E.V.S NCERT Class 4

LOOKING AROUNDLOOKING AROUND
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
TEXTBOOK FOR CLASS IV
2019-20

First EditionFirst EditionFirst EditionFirst EditionFirst Edition
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TAHERA PATHAN AND RABIA SHEIKH
HIMMAT, AHMEDABAD
2019-20

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005, recommends that children’s life at
school must be linked to their life outside the school. This principle marks a departure
from the legacy of bookish learning which continues to shape our system and causes
a gap between the school, home and community. The syllabi and textbooks developed
on the basis of NCF signify an attempt to implement this basic idea. They also attempt
to discourage rote learning and the maintenance of sharp boundaries between different
subject areas. We hope these measures will take us significantly further in the direction
of a child-centred system of education outlined in the National Policy on
Education (1986).
The success of this effort depends on what steps that school principals and teachers
will take to encourage children to reflect on their own learning and to pursue
imaginative activities and questions. We must recognise that, given space, time and
freedom, children generate new knowledge by engaging with the information passed
on to them by adults. Treating the prescribed textbook as the sole basis of examination
is one of the key reasons why other resources and sites of learning are ignored.
Inculcating creativity and initiative is possible if we perceive and treat children as
participants in learning, not as receivers of a fixed body of knowledge.
These aims imply considerable change in school routines and mode of functioning.
Flexibility in the daily time-table is as necessary as rigour in implementing the annual
calendar so that the required number of teaching days are actually devoted to teaching.
The methods used for teaching and evaluation will also determine how effective this
textbook proves for making children’s life at school a happy experience, rather than a
source of stress or boredom. Syllabus designers have tried to address the problem of
curricular burden by restructuring and reorienting knowledge at different stages
with greater consideration for child psychology and the time available for teaching.
The textbook attempts to enhance this endeavour by giving higher priority and space
to opportunities for contemplation and wondering, discussion in small groups, and
activities requiring hands-on experience.
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) appreciates
the hard work done by the textbook development committee responsible for this book.
We wish to thank the Chairperson of the Advisory Committee for Textbooks at the the
primary level, Anita Rampal, Professor, CIE, Delhi University, Delhi, Chief Advisor,
Savithri Singh, Principal, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New
Delhi, Co-chief Advisor, Farah Farooqi, Reader, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, for guiding
the work of this committee. Several teachers contributed to the development of this
FOREWORD
2019-20

textbook. We are grateful to their principals for making this possible. We are indebted
to the institutions and organisations which have generously permitted us to draw
upon their resources, material and personnel. We are especially grateful to the members
of the National Monitoring Committee, appointed by the Department of Secondary
and Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development under the
Chairpersonship of Professor Mrinal Miri and Professor G.P. Deshpande, for their
valuable time and contribution.
As an organisation committed to systemic reform and continuous improvement
in the quality of its products, NCERT welcomes comments and suggestions which
will enable us to undertake further revision and refinement.
Director
New Delhi National Council of Educational
20 November 2006 Research and Training
iv
2019-20

The team for the development of this book found it a challenging task to translate the
objectives as defined in the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 while
preparing this national-level textbook. The writing team would like to share some of
the issues that were discussed during the process.
The child looks at the environment around her/him in a holistic manner and does
not compartmentalise any topic into ‘science’ and ‘social science’, hence, it was thought
essential that we too aim for this integration within the book, instead of having two
disparate sections. Instead of proceeding with lists of ‘topics’, the syllabus itself has
proposed themes that allowed a connected and inter-related understanding to develop.
An attempt has been made in the book to locate every theme in physical, social and
cultural contexts critically so that the child can make informed choices.
The challenge, when writing at a national-level, was to reflect the multicultural
dimensions of diverse classrooms. It was felt necessary that all children feel important –
their community, culture, and their way of life – are all important. While writing the
book – Who is the child we are addressing – was the big question. Is she/he the
child in big schools of the metro, or the school in the slums, a small-town child, one in
a village shala or the one in the remote mountainous area? How do we address such
diverse group? One also needed to tackle the differences of gender, class, culture,
religion, language, geographical location, etc. These are some of the issues addressed
in the book, which the teacher will also have to handle in her own ways.
Before discussing the concerns/issues related to this area, you go through the
syllabus of this subject which is broadly divided into six themes, namely, family and
friends, food, water, shelter, travel and things we make and do. It is available on the
NCERT website (www.ncert.nic.in). It will help you understand the subject better.
The content in the book is centred on the child, providing her/him a lot of space to
explore. There is a conscious effort to discourage rote learning and hence descriptions
and definitions were totally avoided. It is always easy to give information; the real
challenge was to provide opportunities to a child where she/he can vocalise, build
upon her/his curiosity, learn-by-doing, ask questions, experiment, etc. In order that
the child is happy to engage with the book, a variety of formats have been used –
narratives, poems, stories, puzzles, jigsaw, comic strips, etc. Stories and narratives
have been used as a tool for sensitising the child since a child can probably more
easily empathise with characters in a story or a narrative. The language used in the
book is not 'formal' but is in the ‘commonly spoken’ form.
Active participation of children is very important in constructing knowledge.
Activities in the book that demand that children be taken for observations to the
A NOTE FOR THE TEACHERS AND PARENTS
2019-20

parks, fields, water-bodies, into the community, etc., reiterates that EVS learning
primarily occurs outside the walls of the classrooms. An effort has been made to
relate the child’s local knowledge to the school knowledge. It is important to state here
that the activities given in the book are only suggestive and that both the activities and
the materials can and should be, modified by the teacher according to the local contexts.
Activities and exercises have been inbuilt into the chapters instead of being pushed to
the end. The nature of activities in the book are so varied so that the child gets
opportunities to explore, observe, draw, categorise, speak, question, write, list,etc.Several
activities allow her/him to manipulate things with her/his hands so that her/his
psychomotor skills are developed. Some of them explore her/his creativity and design
skills as well as hone her/his aesthetic sense. All activities need to be followed by
discussions to facilitate children in consolidating what they have observed and learnt.
With an appropriate question or suggestion, the child’s understanding can be extended
far beyond the point which she/he could have reached alone.
Children are encouraged to tap sources other than the textbook and teachers, such
as family members, members of the community, newspapers, story books, other reading
material, etc. This stresses the fact that textbooks are not the only sources of information.
To develop a sense of history, the children are encouraged to question the elderly about
the past. These activities also promote the parents’ and community’s involvement in the
school and the teacher gets an opportunity to know a child’s background.
Illustrations form an important component of children’s books. The writing team
has kept in mind that the illustrations in this book reflect the ethos of the written
material. Content development through illustrations was a major consideration. The
illustrations have been used such that they complement the writing style fully. The
illustrations should provide joy and also a challenge, to the child.
The book provides varied kind of opportunities for the child to work – individually,
in small groups or even in larger groups. Group learning promotes peer learning and
improves social interactions. Children particularly enjoy learning crafts and arts while
working in groups. Children are very happy and respond with enthusiasm when
their creative ventures are appreciated rather than dismissed (as unimportant).
The objective of the activities and questions in the book is not only to evaluate the
child’s knowledge but also to provide an opportunity to the children to express themselves.
The children should be given enough time to work on these activities and questions; they
should not be rushed since each child learns at her/his own pace. It is envisaged that
each teacher will develop her/his own evaluation tools suitable for her/his students based
on her/his own method of teaching and local contexts. For better understanding on
assessment practices and procedures in EVS, NCERT has developed a source book
on assessment in it for the primary stage. It will be useful if you go through this
document as well. The child should be evaluated primarily on the skills she/he has
vi
2019-20

acquired while working in class or outside. Evaluation, of course, should be a continuous
process and the child should be assessed as she/he observes, asks, draws, discusses in
groups, etc. In order to follow the continuous and comprehensive evaluation in
teaching-learning, activities and questions have been inbuilt in the text. You need to
follow it in the same manner while teaching-learning.
One of the major concerns while developing textual materials was to find suitable
ways to sensitise the child to the wide differences that exist within our society – in our
physical abilities, economic backgrounds, behavioural patterns, etc. – things which get
reflected in the way and where we live, what kind of school we go to, the way we talk, the
way we think, what we eat, what we wear, our access to basic amenities, etc. We would
like every child to recognise that in any society there are differences; we need to learn to
appreciate and respect these differences. Teachers have to be extra-careful that such
social issues are handled in a sensitive manner, especially when there are children with
special needs or in difficult circumstances, in the class.
This book also brings to you some more significant elements. The bulk of the
chapters in the book are based on examples from contemporary life. The chapters
either tell stories of real events or inform us about exciting characters drawn from
everyday life as life itself is a rich source of information and learning. Further, narratives
from real life inspire us, they can bring to us an interesting point of reference, they
can provide us an opportunity to revisit experiences we are familiar with.
These narrative range from success stories, achievements and also instances of
disturbing behaviour patterns. The instance we selected are from the lives of lesser
known people rather than from the lives of celebrities as we feel that the lives of ordinary
people can be a greater inspiration and lessen the distance between object and subject.
It is hoped that those exposed to these narratives will relate with them creatively
rather than take them at face value. Through activities and discussion points in each
chapter, great care is taken to provide such opportunities. It must be stressed that
the selections are not to be viewed like an ‘instant meal’ to be consumed without
further processing – none of the narratives, positive or negative, are intended to be
blindly emulated or looked down upon and discarded. It is hoped that children and
adults alike will critique them on the basis of their own unique experience, core values
and skills of analysis. Such a process will enrich teaching-learning and add a dimension
to children’s way of understanding the book of life as they mature.
The writing team looks not only at the children, but at the teachers also, as
individuals who construct knowledge and build on their own experiences. The textbook
is only one of the many teaching-learning materials used by teachers. Thus, this
textbook should only be viewed as an aid to the teacher, around which the teacher
could organise her teaching to provide learning opportunities to children.
vii
2019-20

CHAIRPERSON, ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR TEXTBOOKS AT THE PRIMARY LEVEL
Anita Rampal, Professor, Department of Education (CIE), University
of Delhi, Delhi
CHIEF ADVISOR
Savithri Singh, Principal, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi,
Delhi
CO-CHIEF ADVISOR
Farah Farooqi, Reader, Faculty of Education, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi
MEMBERS
Latika Gupta, Consultant, SSA, DEE, NCERT, New Delhi
Mamata Pandya, Programme Director, Centre for Environment Education,
Ahmedabad
Poonam Mongia, Teacher, Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya, Vikas Puri, New Delhi
Reena Ahuja, Programme Officer, National Education Group-FIRE, Gautam
Nagar, New Delhi
Sangeeta Arora, Primary Teacher, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Shalimar Bagh,
New Delhi
Simantini Dhuru, Director, Avehi Abacus Project, Mumbai, Maharashtra
Swati Verma, Teacher, The Heritage School, Rohini, New Delhi
MEMBER-COORDINATOR
Manju Jain, Professor, Department of Elementary Education, NCERT,
New Delhi
TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE
2019-20

The NCERT thanks the authors, poets and organisations for permitting the use of their
work in this book – Lisa Heydlauff (author) for Going to School (Lesson 1, extracted from
a book – Going to School in India) and Children’s pen, (Lesson 1, Chakmak, published
by Eklavya); ‘Going to School’ an organisation supported by UNICEF for Anita and Her
Honeybees (Lesson 5, extracted from a true story), ‘The Concerned for Working Children’,
an organisation working in Karnataka for Too much water, Too little water (Lesson 18,
extracted from a case study on Bhima Sangh-Children’s Panchayat); Smt. Vimuben
Badheka, Shri Dakshinamurti Balmandir for A Busy Month (Lesson 16, extracted from
Rutu na Rang by Gijubhai Badheka); Sujatha Padmanabhan (author), Madhuvanti
Anantharajan and Manisha Sheth Gutman (Illustrators), Namgyal Institute for People
with Disability, Leh, Ladakh for Chuskit Goes to School (Lesson 27 : adapted story).
We are grateful to Shri S. Vinayak, AMO, SSA, Andhra Pradesh for collecting
children’s essay on Pochampalli Sarees and Ms K. Kalyani, Lady Sri Ram College,
Delhi University for translating the same (Lesson 23). We express our thanks to the
Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad and Avehi Abacus, Mumbai for use
of their publications that formed the base for some of the lessons. The contribution
of the following Organisations, Institutions for deputing experts is also highly
appreciated – Director, Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad; Director, Avehi
Abacus, Mumbai; Principal, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi; Principal,
Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya, Vikas Puri, New Delhi; Principal, The Heritage School,
Rohini, Delhi. We are thankful to the Director General, Armed Force Medical Services,
Ministry of Defence (M-Block), New Delhi for extending his help to conduct an interview
of Surgeon Lieutenant Commander, Wahida Prism (Lesson 26); State Project Directors,
SSA, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh for providing text material on Itr (Lesson 11)
and Pochampalli (Lesson 23) respectively; the teachers of K. V. Assam, Ms Bulbul
(Dhuliajan) and Ms V.D. Sharma (Namroop) for providing material on Bihu (Lessson
20) and the photograph on page 170. We thank Mamta Pandya, CEE, Ahmedabad
and Neeta Beri, New Delhi for preparing the English version of the book.
We are specially grateful to K.K. Vashishtha, Professor and Head, Department of
Elementary Education, NCERT who has extended every possible help in developing this
book. We also express our gratitude to Shveta Uppal, Chief Editor, NCERT for going through
the book and giving useful suggestions. We also acknowledge the contribution of Sushma
Jairath,Reader,DepartmentofWomenStudiesandKiranDevendra,Professor,DEE,NCERT
for editing manuscript from the gender perspective. We are grateful to Shakambar Dutt,
Incharge Computer Station, DEE; Vijay Kumar, DTP Operator; Shreshtha Vats and Deepti
Sharma, Copy Editors; Shashi Devi, Proof Reader in shaping the book. The efforts of the
Publication Department, NCERT in bringing out this publication are also appreciated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2019-20

Going to School
3
Cement BridgeCement BridgeCement BridgeCement BridgeCement Bridge
We often need to go
across some water
bodies, so we use
bridges. These are
made of cement,
bricks and iron rods.
The bridge may also
have steps.
ÖÖÖÖÖ How is this bridge different from a bamboo bridge?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many people do you think can cross the bridge at one time?
You have seen how children use different kind of bridges, to
cross rivers and other uneven areas to reach school.
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you had a chance, which bridge would you like to use? Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you have to cross any bridge on the way to your school? If
yes, what is the bridge like? Draw its picture.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out from your grandparents, what kinds of bridges were
there when they were young.
2019-20

18. Too Much Water,
Too Little Water 146
19. Abdul in the Garden 158
20. Eating Together 166
21. Food and Fun 174
22. The World in my Home 179
23. Pochampalli 186
24. Home and Abroad 191
25. Spicy Riddles 199
26. Defence Officer: Wahida 204
27. Chuskit Goes to School 210
xii
2019-20

Let us meet some children and see how they reach school.
Bamboo BridgeBamboo BridgeBamboo BridgeBamboo BridgeBamboo Bridge
It rains so much where we live.
Sometimes after the rain, there
is knee-high water everywhere.
But that does not stop us from
getting to school. We hold our
books in one hand and bamboo
with the other. We quickly cross
the bamboo and rope bridge to
reach school.
Try these
ÖÖÖÖÖ Collect some bricks. Lay them
on the ground in a line as
shown in the picture. Try
walking on them. Was it easy ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make a small bridge by tying
4 or 5 bamboo poles together.
Ask your teacher to help you.
Now walk on your bridge.
How did you feel? Did you fall
down? If you walk like this a
few times, you will start
finding it easy.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think it would be
easier to walk on this
bridge barefoot or with
shoes or slippers ? Why ?
Assam
2019-20

Going to School
9
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think that such places have snow all the time? Why?
Rocky PathsRocky PathsRocky PathsRocky PathsRocky Paths
We live in the mountains.
The paths are rocky and
uneven. The children
who live in the plains will
find it difficult to walk on
these. But we can easily
race up and down.
No matter whether there is a dense forest, farms, mountains or
snow on the way, we manage to reach school.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you face difficulties on the way to your school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which is the best month, in which you like to go to school? Why?
See Me Walk!See Me Walk!See Me Walk!See Me Walk!See Me Walk!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Go to a ground or an open space with your friends. Act the
way you will walk in these situations.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The ground is made of soft and smooth rose petals.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The ground is covered with thorns and there is tall grass on
the sides.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The ground is covered with snow.
Was there a difference in the way you walked each time? Discuss.
Uttarakhand
For the teacher: Discuss different modes that children use to
come to school. Help them identify the possible dangers and
discuss the safety aspects. You may discuss with them
environment friendly ways of travelling.
2019-20

Looking Around
4
Is there any bridge near your house? Find out more about
the bridge.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where is the bridge – over water, over a road, between two
mountains or somewhere else?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who all use the bridge? Is it used by people on foot and also
by vehicles and animals?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does the bridge seem to be old or is it new?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out what materials are used in making this bridge. List
some of them.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a picture of the bridge in your notebook. Do not forget to
draw the train, vehicles, animals or people who cross the bridge.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Imagine what difficulties there would be, if the bridge was
not there?
Let us find out some other ways by which children get to school.
VallamVallamVallamVallamVallam
In some parts of Kerala, we
use a vallam (small wooden
boat) to reach school.
Kerala
2019-20

Ear to Ear
13
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out some other animals which have ears that we can
not see. Write their names.
Read and WriteRead and WriteRead and WriteRead and WriteRead and Write
ÖÖÖÖÖ An animal with ears like fans
ÖÖÖÖÖ An animal with ears like leaves
ÖÖÖÖÖ An animal with ears on the top
of its head
ÖÖÖÖÖ An animal with ears on both
sides of its head
You know very well that ears
help us to hear. In some animals
you can see the ears, in some you
can not. We can not see a bird’s
ears. A bird has tiny holes on both
sides of its head. Generally, the
holes are covered with feathers.
They help the bird to hear.
If you look carefully, you will
see tiny holes on a lizard’s head.
These are its ears.
A crocodile also has ears like this, but we can not see
them easily.
Whose SkinWhose SkinWhose SkinWhose SkinWhose Skin
Now you know how to recognise animals by their ears. Let us
see if we can recognise animals by their skin.
2019-20

Looking Around
6
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you have bullock-carts where you live?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does it have a roof?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of wheels do they have?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make a drawing of the cart in your notebook.
Bicycle rideBicycle rideBicycle rideBicycle rideBicycle ride
We ride our bicycles
on the long road to
school. At first, girls
here did not go to
school, because it
was too far. But now
groups of 7-8 girls
easily ride even
through the
difficult roads.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you ride a bicycle? If yes, who taught you to ride?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many children come on bicycles to your school?
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Going to School
7
JugaJugaJugaJugaJugaddddd - What a Vehicle!- What a Vehicle!- What a Vehicle!- What a Vehicle!- What a Vehicle!
Look at our special
transport. It sounds
phut-phut-phut
when it runs. Is it
not something
special! The front
looks like a
motorcycle but the
carriage at the back
is made out of
planks of wood.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you have such vehicles in your area?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you call them in your area?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would you like to ride in something like this? Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you tell why it is called jugad?
ÖÖÖÖÖ The jugad has been made by using waste material. Why don’t
you also try to make something by putting together some waste
material?
Can you think of a place where none of these vehicles can
reach? Yes, there are such places!
Gujarat
2019-20

Looking Around
8
Children cross the JungleChildren cross the JungleChildren cross the JungleChildren cross the JungleChildren cross the Jungle
We have to go through a thick forest
to reach school. At some places, it is
so thick that even sunlight does not
pass through. It is also very silent
there, you can only hear the sounds
of different birds and other creatures.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever been in a thick
jungle or any such place?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Write your experiences in your
notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you recognise some birds by
their sounds? Can you imitate the
sounds of some birds? Do it.
Moving on the SnowMoving on the SnowMoving on the SnowMoving on the SnowMoving on the Snow
See, how we reach school! We go to
school through miles of snow. We
hold hands and walk carefully. If the
snow is soft, our feet sink into it.
When the snow is frozen, we may slip
and fall.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen so much
snow? Where? In films or
somewhere else?
Northern Hills
2019-20

Looking Around
10
From Children’s PenFrom Children’s PenFrom Children’s PenFrom Children’s PenFrom Children’s Pen
Failed in the test – 30 rulers
Fooled around in the test – 15 rulers
Homework not done? – 8 rulers
Nails, teeth, dress not clean – 30 sit ups
Having fun in class when teacher is out – Stand on one leg for two
hours.
Not back in class after the recess – Stand on the bench with your hands
up in the air for one hour.
– Sagar Mishra, Class V
Chakmak, August 2006
Devas, Madhya Pradesh
Talk and share about it
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you also have punishment in your school? What kind?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think that punishment should not be there in schools?
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you come across any such incident, whom will you inform?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How will you make a complaint?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is punishment the only solution to misdeeds? Make some
rules for school to prevent misdeeds.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a picture of your ‘dream school’ in your notebook and
write about it and share in the class.
For the teacher: The purpose behind giving this column is to
totally discourage punishments in schools. Discuss this issue
sensitively in the class. Encourage the students for self discipline.
NO PUNISHMENTS
2019-20

