Engineering SWEP / IT report.
1 like170 views
The document provides an overview of SolidWorks, an automotive design software. It discusses SolidWorks' interface and main tools, how to start a new drawing, sketch entities and features used to create 3D models, how to create orthographic views, and how assemblies are made. It also includes exercises on how to make a basic block model. In addition, it defines key automotive components and systems like engines, transmissions, suspensions, and brakes. Safety measures for the automotive workshop are also outlined.
Engineering SWEP / IT report.
- 1. A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME (SWEP). BY ABISOYE AKINLOYE MATRIC: ****** FET 200 SWEP
- 3. INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDWORKS AND ITS INTERFACE DEFINITION SolidWorks is a computer aided design software mostly used by engineers to create 3-dimension or solid form drawings. It is used to design 3D models and to assemble various mechanisms or machines. It is a mechanical design automation application use to sketch out ideas, experiment with features and dimensions and produce models and detailed drawings. Main Six area interface of SolidWorks are: • Menu bar • Command bar • Features manager bar • Status bar • Head up tool bar • Workspace area
- 4. INTERFACE
- 5. STARTING A NEW DRAWING To Start a New Drawing • Click the New tool icon from menu bar at the top of the drawing screen. (Crtl + N) • Document dialog box will appear. SolidWorks can be used to create three types of documents: Part, Assembly, and Drawing. • Click on the part tool and then click Ok box. The Part drawing screen will appear.
- 6. SKETCH ENTITIES AND TOOLS • Circle • Rectangle • Polygon • Spline • Ellipse • Fillet • Chamfer • Point • Trim • Mirror
- 7. FEATURES Features tools are used to create 3D models. A drawing usually starts with a 2D sketch and Features tools are applied to create a 3D model. They are: 1. Extruded boss/bass 2. Extruded cut 3. Hole wizard 4. Blind hole 5. Fillet 6. Chamfer 7. Revolved boss/base 8. Revolved cut etc.
- 8. ORTHOGRAPHIC Drawing Orthographic Views Using SolidWorks. SolidWorks creates orthographic views using the drawing tools found on the New SolidWorks Document box. • Start a new drawing by clicking the New tool. • Click the Drawing icon on the New SolidWorks Document box. • Click OK
- 9. Examples
- 10. ASSEMBLY These tools are used to create assembly drawings. Assembly drawings can be exploded to form isometric assembly drawings that when labeled and accompanied by a parts list become working drawings. Assembly drawing can be animated. EXERCISE How to make a block 1. > Click new tool icon or (Crtl+N) > Select top view from feature bar. > Select rectangle tool from the sketch tab then draw rectangle. > Draw two small square shape therein > Extrude, then it forms a block. N.B: Other CADs software are: AutoCAD, CATIA, Autodesk Inventor and so on.
- 11. AUTOMOBILE The term Automobile or Automotive stands for a vehicle which can be moved by itself. Therefore, an Automobile is a self-propelled vehicle. It is used for the transportation of passengers and goods from one place to another on the ground. Automobile engineering is the one of the branches of mechanical engineering. The study of automotive engineering is to design, develop, fabricate and test vehicles or vehicle components from the concept stage to production stage. Captain Nicholas Cugnot, a Frenchmen, was considered to be the father of the automobiles. (1769) The Stanley steamer car is credited with being the first self-propelled vehicle to attain a road speed of 160km per hours. The automobile can be considered to consist of five (5) basic components: a. Chassis Frame b. The Engine or Power Plant c. Transmission (clutch, axle, differential and shaft) d. Suspension, brake and steering. e. The body fitted on chassis. (Passenger compartment and accessories)
- 12. CAR ACCESSORIES • Mirror: allow driver to observe what is happening around their car. • Bumper: prevent physical damage to the front and rear of vehicles. • Fender: It is the frame of the wheel. It protects the wheel. • Hood: It provides access to engine for repair or maintenance. • Trunk: It is the main storage or luggage compartment. • Spoiler: aerodynamic device to control unfavorable air movement across of a vehicle in motion. Spoilers on the front of a vehicle are call ed air dam.
