Every business should have an emergency plan

Every
Business
Should Have
A Plan.
www.ready.gov

Preparing Makes
Good
Business Sense.
How quickly your company can get back to business after a terrorist attack
or tornado, a fire or flood often depends on emergency planning done today.
While the Department of Homeland Security is working hard to prevent
terrorist attacks, the lessons of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the
1995 Oklahoma City bombing and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
demonstrate the importance of being prepared. When you also consider
that the number of declared major disasters nearly doubled in the 1990’s
compared to the previous decade, preparedness becomes an even more
critical issue. Though each situation is unique, any organization can be
better prepared if it plans carefully, puts emergency procedures in place, and
practices for all kinds of emergencies.
If businesses are ready to survive and recover, the nation and our economy
are more secure. America’s businesses form the backbone of the nation’s
economy; small businesses alone account for more than 99% of all
companies with employees, employ 50% of all private sector workers and
provide nearly 45% of the nation’s payroll. A commitment to planning
today will help support employees, customers, the community, the local
economy and even the country. It also protects your business investment and
gives your company a better chance for survival.
Ready Business outlines common sense measures business owners and managers
can take to start getting ready. It provides practical information to help you
plan for your company’s future. These recommendations reflect the Emergency
Preparedness and Business Continuity Standard (NFPA 1600) developed by the
National Fire Protection Association and endorsed by the American National
Standards Institute and the Department of Homeland Security.
Every business should have a plan. Get ready now.

Business continuity planning must account for both man-made
and natural disasters. You should plan in advance to manage any
emergency. Be prepared to assess the situation, use common sense
and available resources to take care of yourself, your co-workers and
your business’s recovery.
Be Informed: Risk assessment can be a sophisticated area
of expertise that ranges from self-assessment to an extensive
engineering study. The specific industry, size and scope of
your individual company will determine your organization’s risk
assessment needs. However, you should find out which disasters
are most common in the areas where you operate. You may be aware
of some of your community’s risks; others may surprise you. Finally,
go to www.ready.gov to learn what to do during a biological,
chemical, explosive, nuclear or radiological attack.
Continuity Planning: Carefully assess how your company
functions, both internally and externally, to determine which staff,
materials,
procedures and equipment are absolutely necessary to keep the
business operating. Start by reviewing your business process flow
chart, if one exists, to identify operations critical to survival and
recovery. Include emergency payroll, expedited financial decision-
making and accounting systems to track and document costs
in the event of a disaster. Establish procedures for succession
of management including at least one person who is not at the
company headquarters, if possible.
Next, decide who should participate in putting together your
emergency plan. Include co-workers from all levels in planning and
as active members of the emergency management team. Consider
a broad cross-section of people from throughout your organization,
but focus on those with expertise vital to daily business functions.
These will likely include people with technical skills as well as
managers and executives.
Then, make a list of your most important customers and proactively
plan ways to serve them during and after a disaster. Also, identify
key suppliers, shippers, resources and other businesses you must
interact with on a daily basis. Develop professional relationships
with more than one company in case your primary contractor cannot
service your needs. A disaster that shuts down a key supplier can be
devastating to your business.
Plan to Stay in Business
2

Finally, plan what you will do if your building, plant or store is not
accessible. Define crisis management procedures and individual
responsibilities in advance. Talk with your staff or co-workers and
frequently review and practice what you intend to do during and after
an emergency.
Emergency Planning For Employees: Your employees and
co-workers are your business’s most important and valuable asset.
Two-way communication is central before, during and after
a disaster. Include emergency preparedness information in
newsletters, on company intranet, periodic employee emails
and other internal communications tools. Consider setting up a
telephone calling tree, a password-protected page on the company
website, an email alert or a call-in voice recording to communicate
with employees in an emergency. Designate an out of town phone
number where employees can leave an “I’m Okay” message in a
catastrophic disaster.
Talk to Co-Workers with Disabilities: If you have employees
with disabilities ask them what assistance, if any, they require.
People with disabilities typically know what they will need in
an emergency. Ask about communication difficulties, physical
limitations, equipment instructions and medication procedures.
Identify people willing to help co-workers with disabilities and be
sure they are able to handle the job. This is particularly important if
someone needs to be lifted or carried. Plan how you will alert people
who cannot hear an alarm or instructions. Be sure to engage people
with disabilities in emergency planning.
Emergency Supplies: When preparing for emergency situations,
it’s best to think first about the basics of survival: fresh water,
food, clean air and warmth. Encourage everyone to have a
portable kit customized to meet personal needs, such as essential
medications. Talk to your co-workers about what emergency supplies
the company can feasibly provide, if any, and which ones individuals
should consider keeping on hand. Recommended emergency
supplies include both a battery-powered commercial radio and a
NOAA weather radio with an alert function. Include extra batteries, a
flashlight, water, food, First Aid kit, whistle to signal for help, dust or
filter masks, moist towelettes for sanitation, wrench or pliers to turn
off utilities, plastic sheeting and duct tape to “seal the room,” and
garbage bags and plastic ties for
personal sanitation.
Keep copies of important records such as site maps, building plans,
insurance policies, employee contact and identification information,
bank account records, supplier and shipping contact lists, computer
backups, emergency or law enforcement contact information and
other priority documents in a waterproof, fireproof portable container.
Store a second set of records at an off-site location.

