Environment: air

Dr. Rahul B. Pandit
Faculty of Nursing
Sassoon General Hospital, Pune
ENVIRONMENT
: AIR

Air to be one of four elementary
substances along with Earth, Fire and Water.
Air is viewed as fundamental component
of universe.
DEFINITION

1. Air supplies the life-giving oxygen.
2. Human body cooled by air contact.
3. Hearing & smell stimuli transmitted.
4. Disease agents may be conveyed.
5. Pollution of air by dust, smoke, toxic gases &
chemical vapors .
INTRODUCTION

Air is a Mechanical mixture of gases.
 Nitrogen (78.1%)
 Oxygen (20.93%)
 Carbon dioxide (0.03%)
 Others gases : Argon Neon krypton Helium
COMPOSITION

 Respiration: Of men and animals
 Combustion: Of coal, gas, oil, etc.
 Decomposition: Of organic matter
 Processes: Trade, traffic and manufacturing
processes given off dust , fumes, vapors,
gases.
AIR IMPURITIES

 Wind
 Sunlight
 Rain
 Plant life
SELF CLEANSING
MECHANISMS

Air pollution is the introduction of
chemicals, particulate matter, or
biological materials that cause harm or
discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or cause damage to the
natural environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere.
AIR POLLUTION

According to W.H.O, An increase in
any of the constituents of the atmosphere
which is harmful to the living beings and
their environment, is known as air
pollution.
AIR POLLUTION

1. Automobiles: motor vehicles
2. Industries
3. Domestic sources
4. Tobacco smoke
5. Natural sources : Wind fungi Borne dust Bacteria
6. Miscellaneous
a)Pesticide
b)Radioactive fallout
c)Fertilizer dust
d)Mining activity
e)Mills and plants
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTION

 Carbon monoxide
 Sulphur dioxide
 Lead
 Carbon dioxide
 Hydrocarbons
 Cadmium
 Hydrogen sulphide
 Ozone
 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
AIR POLLUTANTS

1. Carbon Monoxide
2. Sulfur Dioxide
3. Nitrogen Dioxide
4. Particulate Matter
5. Ground Level Ozone
MAJOR POLLUTANTS

1. Health aspects
2. Social & economic aspects
3. Other effects
EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION

Health aspects Immediate effects
 Chronic bronchitis
 Acute bronchitis
 Lung cancer
 Suffocation
 Emphysema
 Bronchial asthma
 Respiratory allergies
EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION

Social & Economic aspects
 Destruction of plant & animal life
 Corrosion of metals
 Damage to buildings
 Cost of cleaning & maintenance and Repairs
 Reduces visibility in towns.
 It can soil & damage clothing's
EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION

Other Effects of air pollution:
 Greenhouse effect
 Acid rain
 Increased UV radiation
 Global warming
EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION

Containment:
1. Dust collection system
2. Scrubber system
 Replacement
 International action
 Dilution
 Legislation
PREVENTION & CONTROL
OF AIR POLLUTION

WHO recommended procedure
1. Containment: Prevention of escape of toxic
substance in atmosphere by enclosure, ventilation
and air cleaning
2. Replacement: replacement of coal, firewood, lead
petrol by new technology e.g. electricity, natural
gases, central heating, solar power etc.
3. Dilution: self cleaning capacity of environment.
E.g. establishment of greenbelt.
OF AIR POLLUTION

WHO recommended procedure
4. Legislation: Formulation, implementation
and monitoring of environmental act and
regulation
5. International Action: WHO established an
international network of laboratories for
the monitoring and study of air pollution
OF AIR POLLUTION

 Use of public transport
 Conserve energy
 Understand concept of Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle.
 Emphasis on clean energy resources
 Use of energy efficient devices.
OF AIR POLLUTION

 Mechanical ventilation
 Ultraviolet radiation
 Chemical mist
 Dust control
DISINFECTION OF AIR

Environment: air

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