Who has got my ears?Who has got my ears?Who has got my ears?Who has got my ears?Who has got my ears?
Animal Ear Animal Ear
Elephant Mouse Dog
Rabbit Buffalo
Mouse Deer
Giraffe
Are these animals looking funny? The artist has drawn wrong ears on
the heads of the animals. Give correct ears to the animals in the space
given below.
2019-20

Looking Around
12
ÖÖÖÖÖ Different animals have different kinds of ears. Among the animals
given below, which one have ears that you can see? In which
animal can you not see the ears? Write in the table below.
Deer Frog Fish Ant Crow
Tiger Sparrow Buffalo Snake Lizard
Pig Duck Giraffe Elephant Cat
Do you think that the animals whose ears we can not see,
really do not have ears?
Let us observe this picture.Let us observe this picture.Let us observe this picture.Let us observe this picture.Let us observe this picture.
Animals whose ears weAnimals whose ears weAnimals whose ears weAnimals whose ears weAnimals whose ears we
can seecan seecan seecan seecan see
Animals whose ears weAnimals whose ears weAnimals whose ears weAnimals whose ears weAnimals whose ears we
can not seecan not seecan not seecan not seecan not see
Name the animals in the pictures.
Can you see their ears?
They all have ears, even though we can not see them.
2019-20

Looking Around
14
The different patterns on the animals are due to the hair on
their skin.
Have you ever seen an animal without hair or whose hair
have been removed? Imagine how the animal would look if it
did not have any hair on its skin. There would be no patterns!
Match the animals shown here with the pictures of their skin.
Make the correct pattern of the skin on the picture of each animal.
2019-20

Ear to Ear
15
In which list did you put the cow and the buffalo? From a
distance, can you see the hair on their skin? Try to go near one
of them. Could you see the hair?
If you were to meet an elephant, would you dare to touch it?
Do you know that an elephant also has hair on its skin.
For the Teacher: Discuss more details of mentioned animals in this
chapter such as their food habits, habitats, etc. Develop sensitivity
towards animals.
You might have seen some of the animals given below.
Fox Elephant Sparrow Pigeon
Frog Crow Peacock Pig
Mouse Cat Buffalo Duck
Hen Camel Lizard Cow
Put the names of the animals in the table below.
Ears can be Has hair Ears can not Has feathers
seen on skin be seen on skin
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Looking Around
16
Can you tell which of the
animals mentioned in the list
lay eggs? Find out and write the
names of these animals in the
green box.
Which of the animals in the list give birth to babies? Write
their names in the red box.
Now, look again at the table on the previous page. Draw a
line under the names of animals whose names are in the green
box. Put a circle around the names of those animals whose
names are in the red box.
So, what did you note? Those animals whose ears you can
see have hair on their body. These animals give birth to the
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Ear to Ear
17
young ones. Those animals that do not have ears on the outside,
do not have hair on their body. These animals lay eggs.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen animals around your house or school that
have small babies? Write their names in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever kept a pet? Does anyone you know keep a pet?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out more about the pet.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which animal is it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does it have a name? What is it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who gave it this name?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What does it like to eat?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many times a day is it given food?
ÖÖÖÖÖ When does it sleep? For how long does it sleep?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there any special way to look after this animal? How ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does it get angry? When? How do you know it is angry ?
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Looking Around
18
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does it have hair or feathers on its skin?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you see its ears?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is it a baby or a young animal or a full grown animal?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Will this pet animal lay eggs or give birth to babies?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does it have young ones?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a picture of this animal and colour it. Give it a name
of your own choice.
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Ear to Ear
19
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at this picture. Colour the parts which have even
numbers (2, 4, 6, 8…). What do you see? Find out the name
of the animal.
Many many years ago there were dinosaurs on earth, but
not any more. Now we see them in films, photos and books.
Find out more about dinosaurs and share with your friends.
Have you seen any animal that looks a little
like dinosaur ? Do you know its name?
Find out from your elders.
For the teacher: Chidren may name many different animals that they
think resemble the dinosaur. All answers are acceptable. You can create
and organise more such activities in the class.
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Looking Around
20
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at this animal. Write its name.
Do you know that this is our National
Animal?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where does it live?
The numbers of this animal are going
down in India. Discuss why this could
be happening ?
Make Your Own BirdMake Your Own BirdMake Your Own BirdMake Your Own BirdMake Your Own Bird
For the teacher: For making the paper bird it will be useful if the paper
has different colours on both sides.
2019-20

Nandu Wakes UpNandu Wakes UpNandu Wakes UpNandu Wakes UpNandu Wakes Up
Nandu woke up and opened his eyes. For a few seconds he was
not sure where he was. It seemed to him that he was surrounded
by a forest of big grey tree trunks. He blinked his eyes and looked
around. Oh! There was Amma.
The grey forest that he had imagined he was in, was actually
the legs and trunks of his family members.
The sun was overhead and it
was getting hot. Nani ma
trumpetted – made a loud
sound. Nani ma is the oldest in
this herd of elephants. She
started moving towards the
jungle. The other female
elephants saw her and started
to follow her. Nandu also went
with them.
For the teacher: Mother’s mother is called nani ma. Ask children what they call
their mother’s mother.
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22
Looking Around
When they reached the jungle, the members of the herd
started spreading out. Each member went to eat her favourite
leaves and twigs. After they had eaten, the herd moved towards
the river. The baby elephants enjoyed playing in the water. The
mothers lay down in the water and mud on the river bank.
Findout
ÖÖÖÖÖ Nandu is only three months old, but he weighs 200 kilograms.
What is your weight?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you find out – the weight of how many children like you
will add up to Nandu’s weight?
Do you know that an adult elephant can eat more than 100
kilograms of leaves and twigs in one day? Elephants do not
rest very much. They sleep for only two to four hours in a
day. Elephants love to play with mud and water. The mud
keeps their skin cool. Their big ears also work like fans. The
elephants flap these to keep themselves cool.
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23
A Day with Nandu
Fun and GamesFun and GamesFun and GamesFun and GamesFun and Games
Nandu saw his brothers and sisters pulling each other’s tails.
He thought, “I better not go near them. What if they fall on me?
I am still small.” He quietly went and stood near his mother.
Amma gently pushed Nandu towards the water, as if she was
telling him to go and play. Nandu loved to play in the water. His
cousins were already there. Just as he reached near, a strong
fountain of water fell on his head. He got wet. Oh, this was the
work of his naughty cousins. Nandu joined them in the game.
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24
Looking Around
Before sunset, the herd started back towards the jungle. By
then, Nandu was very tired. He settled himself between his
mother’s front legs and fell asleep as he drank her milk.
Like elephants, some other animals also live together in
groups. These animal groups are called herds. Animals in herds
usually move around together, searching for food.
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you were Nandu, and you lived in a herd, what kind of
things would you do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In the elephant herd, the oldest female elephant decides
everything. Who takes decisions in your family?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make a collage of a herd of elephants in your notebook. For
this, collect as many pictures of elephants that you can. Cut
out the elephants and stick them in the notebook.
You have read about Nandu and the elephant herd. An
elephant herd has mainly females and baby elephants. The
oldest female is the leader of the herd. A herd may have 10
to 12 female elephants and young ones. Male elephants live
in the herd till they are 14 –15 years old. Then they leave
their herd and move around alone. Nandu will also leave
his herd when he is that old.
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25
A Day with Nandu
ÖÖÖÖÖ Nandu did things that he liked to do. If you could spend a
whole day with your friends, what all would you do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out and write, which other animals live in herds.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you also live in a group? Do you like to live together like
that? Why would you like or not like to live in a group?
Why I would likeWhy I would likeWhy I would likeWhy I would likeWhy I would like Why I would not likeWhy I would not likeWhy I would not likeWhy I would not likeWhy I would not like
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do elephants feel when they kept in chains? Discuss
and share your feelings.
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26
Looking Around
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever taken a ride on an elephant? How did it feel?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which animals have you sat on? Write their names.
ÖÖÖÖÖ You must have seen many animals around you – in books, in
movies. Some may be alone, some in groups. Find out more about
any one of these animals and write about it.
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27
A Day with Nandu
Think aThink aThink aThink aThink and Writend Writend Writend Writend Write
Why do you think the egret is sitting on
the buffalo?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen any animal riding on
another animal? Write its name.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The animal which is riding.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The animal which gives the ride.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which animals do we use for riding?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which animals do we use for carrying loads?
Make Your Own ElephantMake Your Own ElephantMake Your Own ElephantMake Your Own ElephantMake Your Own Elephant
ÖÖÖÖÖ Copy the drawing of the elephant given on the next page in
a bigger size on a thick sheet of paper.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make small cuts where it says “cut” (£)in the picture. Be
careful not to cut off the part.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Fold along the dotted lines [……….]
ÖÖÖÖÖ Fold the part with [////////] pattern and push them
underneath.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Cut out the tail and stick it on.
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28
Looking Around
Your elephant is ready.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Colour and decorate it.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Put up an exhibition in class of all the paper-elephants
that you have made.
Tail
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29
A Day with Nandu
What do They Say?What do They Say?What do They Say?What do They Say?What do They Say?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at these pictures and read what these animals are sharing
with their friends. Discuss these narratives sensitively in the class.
You see me in
circus – dancing
and jumping
They make us
dance and dance
and dance. Even if
we don’t want to,
or we are in pain.
That too, with an
empty stomach!
The basket is the only
home I have. I have
forgotten what it is like in
the open jungle and fresh
air. For me it is only the
basket and the snake
charmer!
You have only
seen how fast I
run. Have you
seen my ‘shoes’?
Do you know
how much pain I
get when they fix
the horseshoes
to my hooves?
Gurtargoo! Gurtargoo!
Do you know people
specially call out to me
to feed me with grain.
Meow! Meow! Meow!
I can just roam
around everywhere.
Children love me a
lot. They pat me and
also give me milk.
through rings of fire. You
clap and enjoy. Do you
think that I also enjoy all
this? If I do not do this I
will get no food, only get a
beating!
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30
Looking Around
Discuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ You have read what these animals say. Why do you think
that some of them are sad?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do you think they are different – the monkeys that
dance to entertain people and the monkeys that are free?
How many legs does this elephant havHow many legs does this elephant havHow many legs does this elephant havHow many legs does this elephant havHow many legs does this elephant haveeeee?????
Doyouknow?
Elephants help each other when in trouble. They join
together to care for and rescue their young ones.
2019-20

This is a true story from long long ago. Almost three hundred
years ago, in a village called Khejadli, lived Amrita. Khejadli village
is near Jodhpur in Rajasthan. The village got its name because of
the many Khejadi trees that grew there.
The people of this village took great care of the plants, trees
and animals. Goats, deer, hares and peacocks roamed fearlessly
there. The people of the village remembered what their elders
used to tell them. They used to say, “Agar perh hain to hum hain.
Plants and animals can survive without us, but we can not survive
without them.”
For the teacher: Encourage children to locate Rajasthan on the map
of India.
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Looking Around
32
Amrita’s FriendsAmrita’s FriendsAmrita’s FriendsAmrita’s FriendsAmrita’s Friends
Amrita would get up early every morning and greet her friends
– the trees. She would choose a special tree for the day. She
would put her arms around the tree trunk and whisper to the
tree, “Friend, you are strong and beautiful. You care for us.
Thank you tree. I love you very much. Give your strength to me
also.”
Like Amrita, the other children also had their special trees.
They would play for hours in the shade of the trees.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there a place near your house, school or along the road
side, where trees have been planted?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why were they planted there?
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The Story of Amrita
33
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen anyone taking care of the trees? Who does
this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen fruits on any of the tree? Who eats these
fruits?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Lalita feels that grass and small plants growing near her
school wall have not been planted by anyone. Do you know
of any place where grass, small plants or trees are growing
on their own without being planted by anyone?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you feel they are growing on their own?
Trees in DangerTrees in DangerTrees in DangerTrees in DangerTrees in Danger
Time went by. Amrita was
now grown up. One day she
went to greet her trees. She
saw that there were some
strangers in her village. They
had axes with them. They
said that the King had sent
them to cut trees for wood.
The wood was needed for
building the King’s palace.
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Looking Around
34
Amrita was shocked. She
went to the tree that the
men were about to cut. She
put her arms around the
tree and hugged it tightly.
The men shouted and
threatened her, but Amrita
did not let go of the tree.
The King’s men had to follow
his order. They had to cut the tree. On seeing this, Amrita’s
daughters and hundreds of
villagers – old and young –
hugged the trees to protect
them. Many people including
Amrita and her daughters
died to save the trees.
When the King heard of
this, he could not believe
that people gave up their life
for trees. He visited the village himself. There he learned
about villagers’ respect for trees and animals.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you remember what the elders of this village used to say?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think we could survive if there were no trees and no
animals? Discuss this in your class.
The Village is ProtectedThe Village is ProtectedThe Village is ProtectedThe Village is ProtectedThe Village is Protected
The villagers’ strong feelings for trees affected the King greatly. He
ordered that from then on, no tree would be cut and no animal
would be harmed in that area. Even today, almost three hundred
years later, the people of this area, called Bishnois, continue to
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The Story of Amrita
35
protect plants and animals. Even though in the middle of the
desert, this area is green and animals roam freely without fear.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you remember that in Class III, you had made a tree your
friend? How is your friend now?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why don’t you make a new friend this year? Have you
seen how your friends–the trees, change in some ways,
in different months of a year.
Write about any one tree.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does the tree flower ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do the flowers remain on the tree throughout the year ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In which month do their leaves fall?
2019-20

From the Window
59
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out in which states these languages are spoken?
Language Where it is spoken (State)
Malayalam
Konkani
Marathi
Gujarati
Kannada
17 May
Now it is night. We have also started
packing up. The train will reach
Kottayam in about three hours.
That is where we have to get off.
Tonight we will go to Valiyamma’s house. Tomorrow, we
will take the bus that will take us to Ammumma’s village. We
all are quite tired. After all, we have been on the train for two
days. What a long journey it has been! We had a lot of fun. I
will put my diary away now. I will write again after we reach
Ammumma’s house.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you call them?
Your mother’s sister
Your mother’s mother
Your father’s sister
Your father’s mother
For the teacher: Help the children to find out about the different states,
languages, clothes, food and landforms. Mother’s elder sister is called
Valiyamma and mother’s mother is Ammumma in Malayalam.
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The Story of Amrita
37
ÖÖÖÖÖ Shanti’s grandfather told her that when he was a small
child he saw more birds like sparrows and mynah than
he sees today. Can you make two guesses why their
numbers have become less?
The Khejadi tree was the most common tree that grew in
Amrita’s village. Which kind of trees can you see a lot of, in your
area? Name two such trees.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out more about these trees from your elders.
The Khejadi tree is found mainly in desert areas. It can
grow without much water. Its bark is used for making
medicines. People cook and eat its fruits (beans). Its wood
is such that it will not be affected by insects. Animals in
this area eat the leaves of the Khejadi. And children like
you, play in its shade.
For the teacher: Encourage children to ask their elders about
animals and insects. Discuss with the children about the reducing
number of birds due to changes in the environment.
2019-20

My name is Anita Khushwaha. I live in Bochaha village. This is
in Muzzafarpur district in Bihar. I stay with my parents and two
younger brothers. I study in college. Besides studying, I teach
young children. I also keep honeybees.
All this has not been easy for me. When I was young, I used
to spend all my time with my goats as they grazed for food. I
always wanted to go to school but my parents did not like the
idea of girls going to school.
* This is a true story. Anita Khushwaha is a ‘Girl Star’. ‘Girl Stars’ is a project
which tells extraordinary tales of ordinary girls who have changed their life
by going to school.
* Encourage children to locate Bihar on the map of India, given on the last
page of the book.
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39
Anita and the Honeybees
A Dream of SchoolA Dream of SchoolA Dream of SchoolA Dream of SchoolA Dream of School
One day I peeped into the school in
our village. I could not stay away. I
silently went and sat down behind
the children. I felt so happy. I went
home and picked up courage to
talk to my parents about going to
school. But they told me clearly that I could not
do so. That day, I cried and cried.
One of the teachers in my village explained to my parents why
it is important to study. The teacher told them that they would not
have to pay anything for my education upto Class VIII. The teacher
said that it was the right of every child to go to school. Somehow
my parents agreed. I started going to school. I did not get high
marks, but I always asked many questions!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out how much money do you spend in one year for
various school related things.
Things Money Spent
1. Travel to school and back
2. Notebooks
3. Pens-Pencils/Stationery
4. Uniforms
5. School bag
6. Lunch Box
7. Shoes
8. Other Things (i)
(ii)
Total
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Looking Around
40
One Sweet Memory
I remember some older boys in my
village also used to teach young
children. They did not like it when I
started teaching. They started to
scold and scare the children, so that
they would not come to me. For some
time, all the children except two,
stopped coming to me. But soon they
all came back because I used to teach
them with love and care.
ÖÖÖÖÖ How much money did you spend on your books this year?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of a school uniform would you like to wear? Draw
a picture of it in your notebook and colour it.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make two groups in the class. Debate the topic – ‘We should
have uniforms in school.’
Staying in SchoolStaying in SchoolStaying in SchoolStaying in SchoolStaying in School
Time passed, and soon I completed Class V. I knew that we
would need to spend more in Class VI. My parents said that it
was time for me to leave school, but I wanted to study more. I
found a way to do this. I started to teach younger children.
From the money that I got, I was able to continue my own studies.
Let us talk
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know someone who wanted to study, but could not
do so? Talk about them in the class.
For the teacher: Explain the meaning of term ‘debate’ to children. Debate
helps children look at any issue from different angles. Encourage children
to give their opinions in class.
2019-20

41
ÖÖÖÖÖ Every child has a right to free education upto Class VIII. Do you
think that all children are able to study up to Class VIII? Discuss.
A Secret
I learnt how to ride a motor-
cycle. I did not tell anyone. I
fell down and got hurt many
times, but I was happy!
Do you know?
What is RTE-Act 2009?
This provides the right of free
and compulsory education to
each child aged 6 to 14 years.
Slowly I started talking to other
parents in the village about sending
their daughters to school. My
parents also started helping me in
my work. My mother used to do all
the house work so that I could get
more time to study.
From School to Bee-keepingFrom School to Bee-keepingFrom School to Bee-keepingFrom School to Bee-keepingFrom School to Bee-keeping
There are many litchi trees in our area. Honeybees are attracted
to the litchi flowers. Many people do bee-keeping and collect
honey. I thought that I could also do this. I joined a course run
by the government to learn about this. I was the only girl in this
course. During my training I found that honeybees lay their
eggs from October to December. This was the best time to start
bee-keeping.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen any insects near flowers? Find out their names
and write.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw and colour their pictures in the notebook.
For the teacher: Find out different schemes available for education of girl
child. Further help them identify opportunities for skill development.
2019-20

Looking Around
42
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you think they come to the flowers? Find out.
ÖÖÖÖÖ When honeybees fly, there is a kind of sound. Can you try to
copy this sound?
Becoming a Bee-keeperBecoming a Bee-keeperBecoming a Bee-keeperBecoming a Bee-keeperBecoming a Bee-keeper
I completed my bee-keeping course. But I did not have money to
keep my own bees and start work. I continued to teach and with
time could collect `5000. With this money, I bought two boxes
for keeping bees. Each box costs `2000. With the remaining
money, I bought sugar to make the syrup for honeybees, and
medicines to clean the beehives.
42
2019-20

43
That was in September. By December, I had so many bees
that I had to buy two more boxes. I was still learning about
bee-keeping. Many times, the bees would sting me and my hands
and face would get swollen. It would pain a lot. How could I
complain to anybody? I myself had decided to do this work.
Find out
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do people in your area put on the part of the body
where the bee has stung?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a picture of a honeybee in your notebook. Colour it and
give it a name.
The litchi trees come to flower in February. I put all my four
boxes near the litchi orchards. I got 12 kilograms of honey from
each box. I sold this honey in the market. This was my first
earning from my bees. Now I have 20 boxes.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What will be the total cost of Anita’s 20 boxes?
Every day I cycle to my
college. My college is in
the town, five kilometres
away. When I go to
college, my mother
prepares the syrup for
the bees. My father
looks after the bees
and takes the honey
out of the boxes.
Now you also know
a lot about Anita.
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Looking Around
44
Anita is known by
everyone in all the villages
nearby. She goes to all
the village meetings and
talks about how
important it is for
everyone to study.
Sometimes people make
fun of her, but Anita
knows what she wants
to do. She does exactly what she wants to.
Anita wants to become a wholesaler so that she can help the
villagers to get the right price for their honey.
Find out
ÖÖÖÖÖ Anita and others in her village get Rs.35 for one kilogram of
honey. How much does one kilogram of honey cost in your
town?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the different colours of honey that you have seen?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is honey used in your house? What is it used for?
Every beehive has one Queen Bee that lays eggs. There are
only a few males in the hive. Most of the bees in the hive are
worker-bees. These bees work all day. They make the hive and
For the teacher: Explain the role of wholesaler to children.
2019-20