4
Planning to Stay or Go: Depending on your circumstances
and the nature of the disaster, the first important decision after an
incident occurs is whether to shelter-in-place or evacuate. You should
understand and plan for both possibilities in advance by developing
clear, well thought out plans. If you are specifically told to evacuate,
shelter-in-place or seek medical treatment, do so immediately.
In any emergency, local authorities may or may not immediately be
able to provide information on what is happening and what you
should do. However, you should monitor TV or radio news reports
for information or official instructions as they become available. Use
common sense and available information to determine if there is
immediate danger. For example, if your building is damaged you will
typically want to evacuate.
Make an Evacuation Plan: Some disasters will require
employees to leave the workplace quickly. The ability to evacuate
workers, customers and visitors effectively can save lives.
If feasible, develop a system for knowing who is in your building,
including customers and visitors. Decide in advance who has the
authority to order an evacuation. If local officials tell you to evacuate,
do so immediately. Identify who will shut down critical operations and
lock the doors, if possible. Create a chain of command so that others
are authorized to act in case your designated person is
not available.
Locate and make copies of building and site maps with critical utility
and emergency routes clearly marked. Identify and label entry-exit
points both on the maps and throughout the building. Post maps for
quick reference by employees. Plan two ways out of the building from
different locations throughout your facility. You should also establish
a warning system including plans to communicate with people who
are hearing impaired or have other disabilities and those who do not
speak English.
Designate an assembly site. Pick one location near your facility and
another in the general area in case you have to move farther away.
Try to account for all workers, visitors and customers as people arrive
at the assembly site. Determine who is responsible for providing an
all-clear or return-to-work notification. Plan to cooperate with local
authorities responding in an emergency.
If your business operates out of more than one location or has more
than one place where people work, establish evacuation procedures
for each individual building. If your company is in a high-rise building,
an industrial park, or even a small strip mall, it is important to
coordinate and practice with other tenants or businesses to avoid
confusion and potential gridlock.
v.goeadywww.r

Make a Shelter-in-Place Plan: There may be situations when
it’s best to stay where you are to avoid any uncertainty outside. There
are other circumstances, such as a chemical incident or during a
tornado when specifically how and where you take shelter is a matter
of survival. You should understand the different threats and plan for
all possibilities.
Tornado Warning: Determine where you will take shelter during a
tornado. Storm cellars or basements provide the best protection. If
an underground shelter is not available, go into an interior room or
hallway on the lowest floor possible. In a high-rise building, go to
a small interior room or hallway on the lowest floor possible. Stay
away from windows, doors and outside walls. Go to the center of the
room. Stay away from corners because they attract debris. Stay in
the shelter location until the danger has passed.
“Seal the Room”: If local authorities believe the air is badly
contaminated with a chemical, you may be instructed to take shelter
and “seal the room.” The process used to seal the room is
considered a temporary protective measure to create a barrier
between your people and potentially contaminated air outside. It is a
type of sheltering that requires preplanning.
Start by identifying where you will go if you are instructed to “seal the
room.” If feasible, choose an interior room, such as a break room or
conference room, with as few windows and doors as possible. If your
business is located on more than one floor or in more than one
building, identify multiple shelter locations.
To “seal the room” effectively, close the business and bring everyone
inside. Then, lock doors, close windows, air vents and fireplace
dampers. Turn off fans, air conditioning and forced air heating
systems. Take your emergency supply kit unless you have reason
to believe it has been contaminated. Seal all windows, doors and
air vents with plastic sheeting and duct tape. Measure and cut the
sheeting in advance to save time. Finally, be prepared to improvise
and use what you have on hand to seal gaps so that you create a
barrier between yourself and any contamination. Watch TV, listen to
the radio or check the Internet often for official news and instructions
as they become available.
Make Fire Safety Part of the Plan: Fire is the most common of
all business disasters. Each year fires cause thousands of deaths
and injuries and billions of dollars in damage. Have your office, plant
or facility inspected for fire safety; ensure compliance with fire codes
and regulations. Install smoke alarms, detectors and fire extinguishers
in appropriate locations. Put a process in place for alerting the fire
department. Plan and practice how people will evacuate in a fire.

