![Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
4.7. L Box Test Results (Passing Ability)
Table 6: L Box Blocking Ratio of SCC mixes
Sl.No MIX Blocking Ratio, h2/h1 Passing Ability Class as per EFNAARC 2005
1 SCC100 0.94 PA2
2 SCC7030 0.71 PA2
3 SCC6040 0.93 PA2
4 SCC5050 0.86 PA2
5 SCC4060 0.85 PA2
6 SCC702505 0.86 PA2
7 SCC603505 0.90 PA2
8 SCC504505 1.00 PA2
9 SCC405505 0.86 PA2
4.8. Discussions
• All the mixes except SCC7030 are suitable for many normal applications (e.g.walls, columns).
• Mixes SCC100 and SCC6040 will exhibit good filling ability even with congested reinforcement. It is
capable of self-levelling and generally has the best surface finish. However, it is more likely to suffer from
bleeding and segregation.
• All other mixes with increase in flow time are likely to exhibit thixotropic effects, which may be helpful in
limiting the formwork pressure or improving segregation.
• For mixesSCC7030, SCC504505 and SCC405505 time increase in V Funnel test at 5 minutes is more than
acceptable limit(3 seconds) as per EFNAARC 2002.
• All the mixes satisfied the passing ability characteristics in L box test (Blocking Ratio>=0.8)
• All the mixes satisfied the passing ability characteristics in U box test (H2-H1 =30mm).
V. Conclusion
• Optimization of chemical admixture dosage with binder helps in satisfying fresh properties of Self
Compacting Blended concrete with GGBS and ALCCOFINE.
• Problems of seggregation and bleeding in Self compacting concrete with higher replacement of OPC with
GGBS were eliminated using optimum dosage of chemical admixture at constant w/c ratio of 0.35 without
the usage of Viscocity Modifying Agent(VMA).
• Concrete with 60% GGBS showed higher values of flow compared with all other blended mixes.
• Higher GGBS content enhanced passing ability, filling ability of the SCC.
• Alccofine in combination with GGBS and OPC in the ternary blended mix satisfied all the fresh properties
of SCC as per EFNAARC guidelines.
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Under graduate students and management of JSSATE,
Bengaluru and ACSCE, Bengaluru during the experimental phase of the study.
References
[1] ShaikSabiyaSulthana, O. Nagaraju, J. Guru Jawahar., “Fresh Properties of Self Compacting Concrete using
fly ash and Alccofine”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, Vol.7(5S2),2019,
pp.463-466.
[2] MalvikaGautam, Dr. Hemant Sood, “Effect of Alccofine on strength characteristics of Concrete of different
grades-A Review” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, Issue.5, 2017, pp
2854-2857.
[3] Bletty Baby, Jerry Anto, Basil Johny, Sreenath, “Rheology, Strength and Durability Characteristics of
Alccofine Blended Fibre Reinforced Self Consolidating Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering
and Technology, Vol.7(3.12),2018,pp.209-213.
ISSN 1943-023X 204
Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20192041-210518143724/85/Experimental-Investigations-on-Fresh-Properties-of-Binary-and-Ternary-Blended-Self-Compacting-Concrete-6-320.jpg)
![Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019
[4] O.R. Kavitha, V.M. Shanthi, G. Prince Arulraj, P. Sivakumar “Fresh, micro and macro level studies of
metakaolin blended self-compacting concrete”, Applied Clay Science, ELSEVIER, Vol.114,2015, pp.370-
374.
[5] O.R. Kavitha, V.M. Shanthi, G. Prince Arulraj, P. Sivakumar “Fresh, micro and macrolevel studies of
metakaolin blended self-compacting concrete”, Applied Clay Science, ELSEVIER, Vol.114,2015, pp.370-
374.
[6] Ahmet Beyciog˘lu, H. Yılmaz Aruntas “Workability and mechanical properties of self-compacting
concretes containing LLFA, GBFS and MC”, Construction and Building Materials, ELSEVIER,
Vol.73,2014, pp.626–635.
[7] M.S. Pawar, A.C. Saoji “Effect of Alccofine on Self Compacting Concrete” The International Journal Of
Engineering And Science (IJES), Vol.2(6), 2013,pp.05-09.