45
also look after the baby
bees. They fly around
flowers in search of nectar.
They collect nectar from
flowers for honey. When
one bee finds flowers with
nectar, it does a special
kind of dance by which the
other bees can know where
the nectar is. The worker-
bees are very important for the hive. Without worker-bees there
would be neither hive nor any nectar collection. All bees in the
hive would go hungry. The male bees have no special role as
workers.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which are some other insects that live together in a group,
like honeybees?
Ants live and work together like honeybees. The Queen Ant
lays the eggs, the Soldier Ants look after and guard the ants’
nest, Worker Ants are always busy looking for food and bringing
it to the nest. Termites and wasps also live like this.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen where ants live?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of eatables attract ants? List them.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at a line of ants. What is its colour?
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Looking Around
46
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you been bitten by an ant? What was the ant
like – black or red, big or small?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do ants ever come near you? When?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look carefully at some big and small ants. How many legs
does an ant have?
Big ant
Small ant
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw an ant in your notebook and colour it.
ÖÖÖÖÖ While eating peanuts you probably throw away the shells.
Why don’t you try to make some insects by using the
shells. Do not forget to colour them.
Web link to Anita’s Story–http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtviVVIDQYWA
2019-20

Looking Around
48
Omana’s DiaryOmana’s DiaryOmana’s DiaryOmana’s DiaryOmana’s Diary
16 May
As soon as we
had reached the station we
checked our names on the
reservation chart. Soon the
train reached the platform. We
saw that the coach was
already full. The train had
started early in the morning
from Gandhidham, in Kutch.
When the train came, there was so much
confusion. People were getting off and others were pushing and
trying to put their luggage inside, all from one door.
We somehow managed to get in, find our seats and put our
luggage under them. By the time the train started, most people
had found their seats and arranged their luggage. After some
time the ticket
collector came and
checked our tickets
to see that we were
in our proper seats.
Amma and Appa
had the lower
berths. Unni and I
have the middle
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Omana’s Journey
49
berths. There are two college students who have the upper berths.
On the other berths, there is a family with two children. They
seem to be about our age. I will go and talk to them later.
Now I am sitting near the window and I have started writing
about our journey, just as I had promised you. I will stop now
because Amma has opened the tiffin box. Amma had packed a lot
of food – dhokla with chutney, lemon rice, and some mithai. My
mouth is watering. I will write more later.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why was it so crowded at the door of the coach?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever travelled in a train? When?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What food would you like to take with you when you travel?
Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What does the ticket-checker do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How will you recognise the ticket-checker?
2019-20

Looking Around
50
16 May
After lunch some people slept.
But I was not sleepy. I kept
looking out of the window. I saw
many fields, but they all were
brown and dry. Sometimes we
passed small villages. They
seemed to be flying by. Do you know that when the train is
at a very high speed
things outside seem to
be running in the
opposite direction?
Earlier it was really
hot. Now that it is
evening, there is some
breeze.
The sun is slowly
setting and the sky has become orange. I
have never seen it look like this in Ahmedabad.
We have just passed a station called Valsad. The train
stopped for only
two minutes, but
even for the short
time, there was so
m u c h n o i s e .
“Chai! garam ,
chai!” one man
w a s c a l l i n g ,
“batata vada !
batata vada !
2019-20

Omana’s Journey
51
puri-shaak!, doodh-thanda-doodh!.” People were selling and
buying food on the platform. We quickly bought some bananas
and chikoos through the window itself.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What did Omana see from the window?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are some of the things that are sold at Railway
stations?
16 May
For the teacher: Gandhidham, Ahmedabad and Valsad are in Gujarat.
Kozhikode is in Kerala. Show these states to the children on the map to
help them realise what a long journey it is.
I have made some friends. They
are Sunil and Ann. They are going
to their grandmother’s house in
Kozhikode. Sunil has given me some
story books to read.
A little while ago, I
went to brush my teeth,
but there was no water
in the bathroom.
Somebody said that it
will only be filled at the
next big station.
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Looking Around
52
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you think there was no water in the bathroom of
the train? Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Imagine that you are going on a long train journey. What
are the things that you will take with you to help pass the
time?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you recognise who are these people shown in the
picture? What work do they do? Discuss.
For the teacher: Discuss the ways of booking a railway ticket from ticket
counters at railway station and also online.
http://www.coms.indianrailways.gov.in/criscm/home.seam
7 1
2
6
5
3
4
2019-20

17 May
It is morning now. Last night I went
to sleep early. It was too dark to see
anything outside. When the train
stopped early this morning, I woke
up. It was Madgaon. That was written
on the board at the platform. Appa
said that we were going through the
state of Goa.
We got off at the station and had some hot tea and filled our
water bottles. The train
started again. I find it
difficult to describe the
scene outside. It is so
beautiful. It is green
everywhere – fields with
red soil and green crops,
hills covered with trees.
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Looking Around
54
Sometimes, I can see small ponds, and far away, behind the
hills, more water. I can’t make out if it is a river or the sea. The air
is cooler, and not so dry as in Ahmedabad.
The train passed
a ‘level crossing’.
People are waiting
on both the sides of
the crossing for the
train to pass. There
are buses full of
people, cars, trucks,
a u t o r i c k s h a w s ,
cycles, motor cycles,
scooters and even
tongas and bullock-
carts with people
and goods in them. Some people do not switch off the engines
of their vehicle even while waiting at the level crossing. There
is a lot of smoke and noise. I see some people going under the
bars of the level crossing. How dangerous this is!
At times our train crosses another train. Unni and I tried to
count the carriages in one such train, but both the trains were
going so fast. We always got confused.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What was the difference in the scene that Omana saw from
the train on the first day and on the second day?
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From the Window
55
ÖÖÖÖÖ Omana saw many kinds of vehicles at the level-crossing.
Which of them run on diesel or petrol?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why was there so much smoke and noise from the vehicles
at the level crossing?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What can we do to reduce noise of the vehicle and save petrol
and diesel? Discuss.
Discuss
Sometimes people cross the tracks even when the crossing is
closed. What do you feel about this?
Later, I was sitting near the window
with my eyes closed. Suddenly the
sound of the moving train changed
– khud, khud, khud… I opened my
eyes. Guess what I saw? Our train
was crossing a very big river, on a
very long bridge! As it was crossing the bridge it sounded very
different. The wheels rattled as there was no ground, only the
tracks, and the water down below. When I first looked down, I
felt giddy. It was really quite scary! The river down below was
full of water and had some boats. I could also see some fishermen
17 May
2019-20

Looking Around
56
on the banks. I
waved at them, but
I did not know if
they could see me.
Alongside our
bridge, there was
another bridge for
buses and cars.
This was built
differently from
ours. I think going
over our bridge was
more adventurous!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen any bridges? Where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever crossed a bridge? Where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What was the bridge built over?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What did you see below the bridge?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out why bridges are made.
2019-20

From the Window
57
17 May
everything became dark. It also felt a little cold inside. I was
afraid. Then the lights in the train came on. But outside, it was
very dark. Somebody said, “We have entered a tunnel. This
goes right through the mountain.” The tunnel seemed to go on
and on. And then, just as
suddenly, we were in
daylight again. Outside it
was sunny, bright and
green. The train had crossed
the tunnel. Appa explained
that we were on the other
side of the mountain. Since
then, we have passed
through four smaller
tunnels. Now I am enjoying
going through the tunnels.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever been through a tunnel? How did you feel?
ÖÖÖÖÖ The route from Goa to Kerala has a total of 2000 bridges and
92 tunnels! Why do you think there are so many bridges and
tunnels?
The last few hours have been so
exciting. After breakfast, I
climbed on to the upper berth
to read my comics. It was bright
and sunny outside. Suddenly,
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Looking Around
58
ÖÖÖÖÖ Imagine and draw in your notebook what Omana saw under
the bridge when her train crossed it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Imagine, if on the way there had been no tunnels and bridges,
how would Omana’s train have crossed the moutains and rivers?
Now it is afternoon. For lunch we had
idli-vada that we bought from Udipi
station. We also bought some
bananas. These were very small and
very tasty. The scene outside has
changed again. Now we can see many
coconut trees, and green fields everywhere. Amma says that these
are paddy fields. The houses and villages look very different.
People’s clothes are also different from what we see in Ahmedabad.
Most people are wearing white or cream-coloured dhotis and sarees.
Many people who were with us from Ahmedabad have got off.
People have also got on to the train from different stations.
Sunil’s family is getting off at Kozhikode, which comes at
around 6 O’clock. We have exchanged addresses and plan to
meet in Ahmedabad. You will also like Sunil and Ann.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which languages do you speak at home?
ÖÖÖÖÖ On the way from Gujarat to Kerala Omana’s train went through
severalstatesofourcountry.Findoutandlistwhichstatesitcrossed.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did you ever have coconut water? How did you find it? Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a coconut tree and discuss in the class about it.
17 May
2019-20

17 May Night
After our long train journey
we reached Kottayam in
the night. Valiyamma’s
house was not far from the
station and we had to take
two auto-rickshaws to get
there. By then I was very
sleepy and did not even
wait to eat anything. I took
a bath and slept. I thought,
I had just fallen asleep when
Amma woke me up again.
We got ready, took our
luggage and went to the bus
stand. Valiyamma’s family
also came with us. We were
ten people, and had a lot of
luggage too!
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Reaching Grandmother’s House
61
The bus conductor came and Appa bought tickets for all
of us. We managed to get seats. As it went along, the bus got
very crowded. People were sharing the seats. We also had to
share our seats.
After a long ride, the bus reached the last stop, I was
happy to get off. My legs were stiff. I could hardly stand.
I thought that we had finally reached Ammumma’s village.
But no! Our travel had not ended yet. The bus had dropped
us by the water side. “Look”, Amma pointed across the
water. “That is where we have to go.” “But how will we get
there?” I wondered.
Just then I saw a boat coming. “There is the ferry,” Amma
said. Immediately a big crowd of people started getting off –
school children, men, women, all with their own packets
and luggage. Amma explained that the ferry was used by
people to cross the water and
reach the other side.
As soon as the ferry got
empty, the big rush
started from our side.
Everyone had to pay the
fare before getting on.
Very soon the ferry was
full. It started off again.
I managed to get a place to stand along
the railing. I saw the rippling of the still water as the ferry
moved. It was moving smoothly on the water. There were rows
of coconut trees on the banks of the river. As we moved
swiftly, I could see people, fishing, washing, bathing and
working along the banks.
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Looking Around
62
Just before the sun disappeared into the water, the ferry
reached the island and stopped. It was time for us to get off. At
last, we reached Ammumma’s place. What a long and interesting
journey it has been!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Omana travelled by different kinds of transport after she got
down from the train. Can you remember what these were?
ÖÖÖÖÖ On which vehicles have you travelled?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which ride did you enjoy the most? Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Omana left Ahmedabad on 16 May. How many hours did it
take for her to reach Ammumma’s place?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever been on a long journey? Where did you go?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Name the different kinds of transport that you used during
the journey.
For the teacher: In many parts of Kerala the ferry and other kind of
boats are commonly used to travel from one place to another. Discuss
why these are used. You can also ask children about boat rides that they
have taken.
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63
ÖÖÖÖÖ How long did your journey take?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Omana’s Appa bought tickets for the train and the bus. Can
you think of other means of transport for which we need to
buy tickets?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Sometimes we need to buy tickets to enter a place. Can you
think of such places?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at this picture of a railway ticket. Find the following
information on the ticket and circle them with different colours
and discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The train number
ÖÖÖÖÖ The date of the start of the journey
ÖÖÖÖÖ The berth and the coach numbers
ÖÖÖÖÖ The fare (the cost of the ticket)
ÖÖÖÖÖ The distance (in km)
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Looking Around
64
Write what other information you can find out from the ticket.
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
A railway time-table gives details about the route of every
train – the stations along the route, what time the train will
reach and leave each station, the distance covered, etc. We can
buy a railway time-table from a railway station.
Some portions of the time-table for the route of the train on
which Omana travelled are given. Look carefully at it and answer
the following questions.
16635 GANDHIDHAM NAGERCOIL EXPRESS
S.NoStation Name Arrival Departure Distance Day
Time Time (Kilometre)
1. GANDHIDHAM – 05:15 0 1
2. AHMEDABAD 11:30 11:50 301 1
3. VADODARA 14:03 14:10 401 1
4. SURAT 16:15 16:20 530 1
5. VALSAD 17:23 17:25 598 1
6. BHIWANDI ROAD 21:10 21:12 772 1
7. MADGAON 07:35 07:45 1509 2
8. UDUPI 12:06 12:18 1858 2
9. KOZHIKODE 17:45 17:50 2165 2
10. TRICHUR 21:05 21:10 2280 2
11. ERNAKULAM TOWN 22:35 22:40 2356 2
12. KOTTAYAM 23:50 23:55 2418 2
13. TRIVANDRUM CNTL 03:05 03:10 2578 3
14. NAGARCOIL 04:45 00:00 2649 3
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65
ÖÖÖÖÖ Circle the names of all the stations in the table that are
mentioned in Omana’s diary.
ÖÖÖÖÖ From which station did the train start?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many minutes did the train stop at Ahmedabad station?
ÖÖÖÖÖ On which day of the journey did the train reach Madgaon?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Sunil and Ann got off at Kozhikode station. Omana got off at
Kottayam station. How many hours does the train take to reach
Kottayam from Kozhikode?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the distance that the train travelled over the whole
route?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many kilometres did Omana travel by train?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would you like to keep a diary? Take a notebook or a diary.
Every day for a week, write about what you did. Also write
your thoughts and feelings. Share your diary with your friends.
For the teacher: Try to bring a railway time-table to the class. Help the
children to learn how to read the time-table. You can use the time-table to
devise many interesting activities to teach geography, mathematics, etc.
Help Children observe their nearest railway station for the availability of
safe drinking water, cleanliners, ramps, etc.
2019-20

Here are some pictures of families. These are the families of
Nimmi, Tsering and Nazli. Let us look at these pictures, talk
about what we see and discuss.
A New Arrival!A New Arrival!A New Arrival!A New Arrival!A New Arrival!
There is great excitement in Nimmi’s family. She has a new
baby sister.
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Changing Families
67
Lookatthepicturesandwrite
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who were the members of Nimmi’s family before the
arrival of her baby sister?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many members are there in Nimmi’s family now?
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do you think the lives of Nimmi’s family members have
changed after the arrival of the new baby? For example –
ÖÖÖÖÖ How will Nimmi spend her day now?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What new work will her mother do now?
ÖÖÖÖÖ There will be a change in the daily work of Nimmi’s father,
grandmother and uncle with the arrival of the new baby.
Can you tell how?
For the teacher: Give an opportunity to each child to share his or her
experiences.
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Looking Around
68
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has a small brother or sister been born in your home or in
any house in your neighbourhood?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How does it feel to have a new baby at home?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How have things changed at home with the new baby?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out all about the youngest child in your home or in the
home of a relative. Then write –
ÖÖÖÖÖ When was the baby born?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is the baby a boy or a girl?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How are you related to him or her?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where was the baby born?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who does the baby look like?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the colour of his or her hair?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the colour of his or her eyes?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does the baby have any teeth?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do we feed the baby with?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the baby’s length?
For the teacher: Encourage children to read their birth certificates and
health cards.
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Changing Families
69
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many hours a day does the baby sleep?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What different sounds does the baby make?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who does the baby stay with most of the time?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Stick a photograph of the baby or draw a picture in your
notebook.
New PlaceNew PlaceNew PlaceNew PlaceNew Place
Tsering’s father received a letter from his office. The letter
said that he was being promoted and would have to move to
another city.
When Tsering’s father showed the letter to his family, how
do you think the different members would have felt?
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Looking Around
70
ÖÖÖÖÖ What will change in Tsering’s family after his father’s transfer?
For example –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who from Tsering’s family will live with his father at the
new place? Which school will Tsering go to now? Will he
have new friends?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has anybody in your family moved to a new place because
of work?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you feel about this change?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there anyone in your class or school who has come to
your school from another place? If so, talk to him or her.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where has she or he come from?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What was his or her old school like?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What does he or she find different here?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does he or she like the change?
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Changing Families
71
It’s a Wedding!It’s a Wedding!It’s a Wedding!It’s a Wedding!It’s a Wedding!
There is great joy in Nazli’s home today. Her elder cousin brother
is getting married.
Letustalk
Do you think that there will be any change in Nazli’s family
after this wedding? What will change?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think there will be changes in the home from where
the new bride has come? What kind of changes?
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Looking Around
72
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk to your mother and aunts in the family. Ask them
about where they lived before they got married.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who were the members in their families then?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has anybody in your family been married recently? Who?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk to your classmates and write all about what happens
during weddings in their families.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of special food is cooked?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What special clothes do the bride and bridegroom wear?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kinds of songs and dances are performed at weddings?
What did you see at the wedding that you attended? Draw
some pictures in your notebook. Then look at the pictures drawn
by your classmates.
We saw changes taking place in the families of Nimmi, Tsering
and Nazli because of different reasons.
Write down the reasons for these changes
ÖÖÖÖÖ In Nimmi’s family –
ÖÖÖÖÖ In Tsering’s family –
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Changing Families
73
ÖÖÖÖÖ In Nazli’s family –
ÖÖÖÖÖ There can be many reasons for changes in families. Can you
think of some more reasons?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk to three old people – one from your family, one from your
friend’s family and one from a family in your neighbourhood.
Ask them these questions and fill in the table.
Question Your Friend’s Neighbour’s
family family family
G Since how many
years has your family
been staying here?
G Where did your
family live before
coming here?
G How many members
are there in your
family today?
G How many members
were there in your
family 10 years ago?
For the teacher: Changes are a part of life. However, children can be deeply
affected by changes. It is important to be sensitive about this while discussing
this topic.
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Looking Around
74
G What were the reasons
for the changes in
your family in the
last 10 years?
G How do you feel about
all these changes?
G What problems do you
face with changes
in technology.
My FamilyMy FamilyMy FamilyMy FamilyMy Family – Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow…– Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow…– Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow…– Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow…– Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow…
All families change in some way or the other because of different
reasons. Has your family changed too?
When your grandmother and grandfather were children like
you, was your family just like it is today?
Do you remember the picture of Sitamma’s family tree which
we saw in Class III?
ÖÖÖÖÖ You had also drawn a family tree of your own family. Let us
again draw the family tree of last year in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Ask your grandmother or grandfather how many members
were there in their family when they were your age? Then
draw a family tree in your notebook of their family when they
were young.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you see yourself, your brother or your sister, your mother
or your father, anywhere in this family tree?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Now draw a family tree of your present family in your
notebook.
Can you see yourself anywhere in this family tree? Who are the
members of your family today? Where are your grandparents?
2019-20

Changing Families
75
Letustalk
Can you tell in what ways the family tree of your grandmother
or grandfather in their childhood is different from your family
tree today?
Going Back to SchoolGoing Back to SchoolGoing Back to SchoolGoing Back to SchoolGoing Back to School
ÖÖÖÖÖ Upto which class do you want to study?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Upto which class have your parents studied?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Till which class did your grandmother get a chance to study ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ At what age did your grandmother get married?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you heard of a Law that talks about the ages before
which girls and boys must not get married?
There are many girls who get married before they are 18
years old. Many of them have to even leave school. There are
many true stories of girls like Susheela of Ranga Reddy district
who are going back to school. She also got the help of the
Panchayat. The Panchayat said that young children should
play and study and not be married off. A group of people of
Andhra Pradesh holds special camps to help married girls to
go back to school. Jangamma and Chitti say, “We would like to
study and stand on our own feet.”
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76
Find out and writeFind out and writeFind out and writeFind out and writeFind out and write
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there any such children in your neighbourhood who
had to drop out of school? Do they want to go back to school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are they doing these days?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has anybody in your family got married recently? Who?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What was the age of bride and the groom?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of dresses they wore?
Bride
Groom
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of dishes were there? Name them.
For the teacher: Teacher can discuss about children who cannot finish
school and also the Law on Child Marriage, which has strictly fixed the
minimum age for marriage for girls at 18 and for boys at 21 years.
2019-20

Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu,
Out, out (all the girls on one side shouted loudly).
Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu (hold from here)
Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu (hold from the leg, the leg, the leg – hold her
leg).
Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu (Vasudha, you come here, you hold her from
here).
Hey! Make sure that Shyamala’s hand does not touch the line.
Hold her hand.
Hu-tu-tu, Hu-tu-tu – Oh! She has touched. She has touched it.
Out, out, out. All out. Ho, ho, ho
Your team is all out!
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Looking Around
78
What are these girls doing? They are shouting ‘out’,‘out’,‘out’,
it is clear that they are playing a game.
What do you call this game? Chedduguddu, Hu-tu-tu,
Choo Kit Kit, Ha-du-du or Kabaddi or something else?
When six girls surrounded Shyamala and caught her,
everyone thought that she was ‘out’. Somebody caught her legs,
and somebody her arms, while one girl caught her by the waist.
But Shyamala was not the one to give up. She dragged herself
and managed to touch the line in the centre.
When Shyamala touched the line, all the girls of the opposite
team were holding her. So all of them got ‘out’. But Rosy argued
that Shyamala had taken a breath in between, so the team was
not ‘out’. Shyamala insisted that this was not true. She said
that if she had taken a breath, why did the girls keep holding
her? There was a big argument. Finally Shyamala won.
For the teacher: Using this game, bring children’s attention to this point
that we make rules in our lives the way we do in games, so that things
can be done in a proper manner. We have differences and fights among
ourselves and we do resolve them.
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Hu tu tu, hu tu tu
79
ÖÖÖÖÖ When you play Kabaddi, how many players do you have in a
team?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many players got out when Shyamala touched the line?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you have ways to resolve disputes in games?
The Game of KabaddiThe Game of KabaddiThe Game of KabaddiThe Game of KabaddiThe Game of Kabaddi
So, this is what a game of Kabaddi is like. Pushing and pulling,
screaming and shouting, dragging and falling on the ground. It
is a rough game, yet it has many rules.
It is lots of fun, and lots of exercise. Holding your breath
while running and continuously saying Kabaddi-Kabaddi and
also trying to touch the players of the opposite team. So many
things to do in Kabaddi. You can do this as long as you can
hold your breath.
You need to use both your body and mind in this game. You
have to use your strength to pull or stop the players. At the
same time, you have to think about how to enter the other side.
You have to decide whom to touch quickly and come back. If
you get caught, then how do you reach the line in the centre.
For the teacher: You can organise a discussion on the topic that in games
also, many a times the children experience discrimination on the basis of
gender, caste and class.
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80
Next time when you play Kabaddi, focus your attention on
your legs, arms and eyes. You will notice that good coordination
is required between eyes, legs and arms.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make a picture in your notebook to show how Shyamala
managed to get the entire opposing team ‘out’ in one go.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What does it mean to be out in games? When does one gets
‘out’ in Kabaddi?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In some games it is very important to touch the player. For
example in the game of Kho-Kho, you get ‘out’ when someone
touches you. You also get your turn by someone’s touch. Name
some games in which it is very important to touch the players?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In Kabaddi, the entire team was ‘out’, because Shyamala
had touched the line. What are some other games in which,
the central line is very important?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the games in which , besides the players, you have
to touch some things or colours?
G Try to hold your breath and keep saying Kabaddi- Kabaddi.
How many times could you say it?
G How many times can you say it, while you are playing
Kabaddi? Is there any difference?
For the teacher: The activity given above in the box should be done
only under the teacher’s or elder’s supervision.
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Hu tu tu, hu tu tu
81
Do you play Kabaddi? Is there a girls’
Kabaddi team in your school? Do you
think that your grandmother played
Kabaddi when they were your age? Ask
them.
Do girls in your area play
Kabaddi or any other
outdoor game? If there are
girls who do not play, then
what are the reasons for
them not playing? Discuss.
Karnam Malleshwari
Have you seen or read about her in the newspapers?
Karnam Malleshwari is a weight lifter. She lives in
Andhra Pradesh. Her father is a police constable.
Malleshwari started lifting weights when she was
12 years old. Now she can lift a weight of 130
kilograms.
Karnam has won 29 medals in international
events. Her four sisters also practise weight lifting.
A Story of Three SistersA Story of Three SistersA Story of Three SistersA Story of Three SistersA Story of Three Sisters
Look at this photograph. Don’t they look like simple
grandmothers? But they are different.
The picture is of the three sisters – Jwala, Leela and Heera.
They live in Mumbai. All three of them played Kabaddi, and
taught the game to others.
Jwala tells, “When we were
young, girls were not allowed
to play this game. People
thought that if girls played such
rough games, nobody would
marry them.” They also said
that the girls had to wear boys’
For the teacher: Help children find out the sportspersons who won
medals in Olympic games.
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82
clothes to play Kabaddi. That is why they stopped girls from
playing.
The sisters were young when their father died. Their mother
and mamas (maternal uncles) brought them up. Both uncles
used to play Kabaddi and Kho-Kho. They encouraged the three
girls to play Kabaddi.
Jwala and Leela talk about their experiences. “Almost fifty
years ago when we started to play Kabaddi, girls never got a
chance to play this game. Parents did not let them play the game.
But we always felt that we should play and my uncles and mother
supported us. We three learnt the game and some other girls
also joined us. We formed a Kabaddi Club, which is active even
today.”
Remembering Those Days!Remembering Those Days!Remembering Those Days!Remembering Those Days!Remembering Those Days!
Leela and Heera still get very excited when they talk about their
matches. They tell how they won some matches which they were
about to lose. This was possible because of their strong will.
During those matches, some very interesting things happened.
Once they had to go to a different town for a big match. Leela
tells, “The match had to start at 6.30 in the evening. We went to
see a movie from 3 to 6 o’clock. We thought we would be back in
time for the match. As soon as the movie started, we noticed
some noise and disturbance. It was created by our mama, who
was looking for us in the hall with a torch. When he found us, he
gave a big scolding right there in the cinema hall.”
For the teacher: Use these examples to draw children’s attention to
the reality that many times girls do not get equal opportunities in games.
Ask children what they call their ‘maternal uncle’.
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Hu tu tu, hu tu tu
83
The sisters had to face many difficulties because of Kabaddi
but that did not reduce their fun. Heera, the youngest sister,
became a Kabaddi coach. She wishes that children like you
should enjoy and play many games, especially Kabaddi.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you learnt any game from a coach? Which one?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know of anyone who has learnt any game from a coach?
Discuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ How does a coach teach? How does a coach make a player
practice? How hard do you think the players have to work?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever thought of making a club for your favourite
game?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Imagine that there are 15 children to play Kho-Kho. They
must form two teams with equal numbers (7 each). Then one
player will be left. What will you do if this happens? Have you
ever become the ‘extra person’ in the middle? Write about
this.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Every game has some rules. The game is played according to
those rules. Let us see what happens if the rules are changed.
For example – In cricket, a batsman gets ‘out’, if the bails fall
off the stumps. Imagine if there is a rule that the entire team
will be ‘out’, if all the three stumps fall. Would it be fun!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Try and play the game with this rule. Similarly, make some
rules for other games and play.
2019-20

In the hills of Uttaranchal there is a place where there
are flowers everywhere. This place is called the ‘Valley
of Flowers’. In some places, one sees red flowers blooming
on bushes, while in others one finds white flowers
peeping out between the stones. There are wide areas
carpeted with the brightest yellow flowers. And
suddenly, elsewhere, blue flowers shining like tiny stars
between the grass. All this seems like a beautiful dream,
doesn’t it? Yes, because like a dream these flowers bloom
only for a few weeks in the year.
Now close your eyes and imagine that you have
reached such a place. How does it feel? Which songs do
you feel like singing?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen so many flowers grow together
anywhere? where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many differently coloured flowers have you seen?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Write their colours.
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The Valley of Flowers
85
ÖÖÖÖÖ Now you were just left counting, weren’t you?
Are there any things in your house which have designs of
flowers made on them – like clothes, sheets, vases, etc.?
Here is a floral design in the box below.
For the teacher: Encourage children to locate Uttrakhand on the map.
The design in the picture
is called ‘Madhubani’. It is
a very old form of folk art.
Do you know why it is
called Madhubani? There
is a district in Bihar called
Madhubani. Here, during
festivals and happy
occasions, the walls of the
houses and their courtyards
are painted with such
pictures. These paintings
are made out of paste of
powdered rice in which
colour has been mixed. The colours used in Madhubani
painting are very special too. To make them, indigo (Neel),
turmeric (Haldi), colours from flowers and trees, etc., are
used. The paintings show human beings, animals, trees,
flowers, birds, etc.
Draw your own design in your notebook and colour it as well.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at the designs made by your friends as well.
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86
The World of FlowersThe World of FlowersThe World of FlowersThe World of FlowersThe World of Flowers
Here are some pictures of flowers. Mark a ( ) on the flowers
which you recognise. Write their names too if you know.
ÖÖÖÖÖ From the pictures given above, and other flowers that you
know, give names of two which
ÖÖÖÖÖ grow on trees
ÖÖÖÖÖ grow on bushes
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87
ÖÖÖÖÖ grow on creepers
ÖÖÖÖÖ grow on water plants
ÖÖÖÖÖ bloom only at night
ÖÖÖÖÖ bloom in the day
and close at night
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which flowers can you
recognise by their scent,
even with your eyes
closed?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which flowers bloom
all the year round?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which flowers bloom only
in certain months ?
Are there any trees or plants which never have any flowers?
Find out and write.
Why this?Why this?Why this?Why this?Why this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen a board like this
put up anywhere?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do people pluck flowers even when this
board is there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you think they do this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Should they do this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What would happen if everybody
plucked flowers?
DO NOT PLUCK
FLOWERS
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Letuslookclosely
Children who can bring flowers may bring one or two flowers to
class. Remember that you must collect only fallen flowers. Do
not pluck any flower. Make groups of three or four children and
look at one flower carefully –
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the colour of the flower?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of a scent does it have?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What does it look like – a bell, a bowl, a brush or anything
else?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do these flowers grow in bunches?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many petals does it have?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are all the petals joined together or separate?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Outside the petals, can you see any green leafy structure?
How many are there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Inside the petals, in the middle of the flower, can you see
some thin structures? Write its colour.
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89
ÖÖÖÖÖ When you touch these, do you find a powdery thing on your
hands?
Blooming buds!Blooming buds!Blooming buds!Blooming buds!Blooming buds!
You must have seen buds on the plants. If
there are any flower bearing plants growing
near your school or home, look carefully at
their buds.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What differences do you find between a
flower and a bud?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw the picture of a bud and its flower in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you tell how many days will a bud take to bloom into a
flower? Let us try and find out.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Choose a bud that is growing on a plant and look at it
everyday. Write the name of the plant.
ÖÖÖÖÖ When you first saw this bud, the date was _________. Now
when the bud has bloomed into a flower, the date is _______.
How many days did the bud take to become a flower?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Ask your friends the names of the different flowers that
they have seen. How much time did it take their buds to
become flowers?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Also observe how many days the same flower took to dry.
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So many uses!So many uses!So many uses!So many uses!So many uses!
Flowers are even eaten!Flowers are even eaten!Flowers are even eaten!Flowers are even eaten!Flowers are even eaten!
What are the different ways we use flowers in our daily life? Do
you know that flowers can be eaten as well? Many flowers are
cooked as vegetables.
In Uttar Pradesh, Firoza and Nilima enjoy eating a vegetable
made of kachnar flowers.
In Kerala, Yamini wants her mother to cook her a vegetable
made of banana flowers.
Mamta and Omar who are from Maharashtra love pakoras
made of sahjan flowers.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are flowers cooked in your home as a dry vegetable, a gravy
dish or as a chutney? Find out which flowers are used for
these.
Flowers in medicines!Flowers in medicines!Flowers in medicines!Flowers in medicines!Flowers in medicines!
Flowers are used to make many medicines as well.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out names of any two flowers which are used for making
medicines?
How is rose water used in your house? Is it used as medicine,
sweets, lassi or something else? Find out and tell others.
Colours from flowersColours from flowersColours from flowersColours from flowersColours from flowers
Colours are made from many flowers like marigolds, zenia, etc.
These colours can also be used to dye cloth.
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91
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out and write the names
of some more flowers that are
used for making colours.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you think of a colour of
which there is no flower?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Write the names of such flowers
which are used to make scents.
For the teacher: Encourage children to locate Uttar Pradesh, Kerala
and Maharashtra on the Map. Discuss with children that Itr is a pure
extract of flowers.
You may have heard of some of
Granny’s old recipes which use
flowers. Here is a recipe for which rose
water is used.
GRANNY’S RECIPE
Mix equal part of rose water and
glycerine. Fill this in a bottle. Add a
few drops of lemon juice. In winters
use this mixture on your skin. Your
skin will not crack or dry.
Have you experienced the smell on opening a small bottle
of Itr ? Do you know – even a small bottle of Itr is made
from lots and lots of flowers?
The Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh is famous for
Itr. Truckloads of flowers are brought from neighbouring
areas for this purpose.Itr, rose water, Kewra water are
prepared from flowers here. Thousands of people in
Kannauj are engaged in this work.
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Nandita in Mumbai
145
Writeinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why does Mama have to change his house?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever moved from your house? If yes, why did you
have to move?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do people in your family have to go far for their work? Where
do they go? How far do they have to go?
Discuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is it right that Mama and others have to move because a
hotel is going to be built there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who will benefit from this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who will face difficulties?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know of any people who have faced problems similar
to Nandita’s Mama? Talk about it in class.
Draw a picture of house of your choice and colour it.
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93
Of course, if there are so many uses of flowers, then we need
lots and lots of flowers. Flowers are grown in many places. Imagine
fields full of flowers extending for miles together! How beautiful!
Let us know some moreLet us know some moreLet us know some moreLet us know some moreLet us know some more
Have you ever seen anyone selling flowers anywhere? If there are
any flower-sellers nearby ask them these questions and write –
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the different flowers that they sell? Ask them the
names of three flowers.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where do they bring these flowers from?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do people buy flowers?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In what forms do flower-sellers sell their flowers? Look at
these picture. Tick against those forms that you have seen.
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Any other form that you have seen –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen flowers offered at many religious places?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do we do when they dry up?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How will you use them?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Some flowers are used in different forms – like rose and
marigold are used in garlands and as loose petals too.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out the prices of these different forms.
One flower
One garland
One bouquet
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has the flower-seller learnt to make bouquets or a
net of flowers from anybody? From whom?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would they like the other members of their family to
do this work? Why?
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For the teacher: Encourage children to observe flowers closely. The
children should be helped to group flowers based on easily observable
characteristics - like number of petals, colours, whether in bunches or
not, etc.
Let us do this activity
You could do this in groups of five or six each.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Collect flowers that have fallen from trees or plants and bring
them to the class.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Spread these flowers neatly between the sheets of an old
newspaper.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make sure that the flowers do not touch each other.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Now put a heavy object on the newspaper. Leave it pressed
for ten to fifteen days at one place.
ÖÖÖÖÖ After this, take out all the flowers very carefully and prepare
a scrap book. You can take a used notebook or old
newspapers for this.
ÖÖÖÖÖ You can also use these dried flowers to make pretty cards.
Draw a flower of your choice and write its name below :
2019-20

My name is Chetandas. Many years ago I used to teach children
like you. These days I spend my time by writing about the days
when I was young. I would love to share some of these with you.
A Big MoveA Big MoveA Big MoveA Big MoveA Big Move
I remember the time
when I was nine years
old. It must have been
over sixty years ago.
That was when we lived
in Dera Gazikhan.
Today this place is in
Pakistan. At that time,
there were a lot of
problems all around us.
I could not understand
what was happening.
One day Baba told us
For the teacher: Before starting this lesson, you can talk to the children about
how India got freedom from the British rule, and also about the partition. Show
them India and Pakistan on the map.
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Changing Times
97
that we had to leave our village
and move to another place. I
was sad to leave my house and
my village. That was where I
had all my friends. All of us –
Baba, Amma, my younger
brothers and sisters and I took
a train to come here, near
Delhi. Like us, many people
from our area also moved. People were saying that our country
was being divided into two – India and Pakistan. Many people
from India went to Pakistan just like we moved to India. For
some time we all stayed in a camp. We lived in big tents that were
put up in a huge ground.
A New HomeA New HomeA New HomeA New HomeA New Home
One day Baba told us that we had been given some land in
Sohna village. He said that we could build our house there. I
was very happy. Baba and Amma worked hard to make the
house. We children also helped. Baba dug the soil, and we
quickly filled the pans and passed them on to Amma. Gudiya
and Amma mixed husk in it. Baba put up the walls.
We brought cow dung
from nearby houses.
Amma mixed it with the
mud. She coated the floor
with this mixture, just like
she used to do in our old
house. Amma used to say
that this would keep the
insects away.
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98
Then, it was the turn for the roof to be made. Baba made a
frame by joining strips of wood and fixed it on the four walls.
We put branches of neem and keekar trees on the frame, so
that termites would not harm the wood. Amma put old gunny
bags on this and covered them with mud.
Most of the houses around our house were made like ours.
A few were different. But I liked my house the best. It was just
like our old house.
Find out and WriteFind out and WriteFind out and WriteFind out and WriteFind out and Write
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk to any one of your grandparents or any other elderly
person. Find out, when she or he was eight-nine years old –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where did she or he live? Name that place.
ÖÖÖÖÖ From what material was her or his house made?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did they have a toilet in their house? If no, where was it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In which part of the house was food cooked?
ÖÖÖÖÖ A lot of mud was used when Chetandas' house was made.
Why?
For the teacher: Sohna village is in Haryana. Ask the children to locate
Haryana on the map. Point out that when Chetandas’ parents built their
house, most of the material they used were locally available. Discuss
about locally available material and their uses.
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Changing Times
99
A Changing HouseA Changing HouseA Changing HouseA Changing HouseA Changing House
Time passed quickly. I finished my studies and got a job. Amma-
Baba wanted me to get married. I thought that before I got
married we should repair our house and build one more room.
In those days, people in cities were using cement. They said
that this made the houses stronger. We also thought we would
use cement. We used iron and cement for making the roof of
the new room.
In those days
unbaked bricks were
also available in the
market. We made the
walls with them. The
use of bricks was
useful – we did not
need to coat the wall
every week. Once a
year we would whitewash the walls. We also built a small
kitchen in the courtyard. The kitchen had a mud chulha and
place to keep the vessels.
Then I got married, and my wife Suman came to our new
house. To cook, Suman used to sit on the floor in the kitchen.
We all used to sit on mats in the kitchen and eat together. It
was a happy time!
People used to go out to the field for their toilet in those
days. Some of the houses had a separate place for this. We also
made a small toilet with unbaked bricks behind the house.
For the teacher: Encourage children to ask their elders about toilets at
their times.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Chetandas tells that people from the basti used to come to
clean the toilets and take away the waste. They were not
allowed to enter the house.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The people who used the toilets did not clean them.
Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there a toilet in your house? Who cleans it?
More ChangesMore ChangesMore ChangesMore ChangesMore Changes
My two sons and a daughter were born in that house. Time
passed. The children completed their studies. Fifteen years
ago, our daughter Simi got married and moved to Palwal. When
Raju was to get married, we felt that we should get the house
ready for the new bride.
By then, everyone
was using baked
bricks. We also used
them for the walls
and put a lintel for the
roof. We used marble
chips and cement for
a strong and fancy
floor. In the toilet we
put pipes to take away
the waste. The kitchen was made bigger. Now, Raju's wife does
not use the clay chulha. She stands while cooking on the gas
stove.
For the teacher: Ask the children what they think about the cleaning of
toilets by others. Do they know of places where this is still done?
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Changing Times
101
SeeSeeSeeSeeSeeing Ning Ning Ning Ning New Thingsew Thingsew Thingsew Thingsew Things
My younger son Montu
moved to Delhi when he got
a job there. Now he stays there
with his family. Suman and I
stay with Montu for some
months in a year, and with Raju in Sohna for the rest of the
time. On the way to Delhi from Sohna, we go through Gurugram.
So many big high-rise buildings have come up there!
A few years ago Raju renovated the toilet and the bathroom. He
used coloured tiles in his bathroom. Imagine, spending so much
money for a place to have a bath!
I am now seventy years old. In all these years, I have seen so
many changes, even in my own house. I don't know where my
grandchildren will want to live and how their house will be! I
wonder what the houses are like in Dera Gazikhan today. And
how about all my friends – where will they be?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What material have been used in making your house?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out the material from which your friend's house is made?
Is there any difference? Write about it.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of house do you think Chetandas' grandchildren
will live in?
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102
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where would you like to live when you grow up? What kind
of house would you like?
ÖÖÖÖÖ You had written about the things that your grandparent’s
house was made of. Has some of those material been used in
your house? Name them.
ÖÖÖÖÖ People are given names according to the work they do. For
example, a person who works with wood is called a carpenter.
ÖÖÖÖÖ In your place, what do you call a person who works with
wood?
Now, look at the picture and fill in the table.
What kind of work is being done by different people here?
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Changing Times
103
What tools are they shown using in the picture? Write them
in the given table.
Work Tool What is the
person called
1. _____________ ______________ ______________
2. _____________ ______________ ______________
3. _____________ ______________ ______________
4. _____________ ______________ ______________
Do you know people who do these type of work? Talk to
them and find out about their work. Discuss it with your friends.
ÖÖÖÖÖ With your teacher or someone from home, go to a place where
a building is being constructed. Talk to the people working
there and find out answers to these questions.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is being built there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many people are working there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of work are they doing?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many men and women are there?
For the teacher: If there is a construction site near by, you should take
the children to visit it. Let them interact with the people working there.
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For the teacher: Invite some of the people from the construction site
to your school to talk to the students about their work and tools.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are any children working there? What are they doing?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How much money do these people get paid daily? Ask
from any three different people.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where do these people live?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the material being used for making the building ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Try and guess how many trucks of bricks and bags of
cement will be used for making the building.
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do the material reach the building site? (By truck,
handcart, any other vehicle) List them.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out the price of
One bag of cement
One brick
One truck of sand
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Changing Times
105
ÖÖÖÖÖ Ask a few other questions and write their answers.
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ Over the sixty years, different materials were used at different
times in Chetandas’ house. List these in the correct order.
Let us make houses
ÖÖÖÖÖ Divide the children in the class into 3-4 groups. Let each
group make a model of a different house. For this you can
use mud, wood, paper, pieces of cloth, shoe-boxes, match
boxes and colours.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Place all the houses so as to construct a neighbourhood
colony.
1. 2.
3. 4.
2019-20

