Enhancing Web-Based Meetings with WebRTC Technology: A Comprehensive Survey

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 01 | Jan 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2024, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 535
Enhancing Web-Based Meetings with WebRTC Technology: A
Comprehensive Survey
Prof. Sayli Haldavanekar1, Savita Choudhary2, Sandeep Biradi3, Prathamesh Chavan4, Vijay
Wakure5
1Professor, Dept. Computer Engineering, Alard College of Engineering and Management, Maharashtra, India
2Student, Dept. Computer Engineering, Alard College of Engineering and Management, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - This survey critically assesses the contemporary
landscape of real-time collaboration platforms developed
through WebRTC technology, with a specific focusontheirkey
components and functionalities. These platformsfacilitatethe
creation and management of virtual meeting spaces,
integrating immersive technologies like Virtual Reality (VR)
and Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance user experiences. The
survey addresses challenges such as end-to-enddelays, quality
of service improvements, and congestion control methods,
exploring advanced algorithmscrucialforensuringaseamless
user experience. Additionally, the paper investigates the
integration of WebRTC with Artificial Intelligence (AI),
anticipating future trends in real-time collaboration. The
findings highlight the transformative potential of WebRTC-
based collaboration platforms, laying a foundation for
ongoing research to refine online communicationexperiences.
Overall, this survey provides valuable insights into thecurrent
state and future possibilities of WebRTC technology in the
realm of real-time collaboration.
Key Words: WebRTC, Congestion Control, Quality of
Service (QoS), Virtual Reality, Push-Communication,
Rich Web-Based Applications, Contact Center Systems,
Artificial Intelligence
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Real-time collaborative web tools have transformed
online communication, thanks to the convergence of
WebRTC and immersive technologies, as explored in recent
research publications. These advancements have played a
crucial role in reshaping modern communication by
providing innovative, interactive, and collaborative online
experiences. Understanding the historical context and
technological foundations of these tools is essential for
grasping their transformative impact.
1.2 Scope of Real-Time Collaborative Web Tools
The scope of real-time collaborative web tools goes
beyond traditional communication methods, presenting a
multifaceted approach to online interactions. Ranging from
video conferencing to interactive streaming and virtual
reality, these tools redefine how individuals connect, learn,
and collaborate in the digital realm. This section thoroughly
explores the diverse applications and functionalities that
make these tools integral to various domains.
1.3 Significance of the Survey
This survey holds paramountsignificanceasitdelvesinto
the advancements, challenges, and applications within the
domain of real-time collaborative web tools. With the
increasing demand for seamless online collaboration,
understanding state-of-the-art technologies, practical
implementations, and potential future trends becomes
imperative. The survey aims to provide a comprehensive
overview for researchers, developers, and stakeholders
interested in the evolution of online communication tools.
The survey acts as a valuable resource, offering insights
into the dynamic landscape of real-time collaborative web
tools, providing a holistic understanding of theircapabilities
and limitations. By emphasizing key findings from recent
research publications, the survey contributes to the
collective knowledge in this rapidly evolving field.
Researchers and developers can leverage this overview to
make informed decisions, foster innovation, and shape the
future of online collaboration.
2. Literature Review
The development of real-time meeting platforms has
witnessed significant advancements, largely influenced by
key research contributions in the realm of WebRTC and
related technologies. Bhattacharya, Ganuly, and Sau[2] in
their paper "Improving Perceived QoS of Delay-sensitive
Video Against A Weak Last-mile: A Practical Approach",
address the crucial challenge of deliveringhigh-qualityvideo

experiences, a concern directly aligned with the goals of our
WebRTC-basedmeetingplatform.Theirpracticalapproachto
enhancing Quality of Service (QoS) resonateswithplatform's
commitment to providing users with a seamless and reliable
video communication experience.
A pertinent consideration in the quest for optimal real-time
multimedia communication is explored by Flohr and
Rathgeb[3] in"ReducingEnd-to-EndDelaysinWebRTCusing
the FSE-NG Algorithm for SCReAM Congestion Control". As
we navigate the intricacies of online meetings, their
investigation into mitigatingdelays becomes invaluable.The
FSE-NG algorithm they propose could serve as acornerstone
in our efforts to minimize end-to-end delays andenhancethe
overall responsiveness of meeting platform.