[8] J. Guru Jawahar, M.M. Premchand,C. Sashidhar, I.V. Ramana Reddy and J. Annie Peter “Effect of Coarse
Aggregate Blending on Fresh Properties of Self Compacting Concrete”, International Journal of Advances
in Engineering & Technology, Vol.3(2), 2012, pp.456-466.
[9] MuctebaUysal, Kemalettin Yilmaz, MetinIpek “The effect of mineral admixtures on mechanical properties,
chloride ion permeability and impermeability of self-compacting concrete” Construction and Building
Materials, Vol.27,2012, pp.263-270.
[10] Mehmet Gesoglu, ErhanGuneyisi, Erdogan Ozbay “Properties of self-compacting concretes made with
binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume”
Construction and Building Materials,Vol.23,2009,pp.1847-1854.
[11] O. Boukendakdji, S. Kenai, E.H. Kadri, F. Rouis “Effect of slag on the rheology of fresh self-compacted
concrete” Construction and Building Materials, Vol.23,2009, pp.2593-2598.
[12] ErhanGuneyisi, Mehmet Gesoglu “Properties of self-compacting mortars with binary and ternary
cementitious blends of fly ash and metakaolin” Materials and Structures Vol.41,2008,pp.1519–1531.
[13] EFNAARC 2002: Specification and Guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete [13] EFNAARC 2005: The
European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete.
ISSN 1943-023X 205
Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20192041-210518143724/85/Experimental-Investigations-on-Fresh-Properties-of-Binary-and-Ternary-Blended-Self-Compacting-Concrete-7-320.jpg)
Experimental Investigations on Fresh Properties of Binary and Ternary Blended Self Compacting Concrete
- 1. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 Experimental Investigations on Fresh Properties of Binary and Ternary Blended Self Compacting Concrete B.H. Abdul Razak, Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru, India. Dr.D.L. Venkatesh Babu, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India. Abstract--- Binder-chemical admixture compatibility plays a vital role in deciding the performance of concrete especially in the fresh state. Optimum dosage of chemical admixture is helpful in controlling various fresh properties of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC) and avoiding the problems of segregation and bleeding in blended concrete with mineral admixtures such as Ground granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBS) and Alccofine(Ultrafine GGBS). The study focusses on optimization of chemical admixture dosage for binary and ternary blended concrete for the production of SCC. Various combinations of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete along with control mix(only OPC) are tested for workability properties for passing ability, filling ability and and resistance to segregation(V-Funnel Time). It was observed that concrete containing higher GGBS required lesser dosage of chemical admixture for satisfying workability properties as per EFNAARC guidelines. Alccofinewas added at 5% to compensate for hardened properties. Keywords--- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Alccofine, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC). I. Introduction Excess use of conventional concrete constituents leads to the depletion of the materials and also production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) leads to environmental pollutions. The research work is also aimed at replacing OPC with mineral admixtures such as Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and fine filler material Alccofine in order to produce concrete at lower cost with enhanced properties like low heat of hydration, improved durability, higher long term strength gain. Also manufactured sand (crushed stone sand) has been used in place of natural river sand for the economy and sustainability of construction. Binary Blended mixes at replacement of OPC with GGBS 30%,40%,50%,60% were tested. Ternary blended mixes of SCC702505(70% OPC, 25% GGBS, 5% Alccofine), SCC603505(60% OPC, 35%GGBS, 5% Alccofine), SCC504505(50% OPC, 45%GGBS, 5% Alccofine), SCC405505(40% OPC, 55%GGBS, 5% Alccofine) were tested for fresh properties of SCC as per EFNAARC. Control Mix was prepared with only OPC as binder. W/C ratio was kept constant at 0.35. II. Literature Review ShaikSabiyaSulthana, O. Nagaraju, J. Guru Jawahar(2019)(1) investigated fresh properties of ternary blended SCC using fly ash (FA) and alccofine (AF). Manufacturing of SCC was done win two categories to optimize the dosage of mineral admixtures. It