Ergonomics
- 1. ERGONOMICS (ASPECTS IN WORKSTATION DESIGN AND ANALYSIS) Chandrakanth.C S1 M.Tech Roll No:01 mail me @ geothomasseril@gmail.com 1
- 2. Contents Definition Objectives Fields interact with ergonomics Importance Ergonomic approaches Advantages & Disadvantages Applications Conclusion 2
- 3. ERGONOMICS DERIVED FROM GREEK WORDS ERGO + NOMOS = ERGONOMICS “work” + “laws” = “ laws of work ”
- 4. ERGONOMICS - DEFINITION SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF HUMAN WORK "DESIGNING THE JOB TO FIT THE WORKER , NOT FORCING THE WORKER TO FIT THE JOB“ SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH DESIGNING AND ARRANGING THINGS SO THAT PEOPLE CAN USE THEM EASILY AND SAFELY 4
- 5. ERGONOMICS - OBJECTIVES To improve the relationship b/w people , equipment , workplace, and the environment. Increase work efficiency and productivity. Promote safety and comfort at work station. To reduce physical work loads. To minimize the risk of injury , illness , accidents and errors without compromising productivity. 5
- 6. FIELDS THAT INTERACT WITH ERGONOMICS Anthropometry Psychology Operations Research Surgery Physics Orthopedics Physiology Statistics Engineering Biomechanics Industrial Hygiene Industrial Medicine 6
- 7. JOB RISK FACTORS Working in awkward postures / positions Prolonged sitting and standing Bending, reaching, stretching Driving for extended periods of time Heavy lifting Illumination Awkward lifting Lifting in combination with twisting Pushing, pulling, carrying Accidents, slips, trips, falls Vibration & Noise Repetition Contact Stress Thermal Condition 7
- 8. ERGONOMICS - IMPORTANCE Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) are fastest-growing injury category 1997 study of 420 medical secretaries ◦ 63 % reported neck/shoulder pain ◦ 51% low back pain ◦ 30 % hand/wrist pain 8
- 9. Musculo Skeletal Disorders(MSD) MSD’s are injuries caused by sustained exposure to stresses or repetitive motion. They may affect muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, circulation, or nerves. Some well-known MSD’s are: 1. Carpel tunnel syndrome 2. Tennis elbow 9
- 10. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME One of the best known MSDs The median nerve does not work properly due to pressure on the nerve as it runs through an opening called the carpel tunnel Pain & tingling, can go up the arm to the shoulder and neck, causing waking to pain in middle of night 10
- 11. TENNIS ELBOW Overuse or misuse of the forearm muscles can cause tendonitis, or a painful inflammation of the tendons connecting these muscles to borns. This may be when working, or during certain leisure activities, such as sports and gardening. Symptom are severe pain. 11
- 12. Body Parts Prone To Workplace MSDs Back - Lower Neck and Upper Back Upper Extremities - Arms and Hands Lower Extremities - Legs and Feet 12
- 13. Musculoskeletal Disorders: Signs and Symptoms Decreased ROM Decreased grip and/or pinch strength Swelling Fatigue Loss of function Numbness Burning sensation Tingling Pain Cramping Stiffness 13
- 14. Leading Causes of Back Problems • Poor Body Mechanics • Stressful Living & Working • Loss of Flexibility • Loss of Strength 14
- 15. ERGNONIMICS APPROCHES • Body Mechanics • Proper Lifting Techniques • Exercise • Stretching • Improved postures 15
- 17. Posture check Increased stress, decreased circulation High risk Low risk 17
- 18. Posture check Do you use a headset rather than cradling the telephone between your head and shoulder? 18
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- 21. Arranging Your Workspace Arrange tools around your desk so you minimize the distance you have to reach for them. Divide your work space into three zones: Primary work zone - the distance from elbow to hand. Things you touch on a daily basis. Secondary work zone - within arm's reach. Use this zone to position those items that you use frequently, but don't need all the time. Reference zone - outside arm's reach. Use this zone for your least-often used items. 21
- 22. To be ergonomic , a design must • Fit the user • Be easy to use • Improve comfort • Improve performance • Improve health and safety 22
- 24. Materials storage and handling Clear and mark transport routes Provide ramps of 5-8% inclination instead of small stairs Use mechanical devices for lifting, lowering and moving heavy material Instead of carrying heavy weights divide them into smaller lightweights e.g. 2x10 kg instead of 20 kg. Combine heavy lifting with physically lighter tasks 24
- 25. Hand Tools Use hanging tools for operations repeated in the same place Provide hand support when using precision tools Provide hand tools with a grip of the proper thickness (hand diameter 30-40 mm, handle length 125 mm and size to fit male hands) Provide a home for each tool (Enables good housekeeping) 25
- 26. Production machine safety Locate controls in sequence of operations Make displays and signals easy to distinguish and easy to read Use properly fixed guards and interlock devices 26
- 27. Lighting Increased use of daylight Light up the work area evenly Sufficient lighting for working Local lighting for precision work Removing shiny surfaces Avoid glare 27
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- 29. Advantages of Ergonomics •Reduction of work-related injuries , higher safety •Higher productivity •Increased work quality •Reduced absenteeism , fatigue •Better design of machines 29
- 30. Disadvantages It costs money to develop and design it. Usually take more time and resources than other methods Very high effort in planning, recruiting, and executing than other methods Much longer study periods and therefore requires much goodwill among the participants 30
- 31. Applications Assist in design & operation of man , m/c ,environmental study. Help to know about the human activities, capability and limitations. Helps to ensure physical and mental use of human beings. 31
- 32. Difficulties in achieving the aims of ergonomics Human operator is flexible and adaptable Large individual differences Obvious differences: --> Physical size, strength Not obvious differences --> Culture, style, level of skill 32
- 33. Work Smarter – Not Harder Notice and report symptoms EARLY Stretch Take adequate and frequent breathers Do a different task or do the task differently 33
- 34. Conclusion.. As we discussed above ergonomics "DESIGNING THE JOB TO FIT THE WORKER , NOT FORCING THE WORKER TO FIT THE JOB“ So it will reduces the fatigue and improve the work conditions for the workers. 34
- 35. Help Yourself Micro-Breaks ◦ Every 20-40 minutes Exercises ◦ Body stretch ◦ Raise forearms ◦ Shoulder blade squeeze/shrugs ◦ Eye palming ◦ Arm and shoulder shake ◦ Arm extensions ◦ Side bends 35
- 36. Practice Wellness at Work and Home ! Exercise(Body) Nutrition(Mind) Relaxation(Spirit) 36
- 37. THANK YOU…. 37