While Shetty, Bein, Nistor, and Pickl's paper [4], "Semiotic
Recognition System", focuses on hand gesture interaction in
WebRTC, it introduces an innovative dimension to user
engagement. Though not directly aligned with our project,
the insights gained from their work could inspire creative
features for enhancing participant interaction within
meetings.
In the pursuit of stable and interactive communication,
Emara, Fong, Khaisti, Tan, Zhu, and Apostolopoulos[6]
present a solution in "Low-Latency Network-Adaptive Error
Control for Interactive Streaming". Their network-adaptive
algorithm addressesthechallengesoflow-latencyinteractive
communications, providing valuable insights for ensuring a
stable communication experienceinWebRTC-basedmeeting
platform.
The paper authored by Barakovic Husic, Alic, Barakovic, and
Mrkaja[7], titled "QoE Prediction of WebRTC Video Calls
Using Google Chrome Statistics", brings a predictive
perspective to our platform. Their exploration of Quality of
Experience (QoE) prediction aligns with emphasis on
troubleshooting and user satisfaction, providing a basis for
predicting and enhancing the overall quality of user
experience during meetings.
As we delve into real-world implementations, Islam and
Welzl's paper[8], "Real-Life Implementation and Evaluation
of Coupled Congestion Control for WebRTC Media and Data
Flows", offers practical insights. Their investigation into
coupled congestion control mechanisms can guide us in
optimizing bandwidth allocation and improving the overall
system performanceofourWebRTC-basedmeetingplatform.
Together, these research contributions form a solid
foundation, enriching understanding and guiding the
development of a robust and user-centric real-time meeting
platform.
3. Key Components and Functionalities
The virtual meeting platform encompasses a robust set of
key components and functionalities, leveraging WebRTC
technology for real-time communication. The creation and
joining of virtual meeting spaces are facilitated through a
streamlined interface, presenting users with options to
either establish a new room or enter an existing one. Room
creation involves a form with fields for room ID, participant
name, and password authentication, providing a secure and
personalized meeting environment. A video settings panel
accompanies the creation process, offering troubleshooting
capabilities and controlsfor addingparticipants,muting, and
managing cameras.
For troubleshooting audio and video issues, the platform
integrates a dedicated section equipped with real-time
solutions. Leveraging algorithmic approaches, the system
identifies common problems and provides users with
prompt resolutions, enhancing the overall reliability of the
communication experience.
Participant management and controls are central to the
platform's functionality, offering a seamless entry process
with a room ID, participant name, and password input form.
The main meeting screen displays live video feeds of
participants, with a sidebar providing an overview of all
participants and interactive controls for muting, video
toggling, and participant removal.
Collaborative tools include a whiteboard feature, complete
with predefined shapes to facilitate diagram drawing.
Additionally, an AI-driven chat system enhances user
interaction by enabling in-meeting searches and providing
assistance. The AI extends its capabilities to diagram
creation by responding to prompts, ensuring a dynamic and
responsive collaboration environment.
Fig-1: WebRTC Communication Process

Emerging features furtherenrichtheplatform.Integrationof
VR and AR technologies enhances educational experiences,
while low-latencyadaptiveerrorcontrol algorithmsimprove
video streaming quality. Advanced congestion control
algorithms, such as FSE-NG, are employed to mitigate end-
to-end delays. The platform also integrates a semiotic
recognition system, enabling users to interact with web
applications using hand gestures. Furthermore, the
incorporation of a stylefor push-communicationinrich web-
based applications introduces real-time notifications,
aligning with contemporary communication requirements.
Overall, the platform combines these technical components
to offer a comprehensive and cutting-edge solution for
efficient and engaging online communication.
4. Challenges and Solutions in WebRTC
Implementation
4.1 Addressing End-to-End Delays
The presence of end-to-end delays in WebRTC
implementations can impact the real-time nature of
multimedia communication, particularly in scenarioswhere
face-to-face meetings are not possible, as highlighted by the
2020 Corona pandemic.
To mitigate end-to-end delays, the implementation
incorporates the FSE-NG algorithm for SCReAM congestion
control, extending its capabilities to link DataChannel flows
controlled by TCP-style and MediaChannels controlled by
NADA and RTP congestion control algorithms. Simulations
demonstrate the effectiveness of this approachindrastically
reducing delays and increasing RTP throughput.