was found that Alccofine usage at 10% satisfies most of the workability properties of SCC. MalvikaGautam and Dr. Hemant Sood(2018)(2)studied theeffect of alccofine on properties of concrete. It was observed that the strength of concrete was increased to a great extent at the replacement of 10%. BlettyBaby,JerryAntoetal.,(2018)(3) studied the effect of blending cement with fly ash and Alccofine on the fresh and hardened properties of micro steel fibre reinforced self consolidating concrete(SCC). It was observed that SCC with 10% replacement of Alccofine showed better results than other mixes. Mixes with Alccofine showed lesser weight loss when exposed to chlorine, sulphate and alkaline media compared to conventional SCC. O.R. Kavitha, V.M. Shanthietal(2015)(4) studied the fresh, micro and macro level properties of metakaoline blended self compacting concrete(SCC). Optimum replacement of Metkaoline for OPC was found to be 10% to satisfy the fresh properties of SCC. Addition of metakaoline reduced the crack width in concrete as observed in Scanned Electron Microscope(SEM) analysis. Ahmet Beycioglu, H. Yilmaz Aruntas(2014) (5) in their experimental investigation studied the effect of Low Lime Fly Ash (LLFA), Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and Micronized Calcite (MC) on both workability ISSN 1943-023X 199 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019
- 2. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 and mechanical properties of Self Compacting Concretes (SCCs). The study concluded that due to the spherical geometry and a smooth surface LLFA particles there was a significant a reduction in the water demand of SCCs. Substitution of LLFA and GBFS instead of total binder and the substitution of MC instead of total aggregate improved passing ability, viscosity and flowing ability of concrete. M.S. Pawar and A.C. Saoji(2013)(6) studied the use of the Alccofine powder to increase the amount of the fines and hence achieve self – compatibility of Self Compacting Concrete(SCC). It was observed that the addition of Alccofine in SCC mixes increased the self compatability characteristic like filling ability ,passing ability and .resistance to segregation. Fresh Properties and harden Properties of SCCs with 10% Alccofine are superior than SCCs with 5% and 15% of Alccofine. J. Guru Jawahar1, M.M. Premchandetal(2012)(7)investigated optimization of coarse aggregate blending or proportion in a given coarse aggregate volume of self compacting concrete (SCC).It was found that the coarse aggregate blending 40:60(20mm:10mm), 28% to 32% coarse aggregate content is the acceptable range for successful SCC criteria. MuctebaUysal,Kemalettin Yilmaz etal.(2012)(8) studied evaluation ofeffectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing self-compacting concrete (SCC). Fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), limestone powder (LP), basalt powder (BP) and marble powder (MP) were used as mineral admixtures. All the mixes satisfied the workability properties of SCC except V-Funnel test. Mehmet Gesoglu, ErhanGuneyisietal.,(2009)(9) conducted experimental study on properties of Self Compacting Concretes(SCCs) with binary, ternary and quaternary cementitious blends. The control mixture included only a Portland cement (PC) as the binder while the remaining mixtures incorporated binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of PC, fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and silica fume (SF). Binary blended concretes satisfied filling and passing ability of SCCs. Only ternary blended concrete (PC+SF+GGBS) satisfied the viscosity properties along with filling and passing ability as per EFNAARC. O. Boukendakdji, S. Kenai, E.H. Kadri, F. Rouis(2009)(10)studied the influence of Algerian slag on the properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete. An optimum slag content of 15% seems to give a good SCC mixture with workability retention of about 60 min. ErhanGuneyisi, Mehmet Gesoglu(2008)(11) investigated Properties of self-compacting mortars with binary and ternary cementitious blends of fly ash and metakaolin. It was found that ternary use of Fly Ash(FA) and Metakaoline(MK) satisfied all the fresh properties of SCC while binary blends OPC+MK prolonged the V-funnel flow time. III.Materials and Methodology 3.1 Materials Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 53 grade Cementitious materials: GGBS Alccofine Chemical Admixtures PCE based Super plasticizers Fine Aggregates: Manufactured sand Water: Potable water Coarse Aggregates: 12.5mm graded 3.2 Methodology In the present study following experimental study will be carried out. • Study on properties of concrete ingredients • Marsh cone analysis to check compatibility of chemical admixtures and to fix dosage • Experimental Investigation on fresh properties of binary and ternary Blended Self compacting concrete (SCC) as per EFNAARC. ISSN 1943-023X 200 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019