6
Prepare for Medical Emergencies: Workplace medical
emergencies vary greatly depending on the disaster, type of job and
the worksite. However, there are steps that can give you the upper
hand in responding to a medical emergency. Encourage employees
to take basic First Aid and CPR training. If it is feasible, offer on-site
classes for your co-workers. You should also keep First Aid supplies
in stock and easily accessible. Finally, encourage employees to talk
about medical conditions that may require support or special care in
an emergency.
Coordinate with Others: Meet with other businesses in your
building or industrial complex. Plan to conduct evacuation drills and
other emergency exercises together. Talk with first responders,
emergency managers, community organizations and utility providers.
Plan with your suppliers, shippers and others you regularly do
business with.
Review your Plans Annually: Just as your business changes
over time, so do your preparedness needs. When you hire new
employees or when there are changes in how your company
functions, you should update your plans and inform your people.
Talk to Your People
One of the best methods of assuring your company’s recovery is to
provide for your co-workers’ well-being. Communicate regularly with
employees before, during and after an incident. Use newsletters,
intranets, staff meetings and other internal communications tools to
communicate emergency plans and procedures.
Practice the Plan with Co-workers: Go beyond planning and
frequently practice what you intend to do during a disaster. Conduct
regularly scheduled education and training seminars to provide co-
workers with information, identify needs and develop preparedness
skills. Include disaster training in new employee orientation
programs. If you rent, lease or share office space, coordinate
and practice evacuation and other emergency plans with other
businesses in your building or facility. Evaluate and revise processes
and procedures based on lessons learned and keep training records.
Drills and exercises will help you prepare.
v.goeadywww.r

Promote Family and Individual Preparedness: If individuals
and families are prepared, your company and your co-workers
are better positioned in an emergency situation. Encourage your
employees and their families to: Get a Kit, Make a Plan, Be
Informed. Go to www.ready.gov for more information or print out
and distribute copies of Preparing Makes Sense brochures for
your workers.
Write a Crisis Communication Plan: Detail how your
organization plans to communicate with employees, local authorities,
customers and others during and after a disaster. Be prepared to
provide employees with information on when, if and how to report
to work following an emergency. Provide top company executives
with all relevant information. It may also be important to update the
general public. Inform your customers about whether and when
products will be received and services rendered. Tell officials what
your company is prepared to do to help in the recovery effort.
Also communicate with local, state and federal authorities what
emergency assistance is needed for you to continue essential
business activity. You should also be prepared to give competing
and neighboring companies a prompt briefing on the nature of the
emergency so they may be able to assess their own threat levels.
Support Employee Health After a Disaster: There are
some procedures you can put in place before a disaster, but you
should also learn about what people need to help them recover
after a disaster. It is possible that your staff will need time to
ensure the well-being of their family members, but getting back
to work is important to the personal recovery of people who have
experienced disasters.
Encourage adequate food, rest and recreation. Provide for time
at home to care for family needs, if necessary. Have an open door
policy that facilitates seeking care when needed.
Workplace routines facilitate recovery by providing an opportunity to
be active and to restore social contact. Re-establish routines, when
possible. Sharing with others can speed personal recovery. Create
opportunities for breaks where co-workers can talk openly about
their fears and hopes. Offer professional counselors to help co-
workers address their fears and anxieties.