Look carefully at the picture of the river. Read the words given below.
Boat, flowing water, blue, fish, water-plants, river, foul smell, big ship,
oil, river banks, factories, washing clothes, animals, other work,
change, city.
Use these words to make a story. Give a title to your story also.
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107
Look at the pictures and answer the following questions:
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the colour of the river where it begins?
ÖÖÖÖÖ At some places, there are many
fish in the river, at others there
are only a few and at some places
there are dead fish. What could
be the reason for this? Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What can be seen in the river
before it reaches the village?
ÖÖÖÖÖ At which places did the colour of
the water in the river change? Why
did this happen? Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which of the places shown in the
picture would you like to live in?
Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would you like to change any of the things that you see in
the picture? Why and how?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen people throwing different things into rivers or
water bodies?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What could be done to keep rivers clean? Discuss.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ If you wanted to drink some water, from which part of the
river would you like to drink? Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In the last part of the picture the river flows into the sea. Have
you ever seen the sea? Where? In a movie, or somewhere else?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever been near a river or sea? When?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Show with your hands, how the waves in the sea move.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is the water from the sea drinkable? Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think that there would be changes taking place in a
river, pond or stream at different times of the year? What
kind of changes would these be? Discuss.
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109
ÖÖÖÖÖ Will there be the same amount of water in the ponds or
rivers during the rainy season and in summer?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there a pond, river or lake near your town or city ?
Find out–
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there any changes in the water during summers, the
rainy season and in winters?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the different kinds of water animals found there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of trees and plants grow around it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the kinds of birds that come there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen or read about floods? Where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What happens when there is a flood?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen dirty water in a river or pond? Where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How would you know if the water is dirty? If the water
looks clean, can you be sure that it is alright to drink that
water? Discuss.
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110
How doesHow doesHow doesHow doesHow does Water becomWater becomWater becomWater becomWater become Dirty?e Dirty?e Dirty?e Dirty?e Dirty?
You saw in the pictures that as the river flowed through or near
many villages, towns and cities the water changed. The people
used the river water for many different things such as washing
clothes, bathing animals and cleaning utensils. Many of these
activities made the water dirty. The water in the river kept
changing as it flowed through various places. Water in ponds
and lakes can also become dirty due to similar reasons.
From where do you get your drinking water? A river or a
lake? Do you think that like the river in the picture your river
or lake can also be affected?
Trythis
ÖÖÖÖÖ For this activity you will need to bring certain things from
your home. You will find most of these in the kitchen.
ÖÖÖÖÖ 5 or 6 glasses or bottles.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Salt, sugar, cooking soda, haldi, flour and dal (about half a
teaspoon each).
ÖÖÖÖÖ Lemon Juice, soap water, sherbet, oil (one spoonful each).
Whatwillyoudo?
Fill about half of each bottle or glass with water. Make sure
that all have the same amount of water. Now, one by one, put
each of the things in the water. For example – haldi in the first
glass, oil in the second glass, soda in the third glass until you
have one thing in each glass. Mix each thing in the water and
see what happens. Write your observations in the table.
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A River’s Tale
111
What did you observe? Put ( ) mark in the right places.
Things Dissolved Did not Colour of water Colour of water
(mixed) dissolve changes does not change
in water in water
Sugar
Salt
Lemon juice
Haldi
Soap water
Flour
Dal
Sherbet
Cooking soda
Oil (Mustard,
Til or any other)
Now on the basis of your observations tell –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do all things dissolve in water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does the colour of the water always change?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did oil dissolve in water? How can you say whether it has
dissolved or not?
Colour of the water may not change even after some things
are dissolved in it. Would you say that these are absent in water?
Imagine how it would be if things like sugar, salt, lemon
juice, sherbet, etc., could not dissolve in water !
Imagine how it would be if things like stones, chalk, plastic
and garbage would dissolve in water !
There are many things that dissolve easily in water. Some of
these can be very harmful for our body. Hence, it is important
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112
that we clean water before drinking it. One of the best ways to
do this is to boil the water. If for some reason this cannot be
done, can you think of some other ways to clean water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How is drinking water cleaned in your house?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out the many different ways of cleaning water at home.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw pictures showing any two ways of cleaning the water.
2019-20

I am Basva. My father is a farmer. We live in Belvanika
village in Karnataka. It is the month of July. Like every
year, Appa, my father, is preparing the field to sow the
onion crop. There are so many things to be done at this
time. To help him I too go to the field with Appa. In the
last few days, Appa has been using the Khunti (an iron
rod) to dig the soil, loosen it and make it soft.
Findout
ÖÖÖÖÖ In Basva’s area an implement called Khunti is used to
loosen the soil. What is this kind of implement called
in your area? Draw it and discuss.
For the teacher: This lesson talks about the process of cultivating an
onion crop. You can use this as an example to encourage children to find
out and describe the process for growing some crops that are common in
their area.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out from a farmer or some elders in your family, what
kinds of crops are grown in your area.
Sowing the SeedsSowing the SeedsSowing the SeedsSowing the SeedsSowing the Seeds
This year also my father will sow onion seeds in the field. The
bullocks will pull the Kurige and Appa will walk behind them,
sprinkling the seeds. I would also like to do this, just like my
Appa. But Appa says that it is necessary to drop the right amount
of seeds at a regular distance. This is not so easy to do. He says
that I may drop too many seeds at one place. I must wait till I
am a little older to be able to do this properly.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What other ways could be
used to plough the fields
instead of animals. Discuss.
The Sprouts AppearThe Sprouts AppearThe Sprouts AppearThe Sprouts AppearThe Sprouts Appear
It is now twenty days since
the seeds were sown. The
onion plants have started to
sprout. Along with onion
plants, weeds have also come
up. Weeds grow in fields and
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Basva’s Farm
115
gardens, without being planted. Appa says that we must remove
the weeds so that they do not take up all the water and fertilisers.
If there are too many weeds, then the onion plants will not be
healthy. Amma, Uncle and I, we all help Appa to take out the
weeds.
Growing PlantsGrowing PlantsGrowing PlantsGrowing PlantsGrowing Plants
I am happy to see the plants
growing. They are tall enough
to reach my knees. The leaves
have started turning yellow and
drying up. This means that the
onions are ready to be taken out.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw any crop which you
have seen in the field.
Doyouknowwhy?
Everyone at home will have to work to take the onions out. It is
important that this should be done at the right time. If we are
late, the onions will rot in the ground itself and all our hard
work will be wasted.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Basva helps his
father in the field. Do
you help the elders in
your family in their
work? What do you
help with?
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you enjoy doing that work?
The Onion CropThe Onion CropThe Onion CropThe Onion CropThe Onion Crop
Everyone at home is happy. This time the onions are big and
healthy. Amma and aunty use the illige to cut the dried leaves
from the top of the onions. The illige is sharp and you have to be
careful not to cut your fingers. Appa and Uncle fill the sacks
with onions. Appa will take them in a truck to sell in the big
market.
Writeanswersinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why is Basva not able to attend school for some days?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there any fields near your house? What is grown there?
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117
ÖÖÖÖÖ Basva’s Appa takes the onions to the market in a truck.
Think, how would fruits and vegetables be taken to another
place, if there were no proper roads.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of vehicles are used to carry fruits and vegetables?
Draw a picture of one of these vehicles in your notebook.
Findoutandwrite
ÖÖÖÖÖ Given here are pictures of some implements used by Basva’s
family. Write the names of the implements. Also write what
these are called in your area? What work are they used for?
Name (in this chapter)
Name in your area
Work
Name in your area
Work
Name in your area
Work
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Many steps are needed to grow crops. Look at the pictures
and mark them in the correct order.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out about a crop that is grown in your area. Also
find out the steps that are part of this work. Draw them in
your notebook.
2019-20

Day at night!Day at night!Day at night!Day at night!Day at night!
My name is Vaishali. My father is a
vegetable-seller. My whole family –
Amma, Bhaiya, Chhotu and I, help
him with his work. Can you guess at
what time we begin our work? At
3 o’clock in the morning. When most
people are fast asleep, we start our
work. Our day’s work begins when
Babuji, Amma, Bhaiya and I take out
the previous day’s vegetables from
the gunny bags and baskets. This is
to prepare for bringing the fresh
vegetables from the mandi.
Sometimes Chhotu also helps us.
As we finish doing this and are
having some tea, we hear the horn of
the tempo. It is time for Babuji, Bhaiya,
Chachu (uncle) and some others from
our street to leave for the mandi.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ What else did they need to learn to be able to do this work?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have they taught this work to anybody in their family, or to
anyone else?
ÖÖÖÖÖ The table below has a list of different kinds of work that
people do. Do you know people who do such work? Write
their names in the first column. In the next column write
from whom have they learnt their work?
Kind of work Name of people you Where did they learn
know who do this work this work from?
Cloth weaving Prasad and Vani’s parents From their elders
Cooking
Cycle repair
Flying aeroplanes
Sewing and embroidery
Singing
Making shoes
Flying kites
Farming
Cutting hair
For the teacher: There are many places like Pochampalli in India that are
famous for making special things. These things have become famous by the
name of the place where they are made, like – Kullu shawls, Madhubani
paintings, Assam silk, Kashmiri embroidery, etc. Do you know any more
examples? Discuss this in the class.
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121
By 7 o’clock,
Babuji arranges all
the vegetables on the
handcart and leaves
for the bazaar. He
says that if he is late,
then his regular
buyers may buy
their vegetables from
someone else. As
soon as Babuji
leaves, I quickly get
ready as I have to
reach school by 7.30 a.m.
In the BazaarIn the BazaarIn the BazaarIn the BazaarIn the Bazaar
Chhotu attends school in the
afternoon. He rests for a while
and goes to the bazaar later
with food for Babuji and
Bhaiya. He stays with them at
the vegetable cart, until it is
time for him to go to school.
Sometimes he goes back after
school to help Babuji. Babuji
tries to see that the
previous day’s vegetables are
sold first.
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Morning Morning Night
Vaishali Vaishali Vaishali
You You You
ÖÖÖÖÖ From where do you get vegetables for your home? Who brings
the vegetables?
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ Babuji sells the previous day’s vegetables first. Why do you
think he does this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen dried or spoilt vegetables? Where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How did you know that the vegetables were spoilt?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Chhotu is helping his family. What do you think Chhotu
has learnt from it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do you help the elders in your family?
As the previous day’s vegetables get sold, Bhaiya takes out
fresh vegetables from the sacks and puts them in the cart. He
also keeps sprinkling water on the vegetables so that they do
not dry up, especially in summers. Babuji and Bhaiya return
home, after a long day, only around 10 o’clock at night. By then
Chhotu and I are asleep. Everyone else sleeps around 11 or
11.30 at night. And at 3 o’clock next morning – only four hours
later – our family is up again. Another day has begun!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at the clocks given below. Write what you do, and what
Vaishali does, at the time which the clocks are showing.
For the teacher: Care may be taken to sensitise children to help the
family and people around without encouraging child labour.
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123
Some fun with vegetablesSome fun with vegetablesSome fun with vegetablesSome fun with vegetablesSome fun with vegetables
The next time when you get okra (Bhindi) at home, look at them
carefully. Are all of them the same size?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find the longest and the shortest one. Measure them.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do all the okra (Bhindi) have the same thickness and colour ?
Cut two okra (Bhindi) lengthwise. Do both of them have the
same number of seeds? Draw them in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Seema’s mother has brought some fruits and vegetables from
the market. Can you find them in this picture? Colour them
and write their names alongside.
123
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Findout
ÖÖÖÖÖ Given here is a list of vegetables and fruits. Which of these
will spoil earlier, and which will stay for some days? Write
the names in the correct column. You can add more names
in the list.
Spinach Potato Banana Tomato Pear
Chikoo Pineapple Gourd Onion Cabbage
Cucumber Grapes Ginger.
Fruits and vegetablesFruits and vegetablesFruits and vegetablesFruits and vegetablesFruits and vegetables Fruits and vegetables thatFruits and vegetables thatFruits and vegetables thatFruits and vegetables thatFruits and vegetables that
that spoil quicklythat spoil quicklythat spoil quicklythat spoil quicklythat spoil quickly can stay for some dayscan stay for some dayscan stay for some dayscan stay for some dayscan stay for some days
Some of these fruits and vegetables are smooth to touch
while some are rough. From the list above, put the names in
the correct column.
SmoothSmoothSmoothSmoothSmooth RoughRoughRoughRoughRough
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197
ÖÖÖÖÖ To which country does this currency belong? How did you
know ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Whose picture can you see on the notes?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you find any number on the notes (other than the
value)?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think that two notes can have the same number?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Take a ten rupee note and observe it carefully. How many
languages can you see on the note?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Write the name of the bank given on the note.
Matchthecoins
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many of these coins do you recognise?
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Who all stay with the vegetable cart or sit in the shop?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What vegetables do they sell?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What time do they start work?
ÖÖÖÖÖ For how many hours in a day do they work?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Ask them about any three vegetables that they sell.
Vegetable 1 Vegetable 2 Vegetable 3
Name of the
vegetable
The price of
the vegetable
Where does
it come from?
How much of
the vegetable
do they buy at
one time?
In which months
does this vegetable
usually come?
2019-20

Balmandir
Bhavnagar, 13 April, 1936
Dear Children,
It is 3 o’clock in the afternoon. There are no
clouds in the sky. The sun is burning hot.
The sparrows, doves and sunbirds have
started working in pairs as they prepare to
make their nests. Some of the birds have
already made their nests. In some of the
nests, the eggs have hatched. The parent
birds are busy feeding the chicks with different kinds of insects
and other things.
In our courtyard also, there is a baby dove. There is another
egg in the nest but it has not hatched yet.
Dove
For the teacher: Gijubhai Badheka lived in Gujarat. He wrote many stories for
children. In this letter you will read about some of the birds that you see all
around. After reading this letter children should be encouraged to observe birds
around them. Discuss about them in your class.
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On the way to Gopalbhai’s house, there
are many stones along the roadside. In
the space between these stones, an
Indian Robin has laid its eggs. Bachubhai
showed it to me. I looked through the
binoculars. I saw that the nest was made
of grass. On top thereweresofttwigs,roots,
wool, hair and cottonwool. This is how the
robin makes its nest. What a soft and
cozy home for its chicks! The robin is
not like the crow. A crow’s nest is made
of all kinds of things – even pieces of
wire and wood.
I saw a baby bird in the robin’s nest.
It was sitting with its beak wide open.
The mouth was red from inside. In a little while the robin flew
to the nest and put something in the chick’s open beak – may
be a few small insects. By then it was evening. The robin settled
down with its chick.
You know that the Koel sings sweetly. Do you know
that this bird does not make its own nest? It lays its
eggs in a crow’s nest. The crow hatches them along
with its own eggs.
There is a small tree nearby. It has a nest
hanging from its branch. Birds are so
wonderfully different. The crow builds its nest
high up on a tree. The dove makes its nest
among the thorns of a cactus plant or a
mehendi hedge. The sparrow can be found in
and around our own house. It makes its nest
Koel
Barbet
Indian Robin
Crow
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129
anywhere – on top of a cupboard, behind
a mirror, on a ledge. Pigeons also make
their nest like this. Often they make
nests in old or deserted buildings. The
barbet or coppersmith bird can be heard
in the summer with its ‘tuk, tuk, tuk’
call. It makes its nest
in a hole, in a tree
trunk. And the tailor
bird uses its sharp
beak to stitch together two leaves on a bush.
It lays its eggs in the fold of the leaf that it
has made. This is its nest.
The sunbird makes
a nest that hangs from
the branch of a small tree or a bush. The
same evening, we saw a sunbird’s nest. Can
you guess what its nest is made of ? The
nest has hair, grass, thin twigs, dry leaves,
cottonwool, bits of tree bark, pieces of cloth
rags and even spider’s cobwebs.
When I looked through the binoculars,
I could see a chick in the nest. It was sitting
near the small opening in the nest. It was
waiting for its mother to bring some food.
What else can it do – just eat and sleep!
Do you know about the weaver bird? The male weaver bird make
beautifully woven nests. The female looks at all the nests and chooses
the one that she likes the best and decides in which to lay her eggs.
Tailor bird
Sunbird
Weaverbird
Nest
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All the birds are so busy these days. Making a nest and laying
the eggs is only the first step. It is a difficult task to raise the young
ones in the nest which had been made with so much effort.
Birds have many enemies – humans and other animals too.
Crows and squirrels, cats and rats – all of them wait for a chance
to steal the eggs. Many times they even break the nest.
To keep oneself safe from danger, to find food, make a nest,
hatch the eggs and raise the chicks safely – all these are tests for
every bird.
And see – how the birds still sing with joy and spread their
wings and fly freely.
So that is all for now, Salaam
Blessings from your
Gijubhai
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many years ago did Gijubhai write this letter?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out how old your grandfather and grandmother were at
that time.
ÖÖÖÖÖ This letter talks about many different birds. How many of
these birds have you seen?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many other birds have you seen? Which ones?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen a bird’s nest? Where did you see it?
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206
climbed mountains and was a
‘Girl Guide’. After I became a
doctor, I appeared for an interview
to join the Armed Forces. I got
selected there and received a
training for six months.
– Why did you join the
Indian Navy? Do you not have to
live on the naval ship?
– Well, I am very fond of travelling. I like to see different
places. I wanted to go to far-off places. I was born in the hills
and now I am working in sea. I really enjoy it.
Very few lady-officers have worked on a ship. I am one of
them. Earlier, women were not allowed to go on Naval ships.
When an opportunity was given, I myself went forward and
gave my name. I even want to go in a submarine. I want to do
everything which people think women cannot do. At present
women are not allowed to go in submarines, but whenever it
is allowed, I will certainly go.
– So what happened to your degree of M.B.B.S?
– I am a doctor, but in Indian Navy a naval doctor does
not just give medicine to patients. She is in fact, a medical
officer. The ship goes to sea for three-four months at a time.
There, it is my responsibility to make sure that everybody on
the ship stays fit and healthy. I carry out medical check-ups of
all the officers and sailors. I also have to make sure that no
For the teacher: Let this discussion inspire the children to dream about
doing big things, and to work hard towards fulfilling their dreams.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think there are any eggs in the nest?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you hear any sound like ‘chee chee’ from the nest?
ÖÖÖÖÖ If there are chicks in the nest, what do the parent birds
bring for them to eat?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many times in one hour do the birds come to the nest?
ÖÖÖÖÖ After how many days did the chicks leave the nest?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make a picture of the nest in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ You have seen how birds use many different things to make
their nests. Use some of these things and make a nest. Make
a small paper bird to put in your nest.
Birds use the nest only to lay their eggs. After the eggs have
hatched and the chicks have grown, they leave the nest. Imagine,
how it would be if we also had to leave our homes as soon as we
learnt how to walk and talk!
After they leave their nest, different kind of birds live at different
places – some on trees, some near or on water, and some on
land.
Other animals also have different places where they live – on
land, under the ground, in water, on trees.
Let us have some fun
ÖÖÖÖÖ Make three groups in the class. Each child must draw a
picture of an animal and colour it. They should then cut
each picture out.
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133
ÖÖÖÖÖ Children in one group will take the cut-outs of the pictures of
animals that live on land. They should then draw soil, grass and
some trees on a chart paper. Stick the pictures of the land animals
at the correct places on the chart.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The second group will take the cut-outs of the pictures of
animals that live in water. They should then colour a chart
paper blue to show water. Then also draw water-plants,
stones etc. They should then stick the pictures of the animals
that live in water on the chart.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The third group will take the cut-outs of the pictures of
animals that live on trees. One child in the group will draw
a big tree on a chart paper and colour it. Then all the children
in the group must stick their cut-outs of the pictures on the
chart paper of their group.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Put up all the three charts in your class and discuss about them.
Bird Feet – Different Kind for Different NeedsBird Feet – Different Kind for Different NeedsBird Feet – Different Kind for Different NeedsBird Feet – Different Kind for Different NeedsBird Feet – Different Kind for Different Needs
To swim in water To hold the
tree branches
To climb the tree To walk on the land
To catch
the prey
(what it hunts)
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Bird Beaks – According to the FoodBird Beaks – According to the FoodBird Beaks – According to the FoodBird Beaks – According to the FoodBird Beaks – According to the Food
To tear and eat
meat
To make holes in
wood and tree
trunks
To find insects and
worms from mud
and shallow water
To suck nectar
from flowers
To break and crush
seeds
To cut and eat
many kinds of
food
Animal TeethAnimal TeethAnimal TeethAnimal TeethAnimal Teeth
You have seen that animals have different types of teeth.
Cows have short front teeth for
snipping grass. The teeth on the
sides are large and flat for
chewing the grass.
Cats have sharp teeth for
tearing and cutting meat.
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Snakes have sharp curved teeth, but they
do not chew their prey. Snakes always
swallow their food whole.
Squirrel’s front teeth keep growing
throughout their life. They have to
keep gnawing on things to keep
their teeth from becoming too long.
Find out about Your Own Teeth and Write.Find out about Your Own Teeth and Write.Find out about Your Own Teeth and Write.Find out about Your Own Teeth and Write.Find out about Your Own Teeth and Write.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Your age:
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many teeth do you have?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have any of your teeth fallen or broken? How many?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many new teeth do you have?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many of your milk teeth have fallen, but no new teeth
have come in their place?
Findoutmoreaboutteeth
Look at your friend’s teeth. Are there different kinds of teeth?
Draw one front tooth and one back tooth in your notebook.
Can you see any difference between these teeth?
Courtesy : Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad, for all the
pictures used in this chapter.
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Imagine and Share
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you did not have front teeth (both top and bottom) how
would you eat a guava? Act and show how.
ÖÖÖÖÖ You have your front teeth, but no teeth at the back.
Someone gives you a roti. Show how would you eat it.
ÖÖÖÖÖ You do not have any teeth in your mouth. What kind of
things would you be able to eat?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a picture in your notebook – How would you look if you
had no teeth?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out from old people who do not have teeth – what are
the kind of things that they can not eat?
Draw a picture of a bird commonly seen in your area. Label
its body parts also.
2019-20