- 3. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 IV.Results and Discussions 4.1 Marsh Cone Test Results Table 1: Marsh Cone test results Sl.No MIX Optimum Dosage of Type-GSuper Plasticizer(ASTM C494) 1 SCC100 0.75% 2 SCC7030 0.65% 3 SCC6040 0.55% 4 SCC5050 0.50% 5 SCC4060 0.40% 6 SCC702505 0.55% 7 SCC603505 0.52% 8 SCC504505 0.52% 9 SCC405505 0.50% 4.2 Compatibilty Curves with Superplasticizer Graph 1: Compatibility of SCC 100 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 2: Compatibility of SCC 7030 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 3: Compatibility of SCC 6040 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 4: Compatibility of SCC 5050 mix with retarding super plasticizer 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% Flow time, sec Sperplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 100 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% 1.00% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 7030 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 6040 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 5050 ISSN 1943-023X 201 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019
- 4. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 Graph 5: Compatibility of SCC 4060 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 6: Compatibility of SCC 702505 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 7: Compatibility of SCC 603505 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 8: Compatibility of SCC 504505 mix with retarding super plasticizer Graph 9: Compatibility of SCC 405505 mix with retarding super plasticizer 40 45 50 55 60 65 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 4060 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 702505 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 603505 40 45 50 55 60 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 504505 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 0.00% 0.20% 0.40% 0.60% 0.80% Flow time, sec Retarding Superplasticizer Dosage COMPATIBILITY OF SCC 405505 ISSN 1943-023X 202 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019
- 5. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 4.3. Slump Flow by Abram’s Cone (Filling Ability) Table 2: Slump Flow of SCC mixes Sl.No MIX Flow,mm Slump Flow Class as per EFNAARC 2005 1 SCC100 736 SF2 2 SCC7030 760 SF3 3 SCC6040 725 SF2 4 SCC5050 717 SF2 5 SCC4060 723 SF2 6 SCC702505 720 SF2 7 SCC603505 703 SF2 8 SCC504505 725 SF2 9 SCC405505 703 SF2 4.4. T50CM Seconds (Filling Ability) Table 3: T 50CM SECONDS of SCC mixes Sl.No MIX T 50, sec Viscosity Class as per EFNAARC 2005 1 SCC100 2 VS1 2 SCC7030 5 VS2 3 SCC6040 2 VS1 4 SCC5050 4 VS2 5 SCC4060 3 VS2 6 SCC702505 5 VS2 7 SCC603505 5 VS2 8 SCC504505 5 VS2 9 SCC405505 4 VS2 4.5 J-RING Test Values (Passing Ability) Table 4: J Ring test results of SCC mixes Sl.No. MIX Difference in height of concrete, mm 1 SCC100 5 2 SCC7030 5 3 SCC6040 5 4 SCC5050 5 5 SCC4060 3 6 SCC702505 10 7 SCC603505 2 8 SCC504505 10 9 SCC405505 2 4.6. V Funnel Test Values (Filling Ability) Table 5: V Funnel Time of SCC mixes Sl.No MIX V Funnel time, sec Viscosity Class as per EFNAARC 2005 1 SCC100 7 VF1 2 SCC7030 12 VF2 3 SCC6040 8 VF1 4 SCC5050 10 VF2 5 SCC4060 5 VF1 6 SCC702505 11 VF2 7 SCC603505 5 VF1 8 SCC504505 10 VF2 9 SCC405505 7 VF1 ISSN 1943-023X 203 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019
