Environmental Studies- 3 (Introduction to Environment)
- 1. Course Code: Course Name: Environmental Studies with focus on Indian Practices Unit No: 1(PPT 3) Unit Name: Introduction to Environmental Studies SEMESTER: 3 IMSc.IT Prepared by: A/P Jheel Barad Silver Oak College of Computer Applications (SOCCA)
- 2. ENVIRONMENT The physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect organism
- 3. ● The word environment derived from french word environ meaning encompass or encircle ● Environment- entoure (that which surrounds) ● Human Environment: comprises biotic, abiotic and socio- economic factors. Human Environment Natural Environment Man- made environment ● Anthropogenic ecosystems (Anthroposphere) ● Physical Structures ● Biosphere ● Atmosphere ● Lithosphere ● Hydrosphere
- 4. Environment is divided into 4 subsystems
- 5. 1. Lithosphere Description: Earth's solid outer layer, including the crust and upper mantle. Components: Rocks, minerals, soil. Importance: ● Provides habitat for terrestrial organisms. ● Source of minerals and fossil fuels. ● Supports plant life which anchors soil and contributes to the biosphere. 2. Hydrosphere Description: All water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and ice. Components: Liquid water, ice (cryosphere), water vapor. Importance: ● Regulates climate by storing and transferring heat. ● Essential for all living organisms (drinking, habitat). ● Plays a key role in nutrient cycling and weather patterns. Spheres of the Environment
- 6. 3. Atmosphere Description: The layer of gases surrounding Earth. Components: Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon, carbon dioxide, and trace gases. Importance: • Provides oxygen for respiration and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. • Protects from harmful solar radiation (UV rays). • Regulates temperature through the greenhouse effect. 4. Biosphere Description: The sum of all ecosystems and living organisms on Earth. Components: Plants, animals, microorganisms, humans. Importance: • Supports life through interactions with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. • Involved in the cycling of nutrients and energy flow. • Biodiversity contributes to ecosystem resilience and services
- 7. 5. Anthroposphere Description: The part of the environment made or modified by humans for their activities and habitats. Components: Cities, agriculture, infrastructure, pollution. Importance: • Reflects human impact on the environment. • Involves interactions with all other spheres, often leading to significant changes. • Focus of sustainable development and environmental management efforts. STEVE CUTTS- ENVIRONMENT SOLUTION ANIMATION (youtube)
- 10. 1. Troposphere Contains 75% of the atmosphere's mass Weather phenomena occur here (clouds, rain, storms) Temperature decreases with altitude 2. Stratosphere Contains the ozone layer (absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation) Temperature increases with altitude due to ozone absorption of UV radiation Stable and clear layer, with little turbulence 3. Mesosphere Temperature decreases with altitude, reaching the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere Meteors burn up in this layer Low air density
- 11. 3. Mesosphere Temperature decreases with altitude, reaching the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere Meteors burn up in this layer Low air density 4. Thermosphere Temperature increases with altitude, can rise to 2,500°C or higher Contains the ionosphere (important for radio communication and auroras) Low density, with few air molecules 5. Exosphere Transition to outer space Very low density, with particles that can travel hundreds of kilometers without colliding Contains mainly hydrogen and helium
- 12. Environment of the tree
- 13. Parts of Environment Biotic Factors (Living) Zebra Bird Squirrel Abiotic Factors (Non Living) Sun Water Gases Soil