Extraction methods

- Extraction
involves the separation of
medicinally active constituents of a
plant or animal tissue from an
inactive or inert component by
using solvents and one of the
standard extraction procedures.

‫النباتات‬ ‫استخالص‬ ‫خطوات‬
•
‫النباتية‬ ‫اجزاء‬ ‫جمع‬
•
‫النبات‬ ‫صنف‬ ‫على‬ ‫التعرف‬

•
‫األتربة‬ ‫من‬ ‫تنظيف‬ ‫عملية‬
•
‫النباتية‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫تجفيف‬
•
‫النباتية‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫طحن‬

•
‫استخدام‬
‫المذيبات‬
‫المذيب‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخلصة‬ ‫الفعالة‬ ‫المجموعات‬
‫الغليان‬
Solvent
Alkoloids,Terpenoid,coumarins,Fatty acids
34.6
Ether
Terpenoids, Flavonoids
61.2
Chloroform
Phenol ,Flavonols
56.2
Aceton
Taninins, polyphenols, Flavonol,Terpenoids,
Sterols,Alkaloids
78.5
Ethanol
Anthocyanins, Terpenoids, Saponins,
Taninins,Xanthoxyllines, polyphenols
64.6
Methanol
Anthocyanins, Starches , Tanins, Saponins,
Terpenoids
100
Water

‫اختيارالمذيب‬
•
‫السمية‬ ‫منخفض‬
•
‫منخفضة‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التبخر‬ ‫سهل‬
•
‫للمستخلص‬ ‫السريع‬ ‫االمتصاص‬
•
‫عدم‬
‫تاثر‬
‫النبات‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫طبيعة‬ ‫على‬
((
‫كحول‬ ‫مزيج‬ ‫يعتبر‬
/
‫بنسب‬ ‫ماء‬
‫متفاوته‬
‫االفض‬ ‫المذيب‬
‫ل‬
‫عال‬ ‫استخالص‬ ‫مردود‬ ‫تعطي‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫القطبية‬ ‫للمواد‬
))

-Generally ,we can classify extraction
methods into two types:
*cold methods
* Hot methods

Extraction by Cold Method:
(
‫طويلة‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫النقع‬
)
‫التعطين‬
1) Maceration :
It is a process that includes soaking of
plant material with the solvent until
penetration of cellular structures take
place and the active constituent
softened and dissolved in the solvent .
(
25g plant+

25g plant
250 ml solvent
48 hours

*2) Percolation :
In this method , we are going to use special
apparatus that called percolator . The percolator
has a porous diaphragm at the bottom .The
procedure includes placing a powder plant
material in the percolator and start adding the
solvent from the upper end . While the solvent
going downward to extract as much as possible
the active constituent , then passing through the
diapharagm.

The plant material is much better to be soak by
the solvent a both ½ hours before starting the
procedure. The solvent used depend on the
active constituent .
The menstrum and the extract we got it called
percolate and the plant material left called mark
material

‫مساوئ‬
Percolation
•
‫االستخالص‬ ‫مدة‬ ‫طول‬
•
‫المحلول‬ ‫من‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫استهالك‬

Hot Method of Extraction
1) Infusion
In this method , we have special container called
infusion pot .This method used for extraction of
volatile oils. The procedure involves :
*placing the plant material in the infusion pot then we
add the solvent , which is boiling water , and cover
with a heavy lid that contains sieves .
*addition of the solvent , leave it for a while to permit
the extraction of the active constituent. During that
time , the volatile oils evaporated with steam ,
deposited and condensed on the lid.
We take the solvent, which contains the active
constituent .

‫الغلي‬
2) Decoction :
In this method
*we place the powdered plant material in a container
then add the solvent and place the containeron source of
heat or direct flame (direct or indirect heating).
* Agitating until the active constituent dissolved in the
solvent
This method usually used for hard plant material like
bark, stem and roots, which contain many fibers .
*The solvent used depends on the active constituent and
the source of heat e.g.:
Chloroform and ether can not be used because we use a
direct source of heat . The active constituent should be
heat stable.

3) Digestion :
In this method , the plant material placed
together with the solvent and we apply a gentle
heat so that the solvent will increase its power
for extraction and this method used in cases
where moderately elevated temperature is
required .

•
‫ثالثة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ساعتين‬
•
‫درجة‬
‫الحراره‬
40
-
50
‫م‬

soxhlet
Ordinary reflux
Consists from a round bottom
flask connected with extracting
chamber containing a thimble
and the extracting chamber
connected to the condenser.
Consists from a round
bottom flask connected
directly to a condenser
1
The plant material is placed in
the thimble separated from the
solvent.
The plant material is placed
together with the solvent in
the round bottom flask.
2
The extract does not require
filtration.
The extract require filtration.
3
The plant material not directly
exposed to heat
The plant material directly
exposed to heat
4

Soxhlet apparatus Ordinary reflux

Frees drayer
‫منخفض‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫الفعالة‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫تجفيف‬
50
-

‫االستخالص‬ ‫طريقة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المؤثرة‬ ‫العوامل‬
•
‫االستخالص‬ ‫طريقة‬
•
‫االستخالص‬ ‫وقت‬
•
‫الحرارة‬ ‫درجه‬
•
‫المذيب‬ ‫طبيعة‬
•
‫المذيب‬ ‫تركيز‬
•
‫القطبية‬
•
‫النباتية‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫تجهيز‬
•
‫المذيب‬ ‫الى‬ ‫النباتية‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫نسبة‬

‫لحضوركم‬ ‫شكرا‬

Extraction methods

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Extraction methods