Exploration1
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This document provides an overview of Native American cultures and their interactions with Europeans during the age of exploration. It discusses how early Native Americans migrated over the Bering Strait and had common social and religious characteristics like the importance of social groups and animism. It then outlines some of the key differences between cultures like their approaches to land, politics, and reciprocity. The document also summarizes the early European explorers to North America, including the Norse, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English and how their arrival impacted and influenced Native American societies through trade, religion, and disease.
Exploration1
- 2. • II. Native American Cultures • Early migrants over Bering Strait • Population • Common characteristics – Social groups important – Religion/Animism • Shaman • Rituals (sweats, vision guest, etc.) – Stereotyped by Europeans Jumano couple
- 3. • Agriculture & sedentary • Differences – Environment significant to society – Meso American Comanche family • Mayas • Aztecs – North American • • • • South-walled- communities Plains-teepees, travois S.W. Desert region-pueblos Eastern Woodland – Matriarchal matrilineal Mayan shaman about to perform a cha-chac ceremony: a petition to the god, Chac, to send rain
- 4. • Differences with Europeans – Land- communal v. individual – Complex political system – Reciprocity- individual v.social reciprocity • Division of Labor • European contact – – – – New products Christianity Miscegenation Disease
- 5. • III. The old world meets the new • Norsemen (985-1261) • Freydis • European Expansion (15th century) – – – – Motive- economic Creation of the Nation State Technology Social Conditions • IV. Exploration – Portuguese – Prince Henry the Navigator – Slave Trade • Old A Slave Market in Algiers, 1684 AD**
- 6. • Spanish – Columbus & New World – Abubacari’s Voyage – Spanish Conquest (1819-21) • • • • Hernan Cortez Malinche Martin Cortez Virgen de Guadalupe (1513) • French – Verrazano & Cartier – Ohio & Mississippi Valleys – Forts & Trade
- 7. • English & Delayed Expansion – Protestant Reformation (1517) • Martin Luther • John Calvin – Human helplessness examination – Predestination – Simple Ceremonies • Henry the VIII – – – – Church of England/Anglican Church (1537 Reform demanded by People Henry Dies 1547 Elizabeth as a Protestant Champion (1558-1603)