Security refers to protection from harm or threat. It provides a feeling of safety when adequate security measures are in place. Security aims to increase protection from external threats. Hacking involves examining something closely, such as crafting new programs or modifying existing software. A hacker is someone who performs hacking, while a cracker breaks into systems to damage or destroy them. The first hackers emerged in the 1960s at MIT and later began migrating to computers and networking. Ethical hackers perform authorized penetration testing to help protect against black hat hackers who hack illegally for personal gain or to harm others. The hacking process involves steps like footprinting, scanning, enumeration, gaining access, escalating privileges, and covering tracks. Famous hackers include Kevin
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