F l wright
- 1. BY – REVATHI KUMARI (1AN15AT024) SANDHYA (1AN15AT025) 5TH SEM , B.ARCH AAAD
- 2. • Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. • Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment. • Influenced by the British Art and Craft Movement. • Influenced European modern architects. • Known for ‘Pairie Style’ architecture. • He created the philosophy of ‘Organic Architecture’, which maintains that the building must develop out of its surroundings. • The philosophy grew from the ideas of his mentor Louis Sullivan, who believed that “form follows function” , but he argued that “form and function are one” naturally form does so. • He was not concerned with architectural style because he believed that every building should grow naturally from its environment.
- 3. ROBIE HOUSE • The Frederick C. Robie House is a U.S. national historic landmark on the campus of the University of Chicago in the in Chicago, Illinois. • Built between 1909 and 1910, the building was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of the Parairie School style, the first architectural style considered uniquely American. • Prairie School was a late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural style, most common to the Midwestern United States. • The style is usually marked by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration with the landscape, solid construction, craftsmanship, and discipline in the use of ornament. • The Prairie School developed in sympathy with the ideals and design aesthetics of the Arts and Crafts Movement • The Prairie School shared an embrace of handcrafting and craftsman guilds as a reaction against the new assembly line, mass production manufacturing techniques, which they felt created inferior products and dehumanized workers. • The Prairie School was also an attempt at developing an indigenous North American style of architecture that did not share design elements and aesthetic vocabulary with earlier styles of European classical architecture.
- 4. INTERIOR • In plan, the house is designed as two large rectangles that seem to slide by one another. • Mr. Wright referred to the rectangle on the southwest portion of the site, which contains the principal living spaces of the house, as "the major vessel." • The rectangle on the northeast portion of the site, called "the minor vessel," contains the more functional and service-related rooms of the house. On the first floor is the main door and entrance hall (west end) from which a stairway leads to the second floor living and dining rooms. • Materials repeated on inside creates texture- Hormonious use of materials. • Ceiling , wall and floor planes all emphasize the horizontal. • Vertical panes in contrast to the horizontal effect created by repetition of windows.
- 5. EXTERIOR Even though the horizontal plane is the dominant characteristic of Wright's designs there is still a complex arrangement of space as demonstrated by the 3-dimensional quality of the facade. • Broad, gently sloping roofs with low chimneys, balconies and terraces extending in several directions. • Emphasis on natural materials-woods stone. Leaded windows patterned with colored glass. Bands of casement windows. • Wood strips to emphasize structural elements horizontal lines. windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration with the landscape. • solid construction & indigenous materials. • Chicago common brick core with a red-orange iron-spotted Roman brick veneer was used for construction. • To further emphasize the horizontal of the bricks, the horizontal joints were filled with a cream-colored mortar and the small vertical joints were filled with brick-colored mortar. From a distance, this complex and expensive tuckpointing creates an impression of continuous lines of horizontal color and minimizes the appearance of individual bricks.
- 6. FALLING WATER • Fallingwater or the Kaufmann Residence is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania • The home was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section • The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966. • One problem of building was that the north bank of Bear Run was not large enough to provide a foundation for a typically built Wright house. A cantilevered structure was used to address this. • The house is well-known for its connection to the site; it is built on top of an active waterfall which flows beneath the house. • The fireplace hearth in the living room integrates boulders found on the site and upon which the house was built — ledge rock which protrudes up to a foot through the living room floor was left in place to demonstrably link the outside with the inside. • The stone floors are waxed, while the hearth is left plain, giving the impression of dry rocks protruding from a stream. • Bedrooms are small, some with low ceilings to encourage people outward toward the open social areas, decks, and outdoors
- 7. • Wright had planned in the beginning to have the house blend into its natural settings in rural Pennsylvania. In doing this, he limited his color choices to two colors, light ochre for the concrete and his signature Cherokee red for the steel. • On the hillside above the main house stands a four-bay carport, servants' quarters, and a guest house. The guest quarters feature a spring-fed swimming pool which overflows and drains to the river below. • From the cantilevered living room, a stairway leads directly down to the stream below, and in a connecting space which connects the main house with the guest and servant level, a natural spring drips water inside, which is then channeled back out. • Columns and beams to form porches, and the plates, the horizontal elements that stretch as terraces on the waterfall, were made of concrete
- 10. INTRODUCTION Architect Frank lloyd wright Location 1071 fifth avenue, newyork Date 1956-1959 Building type Art museum Construction system Reinforced concrete Style Contemporary style Annual visitors 3 millions -Solomen R. Guggenheim museum is the first permanent museum (rather than converted from a private house) built in usa. -Frank was commissioned to design a building to house the museum of non-objective painting. -This building was immediately recognized as an architectural landmark and most important building of FL wright’s late career.
- 11. CONCEPT OF GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM • Its design was inspired by a “ziggurat” Babylonian temple pyramid, inverted. • The principle “form and function are one” . According is wright’s design, visitors would enter the building, take an elevator to the top and enjoy continuous art-viewing experience while descending along the spiral ramp.
- 12. Use of geometric form in plan • Most buildings contain interior spaces that are rectilinear and for wright, geometry is the basic building of nature. • Frank Lloyd wright thought in curves and straight lines wjich is helding symbolic significance i.e, • Triangles-for structural unity • Circles –suggested infinity • Spiral – organic process • Square –integrity
- 13. Plan and section details • rising 92' in height to an expansive glass dome. • Along the sides of this atrium is a continuous ramp uncoiling upwards six stories for more than one-quarter of a mile, allowing for one floor to flow into another. • The ramp also creates a procession in which a visitor experiences the art displayed along the walls as they climb upwards towards the sky. • The design of the museum as one continuous floor with the levels of ramps overlooking the open atrium also allowed for the interaction of people on different levels, enhancing the design in section. section plan
- 15. INTRODUCTION • Wright wanted it to be a “living” building, a free and open space that would be a stimulating place of work. Later , he said of this building “there in the Johnson building you catch no sense of enclosure whatever at any angle, top or sides… interior space comes free, you are not aware of any boxing in at all. Restricted space simply is not there. Right there where you’ve always experienced this interior construction you take a look at the sky!” • Wright was inspired to create the dendriform columns by observing that tress in a forest generate space and allows light to enter easily • this is the world headquarters and administration building • The Johnson building and tower are on the register of national historic places.