; Analyzing
in Context/Markers and Keys
for Module 3
READ Section 5
Online Work Proficiencies Available Oct 1
Send Samples to Dr. Nagelhout
by Oct 3
COMPLETE Quiz 5; Quiz
6 by Oct 3
COMPLETE OLE 3; OLE
4 by Oct 3
COMPLETE Discussion
Posts by Oct 3
7 M Oct 6 In-Class Presentations; In-
Class Practice
COMPLETE Proficiency
1; Proficiency 2;
Proficiency 3;
Proficiency 4 by Oct 10
Online Work Complete Proficiencies
Proficiency Answers Available
Oct 11
8 M Oct 13 Module Three Exam Prep
COMPLETE Module
Three Exam by Oct 17
Online Work Module Three Exam Available
Oct 13
Complete Module Three Exam

ENG 411B
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ENG 411B Day 5 - Module 3 Overview

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ENG 411B Day 5 - Module 3 Overview