Engine classification,components and fuels
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The document discusses the key parts and classifications of internal combustion engines. It describes the major components of an engine like the cylinder block, cylinder head, pistons, crankshaft and camshaft. It then covers the different types of cylinder arrangements found in engines like inline, V-shaped, opposed, radial and rotary configurations. The document also discusses the different classifications of engines based on aspects like the number of strokes, type of fuel and ignition method, firing order, cooling type and valve train layout.
Engine classification,components and fuels
- 2. ENGINE PARTS Cylinder block Cylinder head Crank case Piston Piston rings Gudgeon pin Intake and exhaust valve Camshaft Crankshaft Timing gears
- 3. CYLINDER BLOCK Cast iron Aluminum alloy Water jacket
- 5. LINER Cast steel Cast iron Press fit
- 6. CYLINDER HEAD Aluminum alloy Cast iron (combustion chamber)hemisphere
- 8. VALVE OR TAPPET CLEARANCE Spring retainer
- 9. CRANK CASE Cast iron Cast steel
- 10. CRANK CASE
- 11. CRANK CASE
- 12. PISTON Aluminum alloy Cast iron Gudgeon pin Forged steel Case hardened steel
- 13. PISTON RINGS Cast iron Pressed steel alloy Compression ring Oil ring
- 14. CRANK SHAFT Forged steel Cast steel
- 15. CAM SHAFT Forged steel Cast iron and cast steel Push rod • Forged steel • High speed (X)
- 16. CAMSHAFT
- 17. SOHC AND DOHC Forged steel Cast iron and cast steel
- 18. CONNECTING ROD Forged steel Aluminum alloy
- 19. CONTD.
- 20. VALVES Forged steel Cast alloy Opening Camshaft Closing spring
- 21. DESMODROMIC VALVE OPERATION Used by Ducati
- 22. GEAR TIMING Timing belt drive Timing gear drive Timing chain drive
- 23. BELT TIMING
- 25. ENGINE CLASSIFICATION No of strokes per cycle(Two or Four) Type of fuel burned Method of ignition Firing order Reciprocating or rotary No of cylinders Arrangement of cylinders Arrangement of valves and valve trains Type of cooling
- 26. POSITION ARRANGEMENT & NUMBER OF CYLINDERS Single Cylinder Inline Cylinders V Engine ‰Opposed Cylinder Engine ‰W Engine ‰Opposed Piston Engine ‰Radial Engine
- 28. ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS Single cylinder: Engine has one cylinder and piston connected to the crankshaft. ‰In-Line: Cylinders are positioned in a straight line, one behind the other along the length of the crankshaft. Number of cylinders may vary from 2 to 11 or even more. In- line four-cylinder engines are very common for automobiles. In-line engines are also referred to as straight such as straight six or straight eight
- 30. ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS V Engine: Two banks of cylinders at an angle with each other along a single crankshaft. The angle between the banks of cylinders is usually within 60-90. V engines have even numbers of cylinders ranging from 2 to 20 or more. V6 and V8 are the common engines with six and eight cylinders respectively. Opposed Cylinder Engine: Two banks of cylinders opposite to each other on a single crankshaft. These are mostly used in small aircraft and some automobiles with an even number of cylinders from two to eight or more. These engines are also called flat engines such as flat four.
- 32. Boxer engine
- 33. ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS W Engine: Similar to that of V engine except with three banks of cylinders on the same crankshaft. This type of arrangement has been used in some racing cars. Opposed Piston Engine: Two pistons in each cylinder with the combustion chamber located centrally between the pistons. A single-combustion process causes two power strokes at the same time, with each piston being pushed away from the center and delivering power to a separate crankshaft at each end of the cylinder Engine output is either on two rotating crankshafts or on one crankshaft incorporating a complex mechanic linkage.
- 34. ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS Radial Engine: Engine with pistons positioned in a circular plane around the central crankshaft. The connecting rods of the pistons are connected to the crankshaft through a master rod. A bank of cylinders on a radial engine always has an odd number of cylinders ranging from 3 to 13 or more Many medium-and large-size propeller-driven aircraft use radial engines. For large aircraft, two or more banks of cylinders are mounted together, one behind the other on a single crankshaft, making a powerful and smooth engine.
- 37. FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE(INLINE) 4 cylinder in line.mp4
- 38. FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE(V TYPE) 4 cylinder v type.mp4
- 39. FOUR CYLINDER ENGINE(OPPOSED) • Balancing • Less inertia • Subaru • Aerodynami c drag
- 40. FIVE CYLINDER ENGINE(INLINE) 5 cylinder.mp4
- 42. 8 CYLINDER ENGINE(V TYPE) 8 cylinder.mp4
- 43. W TYPE
- 44. RADIAL TYPE
- 47. Mazda RX7 and RX8 Rotary engnie
- 48. VALVE LOCATIONS ‰ Valves in head (overhead valve), also called I-head engine . ‰ Valves in block (flat head), also called L-head engine. Some historic engines with valves in block had the intake valve on one side of the cylinder, and the exhaust valve on the other side. These were called T- head engines. ‰ One valve in head (usually intake) and one in block, also called F-head engine .
- 49. VALVE LOCATIONS
- 51. VALVE TRAINS Times the opening and closing of the cylinder valves Ensures opening and closing is kept in sync
- 52. TYPES OF VALVE TRAINS
- 53. TYPE OF COOLING Air Cooled‰ Liquid Cooled/Water Cooled
- 54. NO OF STROKES ‰ Four Stroke Cycle Experiences 4 strokes of the Piston movements over 2 revolutions of the crankshaft ‰ Two Stroke Cycle Experiences 2 strokes of the Piston movements over 1 revolution of the crankshaft
- 55. FUEL USED Using volatile fuels like gasoline, alcohol, kerosene ‰ Using gaseous fuels like natural gas, biogas ‰ Using viscous fuels like diesel ‰ Using dual fuel methanol (suction stroke) + diesel (comp. stroke) –CI Engine –gasoline + alcohol (gasohol)
- 56. METHOD OF IGNITION Spark Ignition: An SI engine starts the combustion process in each cycle by use of a spark plug. In early engine development, before the invention of the electric spark plug, many forms of torch of torch holes were used to initiate combustion form an external flame. ‰ Compression Ignition: The combustion process in a CI engine starts when the air-fuel mixture self-ignites due to high temperature in the combustion chamber caused by high compression .
- 57. FIRING ORDER Firing order 1 3 4 2 4 cylinder in line.mp4