- 13. HOW CARBURETED CAR WORKS • Whenever you turn the ignition switch key to start, a circuit is closed that allows current to flow from battery to starter via solenoid starter switch. • The starter makes the engine to crank and once the engine is running, fuel flow from the fuel tank through the fuel line to the fuel pump. • Fuel pump pumps fuel through fuel filter into the intake manifold. Each fuel is mixed with air to form vaporized mixture at ratio of 14:1. “Hence, engine really runs on air with a little fuel to help it.” • Fuel-air mixture passes into the cylinder where combustion takes place. • Crankshaft receives enormous force of combustion from the reciprocating piston via connecting rod and transmit it to a rotary driving power. • At the other end of the crankshaft is a box of gear called the transmission. • If the car is manual, there will be a clutch located between the crankshaft and the transmission. The clutch tells the transmission when to disengage and engage from the rest of the drive train. But it is done automatically in automatic transmission. • When you shift the gear into Drive or first, a set of gears causes the driveshaft to turn at a particular speed. • The driveshaft runs to the rear wheels and ends in another set of gears called differential. Then car starts moving upon accelerating.
- 14. SAFETY MEASURES IN AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOP SCALDING Don't remove the radiator or expansion tank cap while the engine is hot. Engine oil, automatic transmission fluid or power steering fluid may also be dangerously hot if the engine has recently been running. BURNING Beware of burns from the exhaust system and from any part of the engine. brake discs and drums can be extremely hot immediately after use. Don't smoke while working on the automobile. CRUSHING When working under or near a raised vehicle always supplements the Jack with axle stand or car stand. Never venture under a car supported by a jack only. Take care of loosening or tightening high torque nuts when the vehicle is on stands or Jack Initial loosening and final tightening should be done with the wheels on the ground.
- 15. FIRE Fuel is highly flammable most especially petrol fuel vapor is highly flamm able. Don't let fuel spill into a hot engine. Take care when repairing and modifying the vehicle wiring. ELECTRIC SHOCK Avoid wearing ring or wrist watch when disconnecting or connecting the battery. Remove the car key if you want to work on the ignition system. FUME OR GAS INTOXICATION Exhaust fumes are poisonous; they often contain carbon monoxide which is rapidly fatal if inhaled. Never run the engine in a confined space such as a garage with the doors shut. POISONOUS OR IRRITANT SUBSTANCES Avoid skin contact with battery acid and with any fuel, fluid or lubricant especially antifreeze, brake hydraulic fluid and diesel. Don't syphon fuel or fluids by mouth. If such a substance is swallowed or gets into the eyes, seek medical advice.
- 16. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN AUTOMOBILE WORKSHOP • Jack • Jack stand • Wrenches • Engine hoist • Car lift • Multimeter • Battery charger and jumper • Press • Oil caddy • Press • Plier • Hammer • Screw driver • Funnel • Wheel alignment
- 17. MAINTENANCE OF AUTOMOBILE Maintenance is a care, measures and activities carried out to ensure good performance of auto mobiles, prolong its life span and make it more reliable. There are basically six types of maintenance in automobile. These are: • Daily maintenance: Check engine oil, water level, battery terminals and so on. • Weekly Maintenance: Check tyre pressure, battery electrolyte, lug nuts. • Scheduled maintenance: This is usually referred to as Serving. This is usually done when a vehicle has covered certain number of Kilometers or the engine oil has been used for certain number of hours. • Repair: Sometimes, it can be referred as breakdown or emergency maintenance. • Half overhauling (Ringing): Vehicles that are making excessive smoke can be subjected to this type of maintenance. • General Overhauling: This is known as a complete overhauling. It is usually carried out when the engine could not develop enough power especially during acceleration.
- 18. HOW TO SERVICE A CAR Change the engine oil. Change the oil filter Change the fuel filter Retain spark plugs that are good by cleaning and resetting of the gap or change the bad ones. Check and adjust brake and if necessary replace any worn parts. Check brake fluid, gear oil or transmission fluid and change it if necessary.
