Evaluation of Text and Images in Multicultural Context
- 1. Evaluation of Texts and Images in Multicultural Contexts
- 2. Learning Objectives Apply critical reading in evaluating text and images Discuss strategies in evaluating texts and images in multicultural contexts Convey ideas through oral, audio-visual, or web- based presentation Evaluate multimodal texts
- 3. Critical Thinking • Critical Thinking is the foundation of critical reading and listening. • Critical reading and listening go beyond retrieving information from the text because they involve identifying author’s purpose and recognizing bias. • These goals can be achieved by examining author’s choices of context and language.
- 4. Critical Reading • The goal of critical reading is to examine not only what message is conveyed but also how the message is conveyed as well as its purpose, target audience, and other ways of presenting it. • Critical reading requires you to be an investigator. • Critical reading requires you to breakdown” a text in order for you to participate and understand it better.
- 5. QUALITIES OF A CRITICAL READER • annotates the text by writing or using sticky notes • determine and analyzes the organizational pattern (compare contrast, cause-effect, description, narration, definition, or persuasion) of the text • asks critical questions that promote analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of text • considers the cultural and historical background of the text or image distinguishes facts from opinions • evaluates the author’s credibility by checking on his/ her credentials or academic and scholarly background. • evaluates the source of the text and image • looks beyond the text or ideas that are not explicitly stated
- 6. • makes inferences about the text or images and the author’s ideas, biases, claims, agenda, or views • assesses the usefulness and relevance of the text by summaries and abstracts, introductions, conclusions, headings, subheadings • reads with the specific question in mind that he/she wants the text or image to answer • reads with an open mind QUALITIES OF A CRITICAL READER
- 7. Source What is the source? When was the text published? Is the source reliable? Context What is the context of the text? What pieces of information are given that provide the context of the text? Content What is the message? What is the purpose of the message? What are the facts or figures that support the message? How is the message conveyed by the text? What is the tone of the text? What words contribute to frame the message of the text? How do you think the audience might be affected the way text is written? Audience Who is the target audience? What information is provided that give you the idea about the target audience of the text? Author Who is the author? What are the credentials of the author? What is the authors purpose of writing (informational, Guide Questions in Evaluating a TEXT
- 8. Source What is the source of the image? How did you find the source? Are there pieces of information about the source of the image? How did you know the source? Is it reliable? Context Does the information provide the context of the image or where, when, why, how and for whom the image is? Content What message does the image convey? Is the message clear? What elements in the image support the message? Are there people/animals/objects in the image? How are they presented? What feelings does the image evoke? How do others see the image? Audience Who is the target audience? What information is provided that gives you an idea about the target audience of the image? Author Is the name of the author given? Who is the author? What are the credentials of the author? What is the author9s purpose (informational, persuasive or entertainment)? Guide Questions in Evaluating a IMAGES
- 9. Visual How do you find the layout, design, and color? How are they used? Are they helpful in framing the message of the image? Can you identify what is in the foreground and in the background? What are they? Technical Quality What can you say about the color and size of the image? What can you say about the quality of the image? Is it copyrighted? Guide Questions in Evaluating a IMAGES
- 10. Critical Listening • Seek for Clarification • Empathize • Be sensitive to verbal and non-verbal cues
- 11. Five Core Concepts and the Five Key Questions of Media Literacy Key Concepts Key Word Key Questions Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis All media messages are constructed Authorship Who created this message? • What kind of “text” is it? • What are the various elements (building blocks) that make up the whole? How similar or different is it to others of the same genre? • Which technologies are used in its creation? • What choices were made that might have been made differently? • How many people did it take to create this • message? • What are their various jobs?
- 12. Five Core Concepts and the Five Key Questions of Media Literacy Key Concepts Key Word Key Questions Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis Media messages are constructed using a creative language with its own rules. Format What creative techniques are used to attract my attention? • What do you notice... (about the way the message is constructed)? Colors? Shapes? Size? Sounds, Words? Silence? Props, sets, clothing? Movement? Composition? Lighting? • Where is the camera? • What is the viewpoint? • How is the story told visually? • What are people doing? • Are there any symbols? • Visual metaphors? • What’s the emotional appeal?
- 13. Five Core Concepts and the Five Key Questions of Media Literacy Key Concepts Key Word Key Questions Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis Different people experience the same media message differently. Audience How might different people understand this message differently from me? • Have you ever experienced anything like this in your life? • How close is this portrayal to your experience? • What did you learn from this media text? • What did you learn about yourself from experiencing from experiencing the media text? • What did you learn from other people’s response? • From their experience of life? • How many other interpretations could there
- 14. Five Core Concepts and the Five Key Questions of Media Literacy Key Concepts Key Word Key Questions Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis Media have Embedded values and points of view. Content What lifestyles, values and points of view are represented in, or omitted from, this message? • What kinds of behaviors / consequences are depicted? • What type of person is the reader / watcher / listener invited to identify with? • What questions come to mind as you watch / read / listen? • What ideas or values are being “sold” to us in this message? • What political ideas are communicated in the message? Economic ideas? • What judgments or statements are made about how we treat other people?
- 15. Five Core Concepts and the Five Key Questions of Media Literacy Key Concepts Key Word Key Questions Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis Most media messages are organized to gain profit and/or power. Purpose Why is this message being sent? • Who’s in control of the creation and transmission of this message? • Why are they sending it? How do you know? • Who are they sending it to? • How do you know? • What’s being sold in this message? What’s being told? • Who profits from this message? Who pays for it? • Who is served by or benefits from the message – the public? – private interests? – individuals? – institutions?
- 17. "Benchard has been eating only hamburgers, fries, and pizza for 5 years; he has no health issues. Therefore, fast food is not unhealthy for you."
- 18. Thanks for your listening!