Equilibrium
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A body is in equilibrium if it is at rest or moving with uniform velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static equilibrium, where the body is at rest and the net force is zero, and dynamic equilibrium, where the body is in uniform motion with zero net force. Equilibrium can also be stable, unstable, or neutral depending on whether a slightly displaced body returns to its original position, does not return, or neither returns nor topples over, respectively.
Equilibrium
- 2. A body is said to be in equilibrium if it is at rest or moving with uniform velocity. In other words if the linear and angular acceleration of a body are zero, the body is said to be in equilibrium. Or we can say that when two or more forces act on a body such that their resultant or combining effect on the body is Zero and the body retains its state of rest or of uniform motion then the body is said to be in equilibrium.
- 3. With respect to the state of a body, equilibrium may be divided into two categories: 1. Static equilibrium. 2. Dynamic equilibrium.
- 4. If the combined effect of all the forces acting on a body is zero and the body is in the state of rest then its equilibrium is termed as static equilibrium. For example: All stationary bodies Static equilibrium
- 5. when a body is in state of uniform motion and the resultant of all the forces acting upon it is zero then it is said to be in dynamic equilibrium. For example: Jump by using parachute. Dynamic equilibrium
- 6. There are three states of equilibrium: Stable equilibrium Unstable equilibrium Neutral equilibrium
- 7. A body is said to be in stable equilibrium if it comes back to its original position when it is slightly displaced. When a body which is in stable equilibrium is disturbed its centre of gravity is raised. For example a book lying on a table is in stable equilibrium.
- 8. A body is said to be in unstable equilibrium if it does not come back to its original position when it is slightly displaced When a body which is in unstable equilibrium is disturbed its centre of gravity is lowered Example: pencil standing on its point or a stick in vertically standing position
- 9. If a body is placed in such state that if it is displaced then neither it topples over nor does it come back to its original position, then such state is called neutral equilibrium. When a body which is in neutral equilibrium is disturbed its centre of gravity is neither raised nor lowered but it remains at the same height. Example: rolling ball