- 19. FAULT TRACING, TROUBLE SHOOTING AND REMEDIES FOR SUB-SYSTEMS OF AUTOMOBILE. Engine does not crank : Engine cranks but does not start: Excessive fuel consumption: Engine overheating: Excessive oil consumption: Excessive engine vibration: Engine idles badly: 1. Run down battery. 2. Defective ignition system. 3. Plugged fuel filter. 4. Faulty kick starter. 1. Discharge battery 2. Defective starting circuit. 3. Defective starting motor. 4. Defective ignition system. 1. Lack of coolant. 2. Defective radiator hose. 3. Defective water pump. 4. Clogged water jackets or radiator cores. 5. Loose or broken fan belt 6. Insufficient lubricating oil. 1. Possibility of external leaks. 2. Burning oil in the combustion cha mber. 3. High speed driving. 1. High speed driving 2. Unnecessary and frequent application of brake. 3. Wheel misalignment. 4. Carburetor leakage 5. Fuel pump leakage 6. Excessive fuel pump press ure. 1. Fan blades out of balance. 2. Loose or ineffective mounting rubber. 3.Loose attachment of sub-syste ms attached to the engine. 4. Loose engine bolts. 1. Air leak. 2. Incorrect idle speed adjustment.
- 20. TROUBLESHOOTING SOUND AND SMOKE SOUND • If a fan belt or accessory belt "sings" (makes a continuous, high pitched sound) Readjust or rub a bit of petroleum jelly on the underside of the belt. • If radiator "sings" Check the radiator pressure cover. They rubber gasket may be worn, and steam fr om the hot engine may be escaping. • If the hear squeaking when you step on the brake The brake pads or brake disc probably worn out. • If you hear the engine running after you've turned of the ignition The engine is dieseling due to using fuel with high octane rating. • If the car idles with offbeat rhythm It's probably misfiring: one of the spark plugs or wires that connect them to distri bution cap may be at fault.
- 21. SMOKE If you see white vapor on a cold morning Disregard it if it stops after the car warms up. Of it continues after the car is warm, the engine block or cylinder head or a leak head gasket may be letting water into the engine. Black Smoke High consumption of fuel. The fuel/air mixture may need to be adjusted to a leaner setting. Light or dark blue smoke The vehicle is burning oil, which indicates that oil is leaking into the combustion chamber and you may need to replace piston rings. Light gray smoke The car may be burning automatic transmission fluid. Check the transmission dipstick. Is the fluid dark? Does it smell burnt? With luck, you may need to change the fluid.
- 22. SAFE CONNECTION AND DISCONNECTION OF BATTERY The battery stores electric current for starting the car, turning on the lights and powering the ignition system. 1. On the battery, attached to either the top or the sides of the box, are two large metal terminal. 2. One positive terminal; the other is a negative terminal. You can tell which because positive termin al is usually larger and may have a "+" sign 3. On many vehicles, there's a red cap on the positive terminal, and the negative terminal is usually black. 4. Most car are negative ground or earthen, which means that the wire from the negative terminal is attached to the frame of the vehicle to ground it, and the wire from the positive terminal leads to the starter, ignition and so on. 5. Always remove the cable clamp from the negative terminal first. 6. Replace the positive cable first and negative cable last. If you attempt to remove the positive clamp first and your wrench slips and touches something metal, your wrench can fuse to the part like an arc welder. Which may later damage the brain box of the car.
- 23. HOW TO TEST A CAR BATTERY WITH MULTIMETER • Put the ignition key and turn it to the run position. • Turn the headlights ON for about 2 minutes and this will get rid of any surface charges the battery may have. • Two minutes later shut the headlights off and go to the battery terminals or lead. Turn on the voltmeter and set the voltage to 20 volts or something above 15 volts. • Connect red probe of the multimeter to the positive terminal of the battery and connect the black probe to negative terminal. • Let say the voltage is around 12 volts, it is good. But, just because it has a good volt age doesn't mean the battery is good. The battery could be holding a charge but do esn't have the cold cranking. • Start the car with the probes not disconnected from the battery terminals. If the volta ge drops below 10 volts, then the battery is faulty. • When you start the engine the voltage will first drop down (but not below 10 volts) a nd then it popped back up. That's is because the alternator is charging the battery. • The battery checks out has enough cranking amps and the cells are good. Hence, the battery is good.
- 24. What is under the Hood? Components of the IC Engine
- 25. TYPES OF I.C ENGINE • According to the cycle of Operation used 4 strokes & 2 strokes • According to the fuel used Gas, petrol, diesel or oil engine • According to the method of ignition Spark ignition: Petrol or gas engine & Compressed ignition: Diesel and oil engines.