I came to Mumbai a month ago. Since we came, mother has
been admitted in the hospital. We had to come to Mumbai for
her treatment.
The Big City – MumbaThe Big City – MumbaThe Big City – MumbaThe Big City – MumbaThe Big City – Mumbaiiiii!!!!!
I have slowly got used to the city. I still remember the day when
mother and I got off the train at the Mumbai station. It was so
crowded! I quickly caught hold of mother’s hand. I was thinking
about how Mama would find
us in the crowd. Just then, I
heard someone calling loudly
from behind, “Nandita,
Nandita.” I turned back, and
there was Mama.
We left the station and
were soon on our way to
Mama’s house. But, again, it
For the teacher: Mother’s brother is called Mama in Hindi. Ask children
what do they call mother’s brother in their family?
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was so crowded everywhere. There were many huts lined all
along the narrow street. We went through the street to reach
Mama’s house. Mama, Mami, their two daughters and a
son – all live in one room. Now, I too live here with them. It is
here that we sit, sleep, cook and wash – all in one room.
My house in the village also has only one room, but we have
separate places for cooking and for bathing. We also have a
courtyard outside.
Water, WaterWater, WaterWater, WaterWater, WaterWater, Water
Mami, Seema and I get up at 4 o’clock every morning and go to
the public-tap to fill water. Oh no! You won’t believe how many
fights there are for water. If we are just a little late, then we are
not able to fill water for the day. There is no tap in our house in
the village too. The pond in the village has water. It takes twenty
minutes to walk to it. In summer, sometimes, the water in the
For the teacher: Mother’s brother’s wife is called mami in Hindi. Ask
children what do they call her in their family?
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Nandita in Mumbai
139
pond dries up. Then
we have to walk for
almost one hour to the
river to get water. But
in the village, there
were no fights for
water.
In the street where
Mama lives, there is a
toilet at one end.
Everyone in the street
uses that toilet. It is always very dirty and smells so bad. At
first, it used to make me want to vomit. At times, there is no
water. We have to take water with us. Now I am getting used to
all this. In the village, people go to the open places or fields for
toilet. The men and women go to different places.
Write
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why did Nandita have to bring her mother from the village to
Mumbai?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Nandita used to feel like vomiting when at first she had to
use the toilet where Mama lived. Why?
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ÖÖÖÖÖ In what ways did Nandita find her Mama’s house to be
different from her house in the village?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What differences did Nandita find between getting water from
the public tap and in the village?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Was there electricity at the place where Nandita’s Mama lived?
Guess.
Learning New ThingsLearning New ThingsLearning New ThingsLearning New ThingsLearning New Things
Everyday I go to the hospital by bus to
see my mother. At first, I was too
scared to get into such crowded
buses. I was not at all used to it. I
was afraid. But now, it is not like that.
I know how to stand in line, how
much to pay for the ticket, where to
get down.
Where we stay, there is a tall
building nearby. My Mami works in
seven houses there. She washes
utensils and cleans the houses.
One day I went there with her. When
140
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Nandita in Mumbai
141
I first saw the building, I thought that it was one big house. But
I found that there were many houses, one on top of another. I
was wondering how I would climb so many stairs, but there
was a lift to take people up and down. It was like a big iron cage
with fan and light and even a bell. So many of us got into the
lift. Somebody pressed the button and lift went up quickly. To
tell you the truth, I was very scared in the beginning.
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know anyone who was admitted to a hospital?
ÖÖÖÖÖ For how many days was he or she in the hospital?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did you visit the person in the hospital?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who was looking after the patient at the hospital?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen a tall building? Where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many floors did the building have?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many floors did you climb?
Another HouseAnother HouseAnother HouseAnother HouseAnother House
Mami took me first to Babloo’s
house. His house was on the
twelfth floor. What a big house!
So many rooms – one to sit in,
one to eat in, one to sleep in,
and one to cook in. Their toilet
was also in the house! It took
Mami a lot of time to clean
Babloo’s house, but she could
work easily. There was a tap
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142
in the kitchen and water flowed from it. Babloo put a bucket
under the tap to fill water for his bath. Then he sat down to
watch TV. So much water was wasted – I did not like it. I went
and closed the tap.
Babloo’s house had big glass windows. Mami told me to look
down from the window. I could see Mama’s street and the houses,
but I could not make out which was his house. From up there,
everything below looked like small toys. I was quite afraid to
look down from such a height.
For the teacher: The lesson describes some differences between where
Nandita’s Mama lives and the houses in the high-rise buildings. Encourage
children to think more about such differences and the possible reasons
for these.
ÖÖÖÖÖ When Nandita first came to Mumbai, what were the things
that she was afraid to do?
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Nandita in Mumbai
143
ÖÖÖÖÖ What were the differences between the houses where Mama
lived and the houses in the high-rise buildings?
Houses in area where Mama lived Houses in a high-rise building
ÖÖÖÖÖ Discuss why there were differences.
Tellaboutyourself
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw a circle around the kind of house you live in. Is it like
the house of –
Nandita Mama Babloo Any other kind
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where does the water come from in your house?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there an electricity connection in your house? How many
hours in a day do you get electricity?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which is the nearest hospital in the area where you live?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How far are these from your house?
Minutes to In Kilometres
walk to
Bus stop
School
Market
Post Office
Hospital
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw pictures in your notebook of the different kind of
houses in your area.
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A New WorryA New WorryA New WorryA New WorryA New Worry
Mama had said
that he would take
me around to see
M u m b a i . T h e
children around
here talk a lot
about Chowpatti.
They say that big
film stars also
come there. May
be when I go there,
I might see a film star!
These days, Mama is so worried – I cannot ask him to take
me to Chowpatti. Last week some people had come with a notice
that everyone should move out of this place. They say a big
hotel will be built there. Mama was saying that this is the
third time in the last ten years that he got such notices. People
who live here have been given another place to make their
houses. But it is very far away – another corner of the city.
There is no drinking water, no electricity. I don’t even know if
any bus goes there. How will Mama reach his work place from
so far? How much money will he have to spend, and how
much time also. And Mami, will she get some other work there!
If Mama moves to a new place, how will I be able to visit my
mother? Mother is not even completely well as yet!
For the teacher: Like Nandita's Mama, people sometimes have to vacate
their houses and move to another place. Discuss in the class some reasons
for this. Also discuss how such changes can affect the whole family.
2019-20

What to Drink?What to Drink?What to Drink?What to Drink?What to Drink?
Nallamada, Andhra Pradesh
Suguna was reading her
book, when she heard
someone at the door. She
saw that there was a visitor
from the city. Appa
welcomed the guest. He
told Selva to bring a cold
drink for him. The guest
said, “I do not take cold drinks. I will just have a glass of water.”
Appa said, “ These
days we are not getting
water that is fit for
drinking. It does not
even look clean. It
would be better if you
do not drink this water.
We do not have a
choice, so we drink it.”
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147
Discuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ How can unclean or dirty water harm our body?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever got dirty or unclean water in your area? What
was the reason for this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know anyone who has fallen sick because of such
water? Talk about this.
ÖÖÖÖÖ When the guest came to Suguna’s house, they offered him a
cold drink, because they thought he should not drink such
water. What do you think Suguna’s family must be doing for
their own drinking water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ The guest said he did not take cold drinks. Why do you
think he said this?
Water GamesWater GamesWater GamesWater GamesWater Games
Bazaar Gaon, Maharashtra
There was a big
water park near
Bazaar Gaon. One
day Rohan and
Reena went with
their parents to the
water park. There
were many water-
fountains. Reena
said, “Look Rohan,
there are so many rides in the water.” “And look at all these big
ponds,” Rohan said. Splash! Splash! Splash! Both turned around.
They saw a long thick water hose going zoom, zoom, zoom.
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Children were sliding down a
big tall slide and landing in water
with a loud splash. Rohan got
into a swing high above –
whoosh!, Within a second, he
had landed in the water. Reena
gave a shriek of surprise!
Just then they heard a lot of
noise and loud voices from outside
the park. Everyone ran towards the
main gate. There was a crowd of
people, carrying empty buckets and pots. A small child carrying
an empty bottle was clinging to his mother. Rohan’s mother went
to one of the women in the crowd. “What is the matter?” She
asked.
The woman replied angrily,
“You ask what is the matter?
Our wells have no water. We
get our water only when the
tanker comes once a week.
Today, even that has not
come. And here, there is so
much water everywhere – just
for you all to play and enjoy. Tell me, what should we do?”
Read and Write
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever faced a shortage of water in your house? When?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What did you do then?
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever played in water? Where and when?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there times when you are not allowed to play in water?
What are the reasons for this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen wastage of water in your area? Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The water park had a lot of water to play in but the nearby
village people did not have water even to drink. Think about
it and discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you go to a water park, find out from where the water
comes to the park.
Can We Drink This?Can We Drink This?Can We Drink This?Can We Drink This?Can We Drink This?
Cuffe Parade, Mumbai
The lift stopped at the 26th
floor. Deepak
loves going in the lift. Today was a holiday
in school. Deepak had gone with his mother
to Raziya Madam’s house. His mother
worked there. The house was quiet and cool,
and shining clean. Raziya was reading a
newspaper. She smiled when she saw
Deepak. “Is it a holiday today?” she asked.
She switched on the TV and Deepak was
soon lost in the world of cartoons.
Raziya called out, “Pushpa, it says in the newspaper that
the gutter water has got mixed with the water in the drinking
water pipes, in this area. It says that many people are sick
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with diarrhoea and
vomiting because of this.
Why don’t you throw away
the water that was filled
yesterday? Put some fresh
water to boil, for drinking.
Also take home some
boiled water for your
family.” Deepak was happy
to hear this. He thought, “At least today I will not have to stand
in a queue for hours to get water for our house. It is a real
holiday for me!”
Writeinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why was Raziya worried when she read the newspaper?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Raziya asked that all the water that was filled the previous
day should be thrown. Could this water have been used for
something else? What kind of things?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In what way did she plan to clean the water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know of different ways to clean the water? Describe
them.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Suppose, Raziya had not read the news and everyone had drunk
the water without boiling it, what could have happened?
Discuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where Deepak lives, everyone has to stand in a queue to fill
water from the common public tap. In Raziya’s house, water
comes all day in the tap. Why is this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Raziya read news about the water in the newspaper. Have
you read any news about water in the newspapers? What
kind of news?
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151
Do and Discuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look through the newspapers of the last one month. Look
for all news-items related to water. Cut them out. Stick all
the cuttings together on a big paper to make a big collage.
Talk about what you have collected. Discuss in the class.
Have you ever suffered from diarrhoea and vomiting? How
did you feel? When we have diarrhoea and vomiting, we lose a
lot of water from our body. This can be dangerous, if we do not
take care. It is important that we make up for the water that we
lose from our body. We should drink a lot of water when this
happens. We should also mix some salt and sugar in the water.
For this, mix one teaspoon sugar and
a pinch of salt in one glass of boiled and
cooled water. Taste it to make sure that
there is not too much salt. The water
should not taste more salty than our
tears.
When a person has diarrhoea and
vomiting, the water must be sipped slowly
by them. Light food must be taken.
Babies should continue to take their mother’s milk as this is
good for them. It is also necessary to take some medicines – they
can also be home-made remedies. If the diarrhoea does not stop,
it is important to get the advise of a doctor.
Water Survey in SchoolWater Survey in SchoolWater Survey in SchoolWater Survey in SchoolWater Survey in School
Make three groups of students in your class.
ÖÖÖÖÖ One group will find out about the arrangements of drinking
water in the school.
Salt
Sugar Water
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ÖÖÖÖÖ The second group will find out about the arrangement of
toilet in the school.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The third group will find out about illness affecting children
in the class.
The questions given below will help the groups to collect
information.
Group 1
Observe and Note –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Put a ( ) in right box or boxes
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where does the water in your school come from?
Tap Tank Handpump Any other
ÖÖÖÖÖ In your school, from where do you take water to drink?
Tap Tank Handpump Any other
ÖÖÖÖÖ If there is no tap, matka or handpump, then how do you get
drinking water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there water in all the taps or handpumps?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there any tap which is leaking or dripping?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are all the matkas filled with water and are they covered?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are the matkas and other water containers cleaned regularly?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How is water made safe for drinking?
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153
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there a long-handled ladle to take water from the matka
or container? How many ladles are there per container?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is the place around the drinking water–taps or matkas
cleaned regularly?
ThinkandDiscuss
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do the drinking water places get dirty?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What can we do to keep these places clean?
Findoutandwriteinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ How often (once a day, once in two days, etc.) are the
containers or matkas and ladles cleaned? Who cleans them?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many children are there in your school? How many
taps, matkas or handpumps are there? Are these sufficient
for children?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who cleans the places near the water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where does the water that is spilt go?
Group 2
Observe and Note –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Put ( ) in the box and write wherever it is required –
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the toilet arrangements in your school?
Built toilet Open area
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many toilets are there?
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there separate toilets for girls yes no
and boys?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there water in the toilets? yes no
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where does the water come from?
ÖÖÖÖÖ the tap yes no
ÖÖÖÖÖ filled containers yes no
ÖÖÖÖÖ has to be brought from home yes no
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there water for washing hands near yes no
the toilet?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you wash your hands after using yes no
the toilet?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there any tap that is leaking or yes no
dripping?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are the toilets kept clean? yes no
Find out and write
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many boys and girls are there in your school?
Girls Boys
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many toilets are there for girls, and how many for boys?
Girls Boys
ÖÖÖÖÖ If there are no taps, who brings the water for the toilet? From
where does the water have to be brought?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who keeps the place clean?
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155
Talkaboutit
ÖÖÖÖÖ What can be done to keep the toilets clean?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What can each of us do for this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you seen toilets at bus stands or railway stations? How
are they different from the toilets at home?
Group 3
Talk with the children in your class and fill in the table given
below. In the last few months, how many children in the class
have suffered from any of these?
For the teacher: The table lists common symptoms that children may
know about. If these are caused by cholera, then you can discuss them
with reference to this. It is not important that children should know the
names of all the diseases.
Discuss with your teacher what you have found out from
your survey. Now make a report with your findings and
suggestions. Read your report in the assembly. Put it up on the
notice board.
S. No. Diarrhoea, Vomiting Loose motion Yellow urine, Stomach ache
loose and vomiting yellow (pale)
motions skin and eyes,
mild fever
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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156
Children show the WayChildren show the WayChildren show the WayChildren show the WayChildren show the Way
Too little water, or no water… this was nothing new for the people in
the Holgundi area of Karnataka. The wells would have some water only
in rainy days. In the past three years, there was not even enough rain.
Everything had dried up there. There was no water for drinking, for
growing crops, or for animals. People had to leave their village and go
to nearby towns for some work. Children had to leave school to go with
the elders.
The village panchayat was worried. All the members discussed what
could be done. This panchayat had some special members – children.
The children’s panchayat was called Bhima Sangh.
“Has our village always had water shortage?” the children asked the
elders. “No, it was not so before,” replied village people. Some of the
elders recalled that up on the hill, there used to be a water tank. The
tank would fill with water when it rained. There used to be fish in the
tank, and greenery around it. Those days, even the village wells and
the pond used to have enough water. On hearing this, the Bhima Sangh
decided that they would first look for that tank.
The tank was on the hill. They found that the tank was full of mud
and stones now. How could water fill? The tank had many cracks. How
could the water remain in the tank? There were no trees and grass –
how could there be greenery?
The children said, “We must clean the tank and make the area green
again.” For this, it was important to first understand how things had
been before and why they had changed now. This would help them to
plan for solving the water problem. And, that too, not only for one year,
but for the years ahead.
For the teacher: Encourage children to locate Karnataka on the map of
India.
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157
The panchayat took help from some experts. Together, they made a
plan and together they worked for it.
The tank was first properly cleaned. The cracks were repaired. Grass
and trees were planted all around the tank. As the tank was on a hill, a
lot of rain water used to flow down the slopes. With this water, soil also
would flow away. So the children made a small dam on the slope, to
stop the water and soil.
Then everybody waited for the rains to come. When it rained, the
tank filled up with the water. The children put some fish in the tank.
They kept guard to make sure that nobody stole the fish or harmed the
plants. One monsoon went by, then another. Things got better every
year. The tank filled a little more, the plants grew, the fish multiplied.
After two or three years, the tank remained full of water even after the
rains had stopped. The wells and ponds in the village had water again.
There was greenery once again. The people did not have to leave their
village for work.
The hard work of Bhima Sangh had shown results. The children
had shown the way! Those children are now grown up. But the Bhima
Sangh continues, and every year more children are proud to become its
members and work together; to always lead the way.
For the teacher: Let children narrate such experiences in class and ask
them to compile these.
2019-20

