Explosive engineering
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The document summarizes a presentation on the influence of aluminum powder on Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) detonation parameters. It discusses how ANFO works, the properties of ANFO, what aluminized ANFO is, and how adding aluminum powder can increase energy levels while decreasing toxic gas emissions and enhancing blast wave performance compared to plain ANFO. Test results are shown on the effects of different aluminum powder concentrations on toxic gases, work ability, blast wave performance, and energy output. The conclusion is that adding aluminum powder to ANFO can increase energy levels while decreasing toxic gases and improving other detonation parameters.
Explosive engineering
- 1. Explosive Engineering Topic of presentation Aluminum powder influence on ANFO detonation parameters Group Members • 2012-min-07 • 2012-min-39
- 2. Contents What is ANFO What is aluminized ANFO Influence of aluminum powder on ANFO parameters Conclusion Q&A
- 3. What is ANFO • Blasting agent • Introduced in mid 1950s • Formation
- 4. Properties of ANFO Names of properties ANFO properties stability at ambient temperature Combustion Strong supporter Flammability Not flammable Nature Oxidizer
- 5. Aluminized ANFO 6NH4NO3 + CH2 + 2Al = Al2O3 + 6N2 + 13H2O + CO2
- 6. Influence of Al powder on ANFO
- 7. Influence on toxic gases ANFO-AL-1(WT%) ANFO-AL-2(WT%) ANFO-AL-3(WT%) 91.85 88.71 85.23 3.64 7.27 12.12 4.51 4.02 2.65 Explosive Components Porous AN Flacked Al Oil Flex 401 Explosive Amount (kg) NO2 (1/kg) CO(1/kg) ANFO-AL-1 0.550 5.22 5.53 ANFO-AL-2 0.550 3.75 8.67 ANFO-AL-3 0.550 0.93 7.43
- 8. Influence on work ability • Impulse density= Impulse/A • Impulse= F.t • I.D= mv/A = F.t/A • A= square surface of propelling probe • W= charge mass (kg) • M= mass of probe • V= velocity • T= time
- 9. Influence on blast wave performance • Voltage induces in sensors ∞ Pressure of Blast Wave Parameters Unit 137A21 137A22 Range Mpa 0-34.50 3-34.50 Resolution Kpa 0-0.69 3-0.69 Sensitivity mv/ kPa 0.145 1.45 Frequency kHz 500 500
- 10. Influence on energy Ammonium nitrate(%) Fuel oil(%) Effect Toxic gas Energy (kcal/kg) 92 8 Oxygen deficiency CO 810 96.6 3.4 Oxygen excess NO2 600 94.5 5.5 Ideal reaction No toxic gas 930 Ammonium nitrate(%) Fuel oil(%) Aluminum powder Energy (kcal/kg) 87.6 2.5 9.9 1320
- 11. Conclusion Increase the energy Decrease the toxic gases Increase work ability Enhance the blast wave performance
- 12. Questions ?