8
In addition to emergency planning and communicating with
employees, there are steps you can take to safeguard your company
and secure your physical assets.
Review Insurance Coverage: Inadequate insurance coverage
can lead to major financial loss if your business is damaged,
destroyed or simply interrupted for a period of time. Insurance
policies vary, so check with your agent or provider about things
such as physical losses, flood coverage and business interruption.
Understand what your policy covers and what it does not. Ask about
any deductibles, if applicable. Consider how you will pay creditors
and employees. You should also plan how you will provide for your
own income. Finally, find out what records your insurance provider
will want to see after an emergency and store them in a safe place.
Prepare for Utility Disruptions: Businesses are often dependent
on electricity, gas, telecommunications, sewer and other utilities. Plan
ahead for extended disruptions during and after a disaster. Carefully
examine which utilities are vital to your business’s day-to-day
operation. Speak with service providers about potential alternatives
and identify back-up options such as portable generators to power
the vital aspects of your business in an emergency.
Secure Facilities, Buildings and Plants: While there is no way
to predict what will happen or what your business’s circumstances
will be, there are things you can do in advance to help protect your
physical assets. Install fire extinguishers, smoke alarms and detectors
in appropriate places. Consider the ways in which people, products,
supplies and other things get into and leave your building or facility.
Secure ingress and egress. The nation’s battle against terrorism
takes place on many fronts, including the mailrooms of
U.S. companies. Plan for mail safety.
Identify what production machinery, computers, custom parts or
other essential equipment is needed to keep the business open.
Plan how to replace or repair vital equipment if it is damaged or
destroyed. Identify more than one supplier who can replace or repair
your equipment. Store extra supplies, materials and equipment for
use in an emergency. Finally, plan what you will do if your building,
plant or store is not usable.
Protect Your Investment
v.goeadywww.r

Secure Your Equipment: The force of some disasters can
damage or destroy important equipment. Conduct a room-by-
room walk through to determine what needs to be secured. Attach
equipment and cabinets to walls or other stable equipment.
Elevate equipment off the floor to avoid electrical hazards in the
event of flooding.
Assess Building Air Protection: In some emergencies
microscopic particles may be released into the air. For example,
earthquakes often can release dust and debris, a biological attack
may release germs, and a dirty bomb can spread radioactive
particles. Many of these things can only hurt you if they get into
your body. A building can provide a barrier between contaminated
air outside and people inside, but there are ways to improve
building air protection.
Building owners or managers, and employers should take a close
look at the site’s Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
system and be sure it is working properly and is well maintained.
Be sure any security measures do not adversely impact air quality
or fire safety. Start by developing and practicing shut down
procedures. Then, make sure outdoor air intakes are secure.
HVAC systems can be an entry point and a means of distributing
biological, chemical and radiological threats. Air intakes at or
below ground level are most vulnerable because they can be easily
accessed. Consider relocating or extending an exposed air intake,
but do not permanently seal it.
Finally, determine if you can feasibly upgrade the building’s
filtration system. Increasing filter efficiency is one of the few
things that can be done in advance to consistently protect people
inside a building from biological and some other airborne threats.
Carefully consider the highest filtration efficiency that will work
with a building’s HVAC system.
Improve Cyber Security: Protecting your data and information
technology systems may require specialized expertise. Depending
on the particular industry and the size and scope of the business,
cyber security can be very complicated. However, even the
smallest business can be better prepared. Use anti-virus software
and keep it up-to-date. Don’t open email from unknown sources.
Use hard-to-guess passwords. Protect your computer from Internet
intruders by using firewalls. Back up your computer data. Regularly
download security protection updates known as patches. Make
sure your co-workers know what to do if your computer system
becomes infected. Subscribe to the Department of Homeland
Security National Cyber Alert System, www.us-cert.gov, to
receive free, timely alerts on new threats and learn how to better
protect your area of cyberspace.

10
An investment in planning today will not only help
protect your business investment and your livelihood,
but will also support your employees, customers and
stakeholders, the community, the local economy and even
the country.
Get ready now.
Ready Business was developed in consultation with the
following organizations:
The 9/11 Public Discourse Project, ASIS International,
Business Executives for National Security, The Business
Roundtable, International Safety Equipment Association,
International Security Management Association, National
Association of Manufacturers, National Federation of
Independent Businesses, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, Small Business Administration, Society
of Human Resource Managers, and U.S. Chamber of
Commerce.
This commonsense framework is designed to launch a
process of learning about business preparedness.
For more information go to
www.ready.gov

Federal Emergency Management Agency
Washington, DC 20472

Every business should have an emergency plan

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