Abdul in the GardenAbdul in the GardenAbdul in the GardenAbdul in the GardenAbdul in the Garden
It was a holiday. Abdul was helping his Abbu in the garden.
Abbu was clearing the dried leaves and grass from the vegetable
beds. Abdul started to pull out the grass from one of the beds.
He found that it was not easy to pull out even the small grass.
His hands became red by the effort. In trying to pull out grass,
Abdul knocked down a stick that was supporting the pea plant
(climber). The delicate stem of the pea plant broke. Abbu said,
“Why are you pulling the grass? The roots of the grass are strong.
You will have to dig them out.” Abdul carefully dug out the plant.
He then saw that the roots of the grass plant were longer and
much more spread out than the part of the plant above the ground.
ÖÖÖÖÖ The stick which was stuck in the ground fell very easily. It
was difficult to pull out a small grass. Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do all plants have roots?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at some plants and
trees around you.
Imagine how deep and
spread out the roots of
these are.
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159
ÖÖÖÖÖ After three days, Abdul saw that one broken part of the pea
plant had dried. Guess which part would have dried up? Why?
Abbu remembered that he had to send some radish (mooli)
home. He started to pull the radish out of the soil. Abdul
wondered whether these were also roots. Only a few radish
were pulled when there was suddenly a strong wind and rain.
Both of them picked up the radish and ran. They had just
reached home when a branch of the neem tree in the courtyard
broke and fell. In fact, Abbu was lucky to have missed by only
a few inches. Despite the strong wind the tree remained firm
on the ground. They both sat down to have tea with Ammi.
Abbu said to Abdul, “The plants were getting dry. Now that it
has rained, we will not have to water the plants. We can now sit
and play ludo.”
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you think the neem tree did not fall despite the
strong wind?
ÖÖÖÖÖ On putting water in the soil where the plants are growing,
the droping leaves become fresh again. How?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you feel, do all plants need water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which of the plants around you need regular watering?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What will happen, if nobody gives water to these plants?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Abdul realised that he never watered the huge neem tree.
“Where did it get its water from?” he thought. Which of the
plants around you do not need watering. Where do they get
water from? Make two guesses.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ Abdul wondered whether radish was a root. Why did he think so?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at the pictures below and find out which of these
vegetables are roots.
Abdul has mAbdul has mAbdul has mAbdul has mAbdul has more Questionsore Questionsore Questionsore Questionsore Questions
Nowadays Abdul keeps thinking about all kinds of plants that
he sees.
Abdul saw a plant growing out of a wall in school. He wondered–
ÖÖÖÖÖ How deep must the roots of this
plant be going?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do the roots get water?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How big will this plant grow?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What will happen to the wall?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you give the name of the plant
in the picture?
For the teacher: The concept that roots absorb water is difficult for
children (at this age) to understand. It is however important to give
them opportunities to think about this relationship. Different children
may be at different levels of thinking. It is important to give space to
their ideas.
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161
Have you ever seen a plant growing from a crack in a wall?
Where was it? Did you have any questions when you saw it?
What were some of your questions? Ask elders and find the
answers. Find out the name of the plant you saw.
Abdul saw a huge tree that
had fallen on the roadside. He
remembered the neem tree in his
courtyard. He could see some of
its broken roots. Abdul thought–
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would someone have uprooted
such a big tree or would it
have fallen on its own?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How old would this tree be?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Abdul on seeing a tree surrounded by
cemented ground, thought that how will it
get rain water?
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which are the oldest trees in your area? Find
out from your elders how old the trees are?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Name animals who live on this tree.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen any big tree that had fallen down? What
did you think when you saw it?
Unusual RootsUnusual RootsUnusual RootsUnusual RootsUnusual Roots
Have you swung from a banyan tree? What did you hold to
swing? What looks like the hanging branches are actually the
roots of the tree. These grow down from the branches until they
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162
reach the ground. These roots are like pillars that provide strong
support to the tree. The banyan tree also has roots under the
ground, just as other trees have.
There is a law against cutting trees
There was a tree growing close to a lamp post. The tree
was so full of leaves that the light of the bulb was
blocked. People felt that the branches of the tree needed
to be trimmed. Before they do this, they need to take
written permission from the government office.
Have you seen any tree which has roots growing from its
branches?
Let us do this
Get together with 3-4 of your friends – From the list of things
given, decide who will bring which thing.
A transparent glass tumbler or bottle with a wide mouth,
rubber band or thread, some seeds of moong, wheat, bajra,
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163
mustard, channa (chick peas) or rajma (red beans) and a wad
of cotton wool.
Each group will work with only one kind of seed. Soak a few
seeds (5-6) overnight in a bowl full of water. Take the wad of
cotton wool and wet it. Put it on the mouth of the tumbler. Tie it
tight to the mouth with rubber band or thread. Remove soaked
seeds from water and place them on the cotton wool. You will
have to take care that the cotton wool does not dry. Observe
the changes that take place for the next 10 to 12 days. Did you
observe the seedlings come out of the seeds? Draw the picture
of the seedling as it looks on the fourth and the eighth day.
Day 4 Day 8
Writeinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ What difference did you observe in the seeds after soaking?
Compare with dry seeds and write.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you think would happen if the cotton wool had been
left dry?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In which direction did the roots grow? And the stem?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How big did the plant grow in the cotton wool?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did small plants come out from all the seeds?
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ÖÖÖÖÖ What is the colour of the roots?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did you see any hair on the roots?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Try and pull out one little plant from the cotton wool. Were
you able to pull it out? Why?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did you see how the roots grip the cotton wool? Do you
think that the roots hold the soil in the same way? Also look
at the plants grown by your friends.
What Grows?What Grows?What Grows?What Grows?What Grows?
Arif and Roopali did the above activity. They saw the seedlings
grow. When asked – what are the things that grow? They had
very different ideas about things that grow.
Arif made a list of the following – Leaves, munna, bud, puppy,
nails, fish.
Doyouknow?
Desert Oak is a tree that is found in Australia. It grows
almost as tall as your classroom wall. It has very few leaves.
Guess how deep its roots go down? Imagine the length of
about 30 such trees laid down in a line end to end, one after
another. That is how long the roots of this tree can be. These
roots go deep into the ground till they reach water. This
water is stored in the tree trunk. Local people knew about
this. When there was no water in the desert, the local people
use to put a thin pipe into the trunk of the tree, to drink this
water.
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165
Roopali’s list had – Moon, tree, I, hair, watermelon, mosquito,
crow.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you think? Which of these things listed by Arif and
Roopali grow?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why don’t you make your own list of things that grow?
Your list can include the names of things that are in Arif ’s
and Roopali’s list.
Think about yourself – in what ways have you changed over a
period of time? Have you grown in any way? For example –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has your height increased? How much taller have you grown
in the last one year?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Imagine that you had never cut your nails! Draw a picture of
your fingers in the notebook to show how they would have
looked.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What other part of your body (some people cut it regularly)
keeps growing?
For the teacher: Encourage children to plant trees in the school/
colony on the World Environmental Day or any occasion. Ask them to
take care of their plants.
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Class PartyClass PartyClass PartyClass PartyClass Party
The school reopened today after the vacations. The
children share news about how they spent their holidays.
“When did you put mehendi on your palms?” Meena
asked Aarti. “At my uncle’s wedding,” Aarti said. “You must
have had a lot of fun at the wedding,” David said. “Oh,
yes! I enjoyed the wedding feasts the most,” Aarti said.
“At the wedding, we had fun with all my cousins and
other relatives eating and doing everything together.” Aarti
said, “Why don’t we do something like this in school? Let
us also have some fun together.” Rehana asked.
“I have an idea,” David said. “Why don’t we have a
class party ? Then we can also eat and have fun together.”
“We have parties in our colony whenever there is a festival.
We collect money from everyone for the party. We cook
some dishes and buy other things from the market,”
Rehana said.
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167
Reena said, “We don’t need
a festival to have a party.
Saturday is half-day. Why
don’t we plan to have our party
then?”
Everyone in the class
decided what each would bring
for the party. On Saturday the
children really enjoyed their party. There was so much variety
in food. They played so many games. Everybody was so relaxed.
There was singing and dancing too. They decided that they
would have such a party again.
Writeinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you like to eat with others?
ÖÖÖÖÖ On what occasions do you eat together with your friends?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever had a party in your class? When? What all did
you do to arrange a party?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What did you and your classmates bring to the party?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What all did you eat?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who were the people you invited for your party?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Were there some people who work in your school, whom you
could not invite? Who were these people?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did you wear any special dress for the party?
For the teacher: A class party is a good opportunity to get children to
eat together. Children can also be encouraged to prepare songs, dances
and plays for the party.
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ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the things that you can do to make the party greater
fun for everyone? Discuss.
Celebrating BihuCelebrating BihuCelebrating BihuCelebrating BihuCelebrating Bihu
Sonmoni woke up early and
ran to meet her friends
Tanvir, Fatima and Mazani.
Today was a special day in
Assam. The new rice crop
had been harvested. The
village was celebrating the
festival of Bihu. The four
friends sang and chatted
happily as they made the Bhela Ghar from bamboo.
Let us read how they celebrated Bihu.
Sonmoni – Hurry up ! We must finish making the Bhela Ghar
of grass and bamboo before the feast tonight.
Tanvir – Yes, today is Uruka. The whole village will eat together.
Fatima – Have they started preparing the feast?
Sonmoni – Yes, everyone has contributed money to buy the
bora rice, fish and vegetables. They also arranged wood for
mezi. Hariya and Bhadiya have not given money, but they are
helping with all the work.
Fatima – What about the meat, fish and vegetables?
Sonmoni – Some people have gone to market to buy all these
things. The bora rice has been soaked. The whole village is
For the teacher: Magh Bihu is celebrated on 14 and 15 of January
(1st and 2nd Magh, the tenth month of Assamese calendar). The first day is
called Uruka, and that day people build a temporary shed called Bhela Ghar
and have a community feast. Bora is a common variety of rice used in Assam.
These are ‘sticky’ rice. Encourage children to locate Assam on the map.
Bhela Ghar
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169
busy making pitha. Some people are cooking and some are
roasting the sweet potatoes. Some will help to serve the food at
night. In the evening, everyone will be served tea and pitha.
Tanvir – I am waiting to eat the cheva rice that we will get at
the feast. I really love it.
Fatima – How will the cheva rice be prepared?
Sonmoni – They will light a fire and boil the water in the big
tao (a big vessel). On this vessel, they will put the Kadhahi
containing soaked rice and cover it with banana leaves. After
some time, the cheva rice will be cooked and ready to eat.
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where is the festival of Bihu
celebrated?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which are the festivals you
celebrate together with other
families?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does everyone cook and eat
together on such festivals?
What are some of the special
dishes that are cooked? How
are they cooked?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are some special vessels used for cooking these items? What
are they?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which is the biggest vessel that is used? Can you draw a
picture of it? Can you guess how many people can eat the
food that is cooked in it at one time?
2019-20

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170
The Bhela Ghar was ready.
The four friends ran off to
change their clothes. Soon all
the people in the village got
together at one place. The
women were dressed in pat and
Muga mekhala-chador. Sonmoni
and her friends ran to the Bhela
Ghar. The drums started to play
and everyone started to sing and
dance. Everyone danced till they
were tired. Then they all sat down
on the ground in rows and ready to eat. The food was served on
banana leaves. Everyone enjoyed the feast. That night they stayed
in Bhela Ghar.
Mazani: Sonmoni! We should go and sleep now. We have to
get up early tomorrow to light the Mezi and Bhela Ghar also.
Find out and do
ÖÖÖÖÖ Can you guess how many people must have eaten together
in the village feast?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen the Bihu dance? Did you like it?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out from the students in your class, the festivals that they
celebrate and the special food that they eat on these days. Who
cooks the special food for festivals?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you wear clothes of some special colours on some festivals?
Make a picture of these clothes in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there special songs that are sung at different festivals in
your place? Learn some of these songs and sing them in the
class.
Mezi
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Eating Together
171
ÖÖÖÖÖ Learn some special festival dances.
Perform these with your friends in your
school assembly.
ÖÖÖÖÖ When you meet friends of your own age
do you do anything special – like play a
game, chat or watch a movie? What else
do you do?
Mid-day MealMid-day MealMid-day MealMid-day MealMid-day Meal
It is almost one o’clock in the afternoon. The smell of food
cooking is coming from the verandah and our stomachs are
rumbling. We are so hungry, we are not able to pay attention to
the lesson in the class.
Ding, Ding, Ding… at last, now the bell rang! All the children
ran out and went to wash their hands. Master Moshai sent all
the children to the handpump at the corner of the courtyard.
“Anondo, see that everyone washes their hands properly,”
he called.
After washing our hands, we all stood in queue to take our
food. Some had their own boxes, and others had plates. Then
we all sat down in a circle with our food. Before we started to
eat, we sang together –
We play together,
we eat together.
For the good of everyone,
we will always be together.
Today there is bhat-shukto (rice with vegetable and gravy) in
our meal. Yesterday, we had luchi and chhola-dal. Outside Didi
Moni’s room, a list of food items has been displayed. It tells
what we will get on different days of the week. Would it not be
wonderful if on some days we got an extra treat – maybe
something sweet!
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172
There is another interesting thing about lunch time at school.
Everyday we change our places in the circle and sit next to a
different child. I really like this because I can meet new children
and make new friends.
The food was not always very nice. Sometimes, rice was of
poor quality, sometimes, it was not properly cooked. Some
parents did not like their children to eat such food.
Didi Moni explained to them it was everyone’s duty to make
sure that the children got fresh, hot and properly cooked food.
Also make sure that every child gets afternoon meal regularly.
The parents also decided to help.
Now things are better. We eat fresh, hot and properly cooked
food together. The younger children sometimes cannot finish all
the food, but my friends and I are sometimes still a little hungry
even after we eat.
Nowadays many schools give food in school during the day.
It was not always like this. When my didi was in the primary
school, children did not get afternoon meal in school. Some
children come to school in the morning without eating anything.
Imagine! Having to study on an empty stomach!
Find out and write in your notebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ Write about the food given in your school. If you do not get
food in school, ask a friend or someone else who gets food in
school.
ÖÖÖÖÖ What time is the meal served?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you get in the meal at school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you like the mid-day meal that you get?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is the food that you get enough for you?
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173
Do you bring your own plate, or do you get it in school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who serves the food?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do your teachers eat with you?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is the week’s menu put up on the school board?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What will you get on Wednesday and Friday?
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you got a chance to change the menu for the meal in
your school, what would you like to change? What would
you like to eat? Make your own menu.
Day Food Items
Monday
Wednesday
Friday
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you do not get food in the school, find out why?
Mid-day MMid-day MMid-day MMid-day MMid-day Mealealealealeal
EVERY CHILD’S RIGHTEVERY CHILD’S RIGHTEVERY CHILD’S RIGHTEVERY CHILD’S RIGHTEVERY CHILD’S RIGHT
Many children in our country are not able to get even
one full meal every day. Many of them go to school
empty stomach and cannot study properly.
Some years ago, the highest court of our country gave
an important decision. All children up to elementary
school should be provided with hot, cooked food. This
is the right of every child.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where will you lodge your complaint about the mid-day meal?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out the toll free phone number, the website or e-mail
address to make a complaint.
2019-20

Trring…! The doorbell rang. When Manpreet opened the
door she saw Divya and Swastik there. She called out
excitedly, “Gurnoor! Look who has come.” Gurnoor came
running. When she saw her friends she hugged them
happily. “When did you come from the hostel (Boarding
School)?” “Just Yesterday. Where are your parents? We
want to meet them,” Swastik said.
“They are at the Gurudwara. We were about to go there
too,” Gurnoor replied. “Oh good, we will also come with
you,” said Divya.
“You come home only in the vacations. Do you like
staying in your hostel? You must be missing your parents,”
Gurnoor asked.
2019-20

Food and Fun
175
Divya said, “We do miss them, but hostel life is fun. Even if
we don’t always like the food, we enjoy eating together with all
the children.”
“You know, when someone in our hostel gets home-made
food, we all rush to their rooms. That food finishes within
minutes,” Swastik said laughingly.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you study in a boarding school? If you do not, try to talk
with someone who goes to a boarding school and find out –
ÖÖÖÖÖ In what ways is boarding school different from other
schools?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What kind of food do they get there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where do the children sit and eat in the boarding school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who cooks food for the children in the boarding school?
Who serves the food?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who washes the vessels?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do the children miss home-made food sometimes?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would you like to go to a boarding school? Why?
At the GurudwaraAt the GurudwaraAt the GurudwaraAt the GurudwaraAt the Gurudwara
The children chatted all the way to the
Gurudwara. There, they covered their
heads.
They went into kitchen of the
Gurudwara. It was very huge. A lot of
activity was going on there. Food was
being cooked in huge vessels. On one side
the channa and urad dal was boiling.
2019-20

Looking Around
176
In another vessel, the cau-
liflower and potato vegeta-
ble was being made. “There
is your Papa! Gurnoor, let
us go and meet him,”
Swastik said.
“What are you doing
here?” Manjit Singh was
happy to see the children.
“Uncle, can we also help in the kitchen? What are you
preparing?” Swastik asked.
Manjit Singh said, “I am preparing kadhah prasad. It takes
a lot of effort to roast the flour in ghee in this big kadhai.”
“This is a kind of halwa. Isn’t it? When will you add sugar in
it?” Divya asked.
They saw Manpreet’s mother and rushed to meet her. Divya
asked, “What are you doing Aunty?” “Beta, we are rolling
chapaties to bake
them in this
tandoor.” “So many
chapaties at one
go!” Divya was
surprised. “Can I
help?” “Sure! come
and try, here
everyone can help,
but wash your
hands first,” replied
Aunty.
2019-20

Food and Fun
177
Divya washed her hands and
joined the group near the tava.
The tava was very hot. She
started applying ghee on the
chapaties as they were being
taken out of the tava.
Swastik wondered aloud, “Who
brings all the material to cook so
much food?” One of the ladies
answered, “Everyone here
contributes in some way or the
other. Some arrange for the
material, some give money, and
others help in the work”.
“So Swastik, how do you like it? Have you ever cooked before?”
teased Manpreet.
“No, but I am enjoying working with everyone, ” said Swastik.
We hardly realised how all this food – chapaties, rice, halwa,
dal and vegetable – got prepared so fast.
After ardaas, kadhah prasad was distributed. Some of the
boys quickly laid out durries in the verandah and all the people
sat down in rows to have langar. Some people served food and
others served water. Everyone ate together.
After finishing food everyone picked up one’s own plate, and
put it in a big drum. People who were serving, ate in the end.
They cleaned the place and washed the utensils.
Talkaboutit
ÖÖÖÖÖ The ‘cooking and eating together’ in a Gurudwara is called
langar. Have you ever eaten in a langar ? Where and when?
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178
ÖÖÖÖÖ How many people were cooking and how many were
serving the food there?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Are there other occasions when you have eaten with many
people? Where and when? Who cooked and served the food
there?
Different scenes from a Gurudwara langar
2019-20

Tug of WarTug of WarTug of WarTug of WarTug of War
Once again, everybody in Marietta’s family is quarrelling over watching
the TV – just like they do every day! Marietta’s
brother wants to watch a cricket
match while little Susan is eager
to watch her favourite programme
of song’s. Mummy and Aunty are
good friends but their favourite
TV programmes are different.
Mummy likes to watch the
news while Aunty enjoys a TV
serial. Marietta wants to watch
cartoons and Daddy enjoys the
football match. He says that he
can watch TV only in the evening.
Finally, everyone had to watch the
football match.
2019-20

Looking Around
180
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ In your home too, do people quarrel over fans, TV, newspapers,
chairs or anything else?
ÖÖÖÖÖ In your home, who settles such quarrels?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk about an interesting incident at home when there was
a quarrel over such things.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen people quarrelling over something
elsewhere? What?
Why the Difference?Why the Difference?Why the Difference?Why the Difference?Why the Difference?
It is 7 o’clock in the evening. Pratibha is hurrying home from her
friend’s house. Her brothers Sandeep and Sanjay are busy playing
round the corner with their friends.
They are in no hurry to go home.
Even if they are late, nobody
will scold them.
Pratibha thinks that
this is not fair. Why
should there be one rule
for her and another for
her brothers? But what
can she do?
Letustalk
ÖÖÖÖÖ Does this kind of thing happen in your house or in any of
your friend’s house? What do you think about this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you think that there should be different rules for girls and
boys, women and men?
2019-20

The World in my Home
181
ÖÖÖÖÖ Think – what would happen if girls had to follow rules made
for boys and boys had to follow rules made for girls.
Pilloo AuntyPilloo AuntyPilloo AuntyPilloo AuntyPilloo Aunty
One day, Pilloo Aunty took Phali and Nazu and their friends to
the beach. What a good time they had! They played in sand
and water, and then went for a ride on the Giant wheel. After
that they ate bhelpuri and bought balloons. Then everybody
enjoyed some icy cold kulfi. When the kulfi-seller asked for
money, he made a mistake. He charged for five kulfis instead of
seven. The children thought, “Hurrah! We have saved money.”
But Pilloo Aunty paid the money for seven kulfis to the kulfi-
seller.
The children will always remember what Pilloo Aunty did
that day.
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you were to write a different ending for this story, how will
you end it?
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182
ÖÖÖÖÖ Is there anyone in your family who is like Pilloo Aunty? Who?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What would the children have thought if Pilloo Aunty had
paid less money to the kulfi-seller? What do you think about
this?
What Should I Do?What Should I Do?What Should I Do?What Should I Do?What Should I Do?
Akshay loves his grandmother
very much. She loves him dearly
too. She talks to him about
many interesting things.
Anil is Akshay’s friend.
His grandmother likes
Anil too, but one thing
that she tells Akshay
again and again is that
he should never eat or
drink anything at
Anil’s house – not even
a glass of water! “They
are very different from
our family,” she says.
One day there was a volleyball match in the big ground near
Anil’s house. It was a hot day and everybody was tired and
thirsty after the match. Anil invited everybody home. Anil’s
mother gave water to all of them, and they drank it. When Anil
handed Akshay a glass of water, he suddenly remembered his
grandmother’s warning. Akshay stared at Anil, not knowing
what to do.
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183
Talkaboutit
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you think Akshay will do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why was Akshay confused?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you think Akshay’s grandmother warned him not to
drink even water in Anil’s house?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know of anybody who thinks like Akshay’s
grandmother?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you agree with Akshay’s grandmother?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What do you think Akshay should do?
Who will Decide?Who will Decide?Who will Decide?Who will Decide?Who will Decide?
Dhondu comes from a very
large family. His elder uncle
looks after the family – their
fields, money matters, etc. He
decides about all the small and
big things for the family.
Dhondu has always worked in the
fields. But now, he wants to do something
different. He would like to borrow some money from a bank
and buy a chakki machine to grind grain. There is no such
machine in their village. Dhondu is confident that this new
work will help him earn more money for his family. Father has
agreed to let him try the new work. But his elder uncle is not
agreeing to this.
For the teacher: These examples reflect some situations that we face in our
daily life. These often affect us in different ways. Encourage children to
think about these and to express how they feel about them.
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184
For the teacher: Some children may have similar experiences as Ritu did.
It will help to build their confidence and feeling of support, if children can
discuss this in class. In case you feel the need, you could talk individually
with some of the children. If there is a counsellor in the school, you could
take their help.
Talkaboutit
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you were in Dhondu’s place what would you do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Has it ever happened with you that you wanted to do something
but the elders in the family did not allow you?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who takes important decisions in
your family? What do you feel
about this?
ÖÖÖÖÖ How would you like if only one
person made all the decisions for
your family?
I Don’t Like It!I Don’t Like It!I Don’t Like It!I Don’t Like It!I Don’t Like It!
Meena and Ritu were going home after playing hopscotch. “Come
on, come to my house,” pleaded Meena, pulling Ritu by the
hand.
“Is your Uncle at home? If he is, I will not come,” Ritu
answered.
“But why do you say that? Uncle likes you. He was
saying – bring your friend Ritu home and I will give
both of you lots of chocolate.”
Ritu pulled her hand away from Meena saying, “I
am scared of your Uncle. I do not like it when he
even touches my hand.”
Saying this, Ritu went home.
2019-20