4.2 Strategies for Improving Quality of Service
The perceived Quality of Service(QoS)fordelay-sensitive
video feeds in interactive applications faces challenges,
particularly in last-mile impairments, which can lead to
frame-drop and reduction in overall Quality of Experience
(QoE).
The presented approach proposes a novel strategy to
improve perceived QoS by creating an approximation of
corrupted frames. Instead of focusing on regaining lost
information, the system minimizes the effectsoflostpackets
through forward error correction, allowing remote users to
experience a better perceived QoS in the presence of
weakened last-mile connections.
4.3 Congestion Control Approaches
WebRTC, being widely used for real-time multimedia
communication, still encounters issues with how different
congestion control algorithms of Media- and DataChannels
interact, leading to self-inflicted queuing delays.
The FSE-NG algorithm is extended to incorporate flows
controlled by RTP congestioncontrol SCREAM,inadditionto
NADA. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach
significantly reduces end-to-end delays, increases RTP
throughput, and enables WebRTC communication in
scenarios where it was previously not applicable.
4.4 Real-Life Implementation Challenges
Real-life deployment of WebRTC implementations faces
challenges in dealing with practical last-mile impairments
and ensuring optimal performance in diverse network
conditions.
The presented approach involves a real-life
implementation of coupled congestion control for WebRTC
media and data flows. The study explores solutions to
competition between different congestion controllers,
showcasing thatcollaborativemechanismscanfairlyallocate
bandwidth, reduce overall delay, and improve system
performance in practical last-mile scenarios.
These challenges and solutions provide insights into the
complexities of WebRTC implementation, emphasizing the
importance of addressing end-to-enddelays,improving QoS,
refining congestion control approaches, and overcoming
real-life deployment challenges for optimal performance in
various communication scenarios.
5. Future Prospects and Emerging Technologies
The landscape of real-time collaboration is on the brink of
transformative developments, with the integration of
immersive technologies leading the charge. Virtual Reality
(VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)areanticipatedto redefine
virtual meetings, offering users an engaging and interactive
communication experience. This shift towards more
immersive environments could fundamentally change the
way individuals interact and collaborate online.
Concurrently, the synergy between WebRTC and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) is poised to elevatethecapabilitiesofonline
communication platforms. This integration holds the
promise of more intelligent systems, with AI-drivenfeatures
enhancing adaptive streaming, troubleshooting, and overall
user experience. As these technologies converge, the future
of real-time collaboration appears to be one of heightened
interactivity and intelligent responsiveness.
In addition to these advancements, the exploration and
integration of new technologies are set to shape the
landscape of collaborative web tools. The emergence of 5G
networks, advancements in edge computing, and improved
Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity are expected to
contribute to seamless and high-performance collaboration
experiences. These technological enablershavethepotential
to enhance the reliability, speed, and responsivenessofreal-
time collaborative applications. Moreover, the anticipated
enhancements in collaborative web tools point towards a

more sophisticated future, with features like real-time
language translation, advanced content classification, and
smart emotion recognition poised to redefine the dynamics
of online collaboration. As these innovations converge, the
future holds the promise of a more advanced, inclusive, and
dynamic online communication landscape.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, the examination of WebRTC technologyin the
realm of real-time collaborationhas unveiledtransformative
insights. The integration of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented
Reality (AR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands out as a
key trend, promising to reshape virtual meetings by
providing immersive and intelligent communication
experiences. Addressing challenges like end-to-end delays
and improving quality of service has propelled the
development of more robust WebRTC implementations.
Looking ahead, the implications for future research are
substantial, calling for continued exploration into emerging
technologies and innovative solutions, particularly in the
integration of AI with WebRTC. As the journey towards
advanced onlinecommunication experiencesprogresses, the
convergence of WebRTC with cutting-edge technologies
holds great potential to redefine how individuals connect
and collaborate in the digital realm.
REFERENCES
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and WebRTC implementation for Web educational
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Sau, Improving Perceived QoS of Delay-sensitive Video
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