Engineering Ethics (Concept and Case), Chapter 1
- 1. ENGINEERING ETHICS Sumber Utama: Charles E. Haris, Michael S. Pritchard, Michael J. Rabins
- 2. Acuan Utama
- 3. CHAPTER 1 Why Professional Ethics? Oleh: Firda Dwi S. Gobi Regio K.A Supervisor: M. Arman
- 4. WHY SHOULD I STUDY ETHICS?
- 5. WHAT IS A PROFESSION?(1of3) according to the Oxford Shorter Dictionary, “professing” has come to mean the occupation which one professes to be skilled in and to follow. . . . A vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others, or in the practice of an art based upon it. We can gain deeper insight if we look at the account of professionalism given by sociologists and philosophers. 1. A Sociological Analysis of Professionalism 2. Professions as Social Practices 3. A Socratic Account of Professionalism
- 6. WHAT IS A PROFESSION?(2of3) A Sociological Analysis of Professionalism Extensive training Vital knowledge and skills Control of services Autonomy in the workplace Claim to ethical regulation According to this sociological analysis, the identifying characteristics of professions may have one or both of two functions: altruistic and self-interest.
- 7. WHAT IS A PROFESSION?(3of3) Professions as Social Practices A profession is an example of a social practice. Without following the ideas of MacIntyre or others completely, perhaps we can say the following about a social practice. First, every social practice has one or more aims or goods that are especially associated with it or ‘‘internal’’ to it. A Socratic Account of Professionalism A profession is a number of individuals in the same occupation voluntarily organized to earn a living by openly serving a moral ideal in a morally permissible way beyond what law, market, morality, and public opinion would otherwise require.
- 8. ENGINEERING AND PROFESSIONALISM Engineering is a group activity, which openly professes special knowledge, skill, and judgment. Engineering has a goal of producing technology for the welfare of society. Definition of professionalism also leaves engineering with a questionable professional status. Taking a cue from engineering codes, one might define the goal of engineering as holding paramount the health, safety, and welfare of the public. The occupations that clearly are professions include medicine, law, veterinary medicine, architecture, accounting (at least certified public accountancy), and dentistry. Looking at the sociological or economic analysis of professionals, engineering seems to qualify only as a borderline profession. Engineers have extensive training and possess knowledge and skills that are vital to the public. However, engineers do not have anything like complete control of engineering services, at least in the United States, because a license is not required to practice many types of engineering.
- 9. TWO MODELS OF PROFESSIONALISM The Business Model • Goal: Selling something in the marketplace for profit. The Professional Model • engineers and other professionals have an implicit trust relationship with the larger public.
- 11. • Common morality is the set of moral beliefs shared by almost everyone. • We usually think of such precepts as that it is wrong to murder, lie, cheat or steal, break promises, harm others physically, and so forth. Common Morality • Personal ethics or personal morality is the set of moral beliefs that a person holds. • Our personal moral beliefs may differ from common morality in some areas. Personal Morality • Professional ethics is the set of standards adopted by professionals insofar as they view themselves acting as professionals. • Every profession has its professional ethics: medicine, law, architecture, pharmacy, and so forth. • Engineering ethics is that set of ethical standards that applies to the profession of engineering. Professional Ethics
- 12. Professional Engineering Ethics 1. Focuses on preventing disasters 2. Professional misconduct - oriented toward producing a better life for mankind through technology. +
- 13. THE NEGATIVE FACE OF ENGINEERING ETHICS: PREVENTIVE ETHICS Preventive ethics is commonly formulated in rules, and these rules are usually stated in codes of ethics. For example, code of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE), 1c ‘‘engineers shall not reveal facts, data, or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized by law or this Code.’’ Before engineers have an obligation to do good, they have an obligation to do no harm.
- 14. KASUS-KASUS BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) 1972. Goodrich A-7 Brake DC-10
- 15. THE POSITIVE FACE OF ENGINEERING ETHICS: Aspirational Ethics Good Works Ordinary Positive Engineering Aspirational ethics and professional Character: The good engineer
- 16. EXAMPLES OF GOOD WORKS
- 17. Ordinary Positive Engineering 1. An Experimental Automobile. 2. An Auditory Visual Tracker. 3. Reducing Emissions.
- 18. The ‘‘good engineer’’ is the engineer who has those traits of professional character that make him or her the best or ideal engineer.
- 19. TERIMAKASIH