185
Talkaboutit
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever disliked anybody’s touch? Whose touch did
you dislike?
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you were in Ritu’s place, what would you do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What else can be done when such things happen? Discuss.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Everybody’s touch is not the same. Ritu did not like it when
Meena’s uncle held her hand, but she liked to hold Meena’s
hand. Why do you think there was this difference?
For the teacher: You may be very careful and sensitive to deal
with children if they wish to share problems related to drug
addiction of their family members. The harmful effects of drugs/
narcotics may be discussed in the class. Such issues should also
be discussed in the inservice training programmes.
It may be possible that children from such families (Drug addicted
members) may fall victim to such habits/practices. A timely action
needs to be taken to prevent them. On this theme, charts and posters
can be prepared by the children with the support of teachers and
discuss in the class.
2019-20

Vani and Prasad live in a village called Mukhtapur. Their
home is always filled with bundles of bright-coloured
threads. Their mother and father and everyone else in
the family are weavers. The weaving that they do is very
beautiful and special.
Mukhtapur village is in the Pochampalli town (mandal)
of Telangana. Most of the families in this town are weavers.
That is why the special cloth that they weave is called
Pochampalli.
The villagers have been doing this work for a long time.
Vani and Prasad’s parents learnt weaving from their elders.
For the teacher: Make the children aware that most traditional arts
are learnt at home. There are many different handicrafts to be learnt
like Pochampalli. You could discuss other traditional occupations
like carpet weaving, toy making, Itr production, etc.
2019-20

Pochampalli
187
Process of making pochampalli sarees
2019-20

Looking Around
188
Now Vani and Prasad also help their parents after coming back
from school. This weaving requires hard work, and many dif-
ferent things have to be done before actually weaving.
From thread to ClothFrom thread to ClothFrom thread to ClothFrom thread to ClothFrom thread to Cloth
Father brings bundles of thread from Pochampalli town. Mother
then puts these threads in boiling water to wash away the dirt
and stains. Then everybody works to dye the thread with bright
colours. These threads are then dried and rolled into bundles.
These bundles are put onto looms and the cloth is woven. Silk
cloth and silk sarees are woven from the silk thread. Cotton
thread is used to weave cotton sarees, cloth, sheets, etc.
The loom has many needles. The size and number of the
needles changes according to the design. The weavers weave
the beautiful Pochampalli sarees in bright colours. Through
their traditional craft they have made their region world famous.
A Craft in DangerA Craft in DangerA Craft in DangerA Craft in DangerA Craft in Danger
Great skill is needed to weave such special sarees. It also takes
many days of hard labour. After all this, it is difficult to get a
good price for these sarees. Silk is becoming expensive
day by day. Big shopkeepers give very little money for the sarees,
though they themselves sell them at very high price. That is
why many weavers are giving up their family craft. Many are
leaving their villages to work as labourers in big cities. We need
to solve this problem by helping them get a better price.
Otherwise, this precious craft will be lost forever.
For the teacher: In many traditional occupations, different kind of tools
and skills are used. Emphasise that the entire family participates in
making one thing, and that everybody has different responsibilities and
duties.
2019-20

Pochampalli
189
Discuss
Vani and Prasad learnt this beautiful craft from their family
members. When they grow up, do you think they will be able to
teach their children the skills of this craft?
Writeinyournotebook
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen anybody weave something on a loom?
What were they weaving and where?
ÖÖÖÖÖ The threads of a saree are dyed. Do you know of any other
thing that is dyed?
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you visit Vani’s village it seems as if the entire village is
weaving sarees. Do you know of any other work which many
people living in one place do?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do they make some article?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out the process of making the article? What are the
different steps?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do men and women do different kinds of work to make this
article?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do children also contribute in making this article?
Find out and write
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk to an ironsmith, a carpenter and a potter about the
nature of their work.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Where did they learn to do their work?
2019-20

Today, there was a lot of activity at Maalu’s house. Chittappan
and his family were coming home after five years. Five years
ago Chittappan had got a job in the capital city of United Arab
Emirates (UAE) called Abu Dhabi. Since then he had lived there.
Maalu and her Appa went to the airport to receive them.
After the plane landed, the passengers had to wait for some
time to collect their luggage. At last Chittappan, Kunjamma and
their two children could be seen coming out. “How big Shanta
and Sashi have grown,” Appa said.
Soon the many suitcases and bags were fitted into the taxi
and everyone was on the way to Maalu’s house.
“Shanta, you must be very tired after your long journey, Appa
told me that Abu Dhabi is far from India,” said Maalu.
For the teacher: Chittappan – Father’s younger brother in Malayalam.
Kunjamma – Father’s younger brother’s wife in Malayalam.
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192
“We are not tired. Even though it is far, our flight took only
two hours,” said Shanta. “The plane flies very fast.”
Maalu was surprised. She remembered that when she had
gone on a school trip to Chennai, they had spent almost 12
hours in the train. And on the map, Kochi and Chennai seemed
quite near. Maalu, Shanta and Sashi chatted all the way home
from the airport. Maalu remembered how much fun she had on
her school trips. She wanted Shanta to tell them all about her
trip from Abu Dhabi.
Dust All Around!Dust All Around!Dust All Around!Dust All Around!Dust All Around!
“Did you see many interesting
things from the plane?” asked
Maalu.
“Most of the time we saw only
clouds because the plane was
flying so high, even higher than
the clouds,” said Shanta. “But
before it went so high, we could see that we were flying over
sandy areas. It was sand but the colour of the sand kept
changing – white, brown,
yellow, red, black. We saw
mountains made only of
sand.” “They are called
sand dunes,” added Sashi.
“I have seen sand only at
the seashore,” said Maalu.
“Then you should come
to visit us,” said Chittappan.
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Home and Abroad
193
“The countries around
Abu Dhabi are located in a
desert area. Even if one
drives a little away from the
city, one can see miles and
miles of sand – no trees, no
greenery – just sand.”
“I used to dream of the
thick greenery and cool
water around our home in
Kerala,” said Kunjamma. “I am so happy to see all this after
such a long time.”
“The children have almost forgotten how it feels when it
rains. You know it almost never rains in desert areas,” said
Chittappan. “Water is really very precious over there. No rain,
no rivers, no lakes, no ponds. Even below the ground there is
no water.” “But,” added Sashi, “there is a lot of oil under the
sandy soil. So petrol is easily available in these countries.” “In
fact petrol is cheaper than water,” said Chittappan.
By this time the taxi had reached Maalu’s house. Shanta
and Sashi were surprised to see so many fruit trees– coconuts,
bananas, jackfruit, papaya,
betelnut … so many kind
of trees! Sashi said, “We used
to see only one kind of tree
there – the date palms – because
it is the only one that can grow
in the desert. The date is the
most common fruit.”
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Looking Around
194
Nice Gifts and Photographs!Nice Gifts and Photographs!Nice Gifts and Photographs!Nice Gifts and Photographs!Nice Gifts and Photographs!
After they had met everyone, Kunjamma unpacked their bags.
They had brought gifts for everyone. They gave dates for everyone
to eat. The dates were very sweet and tasty. Sashi showed Maalu
some notes and coins. Shanta explained that the money they
used in Abu Dhabi was different and was called Dirham. It had
some writings in their local language – Arabic. They also showed
many photographs of the place where they lived.
Chitappan gave Maalu a
globe. He said, “Maalu, why
don’t you locate Abu Dhabi
on this? Locate Kerala
also.” The children enjoyed
playing with the globe and
looking for different places
on the globe. Maalu found
Chennai and Kochi also.
In the evening everyone sat in the verandah, enjoying the
breeze and looking at the photographs. They saw that in Abu
Dhabi the buildings were tall with many storeys and big glass
windows. Maalu said, “You must be getting nice cool breeze
through the big windows.” Chittappan said, “We cannot open
the windows because of the heat. It is air-conditioned inside
2019-20

Home and Abroad
195
where everyone stays. As the
weather is very hot, people wear
loose cotton clothes and keep
themselves fully covered – even
the head is covered. This
protects them from the strong
sun.”
Maalu enjoyed looking at the
pictures and finding out about
the other country from her
cousins. She constantly kept comparing her city with the things
that they described about Abu Dhabi. She decided that she
would make a project report about Abu Dhabi for her class.
Discussandwrite
ÖÖÖÖÖ You can also make a small report comparing Abu Dhabi
with the place where you live. You can use some of these
points mentioned below while writing the report. You can
also draw pictures or put photographs.
• The climate and weather • What people wear
• The trees and plants • The kind of buildings
• The traffic on the roads (kinds of vehicles)
• The common food items • The language
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why do you think many trees cannot grow in desert areas?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you have any relatives who live in another country?
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196
ÖÖÖÖÖ How long have they lived there? Did they go there for studies
or for work? Was there any other reason?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at these currency notes
Write the value of each note in the box near its picture.
Specimen
Specimen
Specimen
Specimen
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Looking Around
198
ÖÖÖÖÖ What is written on each coin other than the value.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at these notes. Do they all belong to India? Put a
circle around notes that are not Indian. Find out which
country do they belong to.
2019-20

I can be powdered fine
To make food hot and spicy,
If too much of me is added
I make you gasp – shheee… shheee…
Your eyes and nose begin to water
And you cry!
Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?
Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?
Grind me and powder me –
To make your food look yellow,
I am mixed in oil by granny
And applied to wounds quickly,
I heal all wounds – big and small,
That is why I am loved by all!
Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?Think and tell me who am I?
Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?Tell me quickly, who am I?
2019-20

Looking Around
200
Small and round like a pearl,
I am black when I am whole.
I can be powdered coarse or fine
A sharp and spicy taste is mine,
Whether it is salty or sweet
I am added as a special treat,
Think and tell me who am I?
Tell me quickly, who am I?
I am a small and skinny chap
Sometimes I am brown and
sometime black,
Added to hot oil and ghee
I spread my fragrance all around me,
When I am roasted.
Curd and jaljeera are favourite to me.
I look like Zeera though green am I,
To make your stomach
healthy I always try,
Eat me always after your meal
I refresh your mouth, you
surely feel,
2019-20

Spicy Riddles
201
Now try and make your own riddles about two other spices.
Ask those riddles in your class. Draw pictures of the two spices
in your notebook and write their names.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out which spices are used in your house for cooking.
Make a list and look at your friends’ lists too.
ÖÖÖÖÖ When your grandparents were young, which spices were used
most in their kitchens? Find out from them and write here.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Name one spice which is put into both sweet and salty things.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out what is put into food to make it taste sour.
I look like a nail but a bud am I,
Chocolate brown colour and a
strong smell have I.
When your toothache
makes you shout,
I soothe the pain in your mouth.
2019-20

Looking Around
202
For the teacher: Garam Masala : A powder of a mixture of several spices
such as cardamom (small and big), clove, cumin seeds (zeera), cinna-
mon, black pepper, dry ginger, etc.
I am Kuttan. I live in Kerala. There is a garden of spices in
the backyard of my house. There I see plants of tejpatta, small
and big cardamoms and black pepper grow.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out whether any spices are grown in your area. Write
their names here.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Bring some whole spices to class. Write their names in the
table. Close your eyes and try to recognise each spice by
smelling and touching each one in turn. Put a ( ) mark in
front of the ones you recognise. If you do not recognise any,
put a ( ) mark.
No. Smell Touch Name of the spice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Let us try making a spicy potato chaat !
ÖÖÖÖÖ For this you need –
ÖÖÖÖÖ Boiled potatoes, enough for everybody in the class.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Salt, red chilly powder, mango powder (Amchur) or
lemon, according to taste.
2019-20

Spicy Riddles
203
ÖÖÖÖÖ Roasted cumin seeds (zeera), black salt, and garam
masala, if it is possible.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Fresh coriander leaves.
Peel the boiled potatoes and
cut them into small pieces.
Now add salt, red chilly powder,
mango powder or lemon juice
according to taste. To make your
chaat more delicious, add a little
roasted cumin seeds, black salt and
coriander powder. A pinch of garam masala can
also be added at the end. Mix the potatoes well. Sprinkle chopped
coriander leaves on top and hurrah! Your spicy chaat is ready to
eat!
ÖÖÖÖÖ Did you enjoy the potato chaat?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Just imagine, if there were no spices to make the potato
chaat, how would it taste?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Try to learn and make a different kind of chaat and enjoy it
with all your friends in class.
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do spice-less and very spicy things feel on your tongue?
2019-20

Have you ever seen her photograph anywhere? She is
Lieutenant Commander Wahida Prism, doctor in the Indian
Navy. She is one of the few women who has worked on a
naval ship. She is the first woman to lead a parade. This is
considered to be a very big honour in the armed forces.
We specially spoke to Wahida for this book. Let us
read what we spoke.
– Wahida, tell us something about your
childhood and school.
– I come from a very small village called
Thannamandi. This is in Rajouri district of Jammu and
Kashmir. I did my schooling from a government school.
Most of the girls from the village studied in my school.
However, few of them ever thought of what they would do
For the teacher: Encourage children to locate Jammu and Kashmir on
the map of India.
2019-20

Defence Officer: Wahida
205
after finishing school. I always wanted to become someone
special and move forward in life. I was very interested in higher
studies and wanted to complete the tenth class. In my area, it
was a new thing at that time. My mother and father had to face
many problems because of this. We even had to move out of our
village. We then went to live with my grandmother in Rajouri. I
did my twelfth class from there.
– So you always thought differently right from the
beginning?
– Even when I was very young I wanted to do something
different. I was very fond of riding a motor-cycle. We are three
sisters. My father wanted one of us to become a doctor and one
a teacher. He wanted the third daughter to become a lawyer or
join the police force. I have become a doctor in the Indian Navy
and my sister is in the Jammu Police Force.
– How did you become a doctor?
– I worked very hard. My friends and family members
helped me a lot. I got admission in Jammu Medical College. I
studied for five years and did my M.B.B.S.
– How did you get into the Defence Forces? Didn’t
your family stop you?
– Oh, no! They felt that a job in the Forces would be the
best thing for me. When I was very small, I would see army
officers in our village. I wanted to be like them. This was really
a very big dream for me! While in school, I attended camps,
For the teacher: Children can be informed about all the three forces.
For this, help can be taken from children from the defence background.
2019-20

207
garbage collects and there are
no rats on the ship. Rats and
garbage can spread diseases. I
must keep everybody ready for
any medical emergency on the
ship. In case there is an accident
on the ship, such as fire,
everybody must be ready to deal
with it.
– Is there a hospital on the ship?
– ‘First aid’ is given on every naval ship. Each ship has
one doctor and two or three assistants. Necessary medicines
and some equipment are also available. All these things are
kept in a small room.
– You are the first woman to lead a passing out parade.
You must have worked very hard for this.
– My seniors gave this opportunity to me after seeing my
performance for three years. I felt happy that they had chosen
me and showed faith in me. So I practiced very sincerely.
– Tell us something about that parade.
– In a parade, four platoons march behind the leader.
Thirty-six commands have to be given during the entire parade.
These must be given in a very loud voice so that it is heard till
the rear. The voice should also reach the spectators sitting on
the other side of the ground.
For the teacher: Other occupations may also be discussed while
teaching this lesson.
2019-20

Looking Around
208
– Didn’t you feel
nervous leading four platoons?
– I was not nervous, but
one has to shout thirty-six
commands. If you forget even
one, the entire parade can get
spoiled. I practised every
morning and evening for a
month. But, I have been
participating in parades since school.
– What is the meaning of the word ‘Prism’ in your
name?
– My father gave this name to me. A prism is a kind of
glass which reflects seven colours. My father wanted me to be
like a prism and that is why he started calling me by this name
from my childhood itself.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know anyone who is in defence services? Is the person
in the Navy, Army or Air Force?
ÖÖÖÖÖ What work do they do in the force?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would you like to join the defence services?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Which of the three would you like to join – the Army, the
Navy or the Air Force?
For the teacher: Lay emphasis on the fact that women are now joining
the defence forces and police in great numbers. Show children a prism
in the class.
2019-20

209
ÖÖÖÖÖ In which other jobs do people wear uniforms as in defence
services?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Wahida works as a doctor in the Indian Navy. Can you name
five other occupations in the Navy ?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Have you ever seen a parade? Hold a parade in your own
school and try giving thirty-six-commands – for example,
“Parade, Eyes Right”, “Don’t move”, “Close in”, “Open file”.
Can you add some more commands to this list?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Talk to a doctor and find out about her/his work.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know any
woman who has done
something unusual?
Talk to her in the
same way as we
talked to Lt. Cdr.
Wahida Prism. Think
of the questions that
you will ask. Find out
why she has chosen
that work. What were
the difficulties she
faced in her life?
2019-20

Chuskit’s DreamChuskit’s DreamChuskit’s DreamChuskit’s DreamChuskit’s Dream
Today is a special day for Chuskit. It is so special that last
night Chuskit could not even sleep. Do you know why? Chuskit
is ten years old, but today she is going to school for the first
time. She has been waiting for this day since long.
Chuskit’s school is not very far from her house. You have to
take the big road and then walk along the lake. Cross the river
near the poplar trees, and then after a small climb, you reach
the school. This is how all the children of Skitpo Pul village reach
their school. All the children, but not Chuskit.
2019-20

Chuskit Goes to School
211
Chuskit amongst photographs from Ladakh
2019-20

Looking Around
212
ÖÖÖÖÖ How do you go to school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Find out where Ladakh is. What kind of a place is it?
At first Chuskit did not know that she was different from
other children. But slowly she found that she could not do the
things that other children could. It was because of her legs.
Since birth, Chuskit could not use her legs.
Chuskit’s ChairChuskit’s ChairChuskit’s ChairChuskit’s ChairChuskit’s Chair
All day, Chuskit used to sit near the window and draw pictures.
Her mother (Aama-le) said that Chuskit made the best drawings.
This made Chuskit happy. But Chuskit was happier when one
day her father (Aaba-le) got a chair which had wheels. She
quickly learnt how to sit in the chair and how to move it – back
and forth. Chuskit was so
happy because now she
did not need her father to
carry her everywhere.
When she wanted to go out
she would tell her mother
to put her in the wheel
chair. Now, she could
come outside on her own.
Chuskit would see the
other children every
morning. They would be
laughing and playing on
their way to school. She
wished that she could also
go with them.
2019-20

213
One day Abdul came to her house with a letter. When he saw
Chuskit, he asked her why she did not go to school. Chuskit told
him sadly, “I can not walk. Aaba-le cannot carry me all the way to
school everyday. I cannot even wheel my chair as the road to
school is not level. Also, how can I cross the river?”
Abdul asked, “But would you want to go to school if you
could?” Chuskit was excited. She said, “Of course I want to go
to school just like all of you. I want to study and play… .”
Her Meme-le (grandfather) stopped her and said, “Chuskit do
not dream. You know that this is not possible.”
ÖÖÖÖÖ What are the things that you enjoy doing in school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you like going to school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Would you like it if you never could go to school?
A Good IdeaA Good IdeaA Good IdeaA Good IdeaA Good Idea
Abdul went back from Chuskit’s house,
but he had started thinking of how to
get Chuskit to school. He explained
about Chuskit to the Headmaster and
talked to the teachers till they agreed
with his thoughts. Now everyone got
together to work so that Chuskit’s
problem could be solved. They made a
plan so that Chuskit could bring her
wheel-chair by road to school.
2019-20

Looking Around
214
For this, the uneven road had to be made level. One group of
children started to level the road. Another group worked to
level the area near the river. But there was still a problem. How
would Chuskit cross the river? The older children took help
from the teacher to make a small bridge with wood across the
river. Everyone happily worked hard. They wanted Chuskit to
come to school.
Chuskit’s Aama-le and Aaba-le gave hot tea and biscuits to
everyone. Chuskit’s Meme-le had tears in his eyes – not because
he was sad, but because he was very happy!
By the evening, the work was done. All the children were
happy. But the happiest of all was Chuskit. Her dream was about
to come true.
And today, it was that special day. Chuskit was all ready.
She was eager to go to school!
2019-20

215
Talkaboutit
ÖÖÖÖÖ Who all helped Chuskit to reach school?
ÖÖÖÖÖ If you were Abdul what would you have done?
ÖÖÖÖÖ At last, Chuskit could reach school. Do you think that she may
face some difficulties in school? What kind of difficulties? If you
were Chuskit’s friend, how would you help her?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you have ramps in your school on which a wheelchair can
move?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Do you know any child near your house who cannot go to school
because of some difficulty? Would you like to help such a child?
How will you help?
ÖÖÖÖÖ Look at the buildings around your house. Can a wheelchair go
inside the building?
Let us do
ÖÖÖÖÖ Draw pictures of a ramp and a wheelchair in your notebook.
ÖÖÖÖÖ Why not make your own bridge? For this, use material that you
can find around you – Ice cream sticks, plastic spoons, small
sticks, rope, string etc. Your friends can also make bridge.
ÖÖÖÖÖ In a group of friends make a model showing fields, rivers,
mountains, roads, and railway tracks, etc. You can use clay,
sand, pebbles, twigs, leaves. Place your bridges at different
positions on this model.
2019-20

Looking Around
216
Chuskit and her SchoolChuskit and her SchoolChuskit and her SchoolChuskit and her SchoolChuskit and her School
School
Help Chuskit to reach schoolHelp Chuskit to reach schoolHelp Chuskit to reach schoolHelp Chuskit to reach schoolHelp Chuskit to reach school
2019-20

E.V.S NCERT Class 4

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E.V.S NCERT Class 4