- 6. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 4.7. L Box Test Results (Passing Ability) Table 6: L Box Blocking Ratio of SCC mixes Sl.No MIX Blocking Ratio, h2/h1 Passing Ability Class as per EFNAARC 2005 1 SCC100 0.94 PA2 2 SCC7030 0.71 PA2 3 SCC6040 0.93 PA2 4 SCC5050 0.86 PA2 5 SCC4060 0.85 PA2 6 SCC702505 0.86 PA2 7 SCC603505 0.90 PA2 8 SCC504505 1.00 PA2 9 SCC405505 0.86 PA2 4.8. Discussions • All the mixes except SCC7030 are suitable for many normal applications (e.g.walls, columns). • Mixes SCC100 and SCC6040 will exhibit good filling ability even with congested reinforcement. It is capable of self-levelling and generally has the best surface finish. However, it is more likely to suffer from bleeding and segregation. • All other mixes with increase in flow time are likely to exhibit thixotropic effects, which may be helpful in limiting the formwork pressure or improving segregation. • For mixesSCC7030, SCC504505 and SCC405505 time increase in V Funnel test at 5 minutes is more than acceptable limit(3 seconds) as per EFNAARC 2002. • All the mixes satisfied the passing ability characteristics in L box test (Blocking Ratio>=0.8) • All the mixes satisfied the passing ability characteristics in U box test (H2-H1 =30mm). V. Conclusion • Optimization of chemical admixture dosage with binder helps in satisfying fresh properties of Self Compacting Blended concrete with GGBS and ALCCOFINE. • Problems of seggregation and bleeding in Self compacting concrete with higher replacement of OPC with GGBS were eliminated using optimum dosage of chemical admixture at constant w/c ratio of 0.35 without the usage of Viscocity Modifying Agent(VMA). • Concrete with 60% GGBS showed higher values of flow compared with all other blended mixes. • Higher GGBS content enhanced passing ability, filling ability of the SCC. • Alccofine in combination with GGBS and OPC in the ternary blended mix satisfied all the fresh properties of SCC as per EFNAARC guidelines. Acknowledgements Authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Under graduate students and management of JSSATE, Bengaluru and ACSCE, Bengaluru during the experimental phase of the study. References [1] ShaikSabiyaSulthana, O. Nagaraju, J. Guru Jawahar., “Fresh Properties of Self Compacting Concrete using fly ash and Alccofine”, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, Vol.7(5S2),2019, pp.463-466. [2] MalvikaGautam, Dr. Hemant Sood, “Effect of Alccofine on strength characteristics of Concrete of different grades-A Review” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.4, Issue.5, 2017, pp 2854-2857. [3] Bletty Baby, Jerry Anto, Basil Johny, Sreenath, “Rheology, Strength and Durability Characteristics of Alccofine Blended Fibre Reinforced Self Consolidating Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.7(3.12),2018,pp.209-213. ISSN 1943-023X 204 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019
- 7. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2019 [4] O.R. Kavitha, V.M. Shanthi, G. Prince Arulraj, P. Sivakumar “Fresh, micro and macro level studies of metakaolin blended self-compacting concrete”, Applied Clay Science, ELSEVIER, Vol.114,2015, pp.370- 374. [5] O.R. Kavitha, V.M. Shanthi, G. Prince Arulraj, P. Sivakumar “Fresh, micro and macrolevel studies of metakaolin blended self-compacting concrete”, Applied Clay Science, ELSEVIER, Vol.114,2015, pp.370- 374. [6] Ahmet Beyciog˘lu, H. Yılmaz Aruntas “Workability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concretes containing LLFA, GBFS and MC”, Construction and Building Materials, ELSEVIER, Vol.73,2014, pp.626–635. [7] M.S. Pawar, A.C. Saoji “Effect of Alccofine on Self Compacting Concrete” The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES), Vol.2(6), 2013,pp.05-09. [8] J. Guru Jawahar, M.M. Premchand,C. Sashidhar, I.V. Ramana Reddy and J. Annie Peter “Effect of Coarse Aggregate Blending on Fresh Properties of Self Compacting Concrete”, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Vol.3(2), 2012, pp.456-466. [9] MuctebaUysal, Kemalettin Yilmaz, MetinIpek “The effect of mineral admixtures on mechanical properties, chloride ion permeability and impermeability of self-compacting concrete” Construction and Building Materials, Vol.27,2012, pp.263-270. [10] Mehmet Gesoglu, ErhanGuneyisi, Erdogan Ozbay “Properties of self-compacting concretes made with binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume” Construction and Building Materials,Vol.23,2009,pp.1847-1854. [11] O. Boukendakdji, S. Kenai, E.H. Kadri, F. Rouis “Effect of slag on the rheology of fresh self-compacted concrete” Construction and Building Materials, Vol.23,2009, pp.2593-2598. [12] ErhanGuneyisi, Mehmet Gesoglu “Properties of self-compacting mortars with binary and ternary cementitious blends of fly ash and metakaolin” Materials and Structures Vol.41,2008,pp.1519–1531. [13] EFNAARC 2002: Specification and Guidelines for Self Compacting Concrete [13] EFNAARC 2005: The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete. ISSN 1943-023X 205 Received: 12 Mar 2019/Accepted: 15 Apr 2019