The document outlines several factors that influenced the development of large, complex societies, including: 1) Environmental factors like suitable wild plants and animals that could be domesticated in different regions, providing food surpluses. 2) Technological advances such as agriculture, food storage, advanced tools, horses, ships, guns, and writing which allowed societies to grow larger. 3) Political and social organizations, as well as epidemic diseases, helped distribute power and wealth within these societies. The combination of environmental, technological, and social factors ultimately led to the rise of stratified, sedentary civilizations.