The document discusses the standard equation of a circle. It explains that if the circle is centered at the origin (0,0), the equation is x2 + y2 = r2, where r is the radius. If the circle is not centered at the origin, the equation is (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where (h, k) are the coordinates of the center and r is the radius. The document provides examples of writing the equation of a circle given the center and radius. It also demonstrates how to determine if a point lies inside, outside, or on the circle given the equation.