Equalizer types
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This document discusses different types of equalizers used in audio production including graphic, shelving, and parametric equalizers. Graphic equalizers have a fixed number of frequency bands that can each be boosted or cut using individual gain controls. Shelving equalizers broadly boost or cut the high and low frequencies, while parametric equalizers allow control over the central frequency, gain, and bandwidth (Q-factor) of an adjustable frequency band, providing the most precise equalization capabilities.
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Equalizer types
- 2. The concept of gain It is usually measured in dB Positive dB = increment in signal’s energy Zero dB = No change (unity gain) Negative dB = decrement in signal’s energy Infinite dB = Complete attenuation
- 3. Interesting facts of dB’s 0 dB means “no change” in the signal 1 dB change is barely heard by some people 3 dB is the minimum perceived change of loudness for most people 10 dB change sounds twice as loud
- 4. Graphic EQ It has a fixed number of bands (frequency ranges) Each band has ist own gain control and fixed bandwidth 10 bands are ok for music adjustments 31 bands are standard for PA systems adjustment
- 5. Graphic EQ response 9-band GEQ Each band has its own gain control (+/- dB) The bandwidth of each band is fixed It is good for general equalization, but it is limited for professional audio production
- 6. Shelving EQ Also known as Bass and Treble controls They change the hi and low end of the range The control a very wide bandwidth It can’t control specific frequencies
- 7. Parametric EQ It is the most complete equalizer It can control three parameters: Central frequency Gain (boost or cut) Q (bandwidth)
- 8. Q (quality factor) It is a parameter related to the bandwidth Low values = wide bandwidth High values = narrow bandwidth Low Q value High Q value