Fa1zanS: Cardiovascular system basics and Summary (Easily illustrated)
Download as PPT, PDF8 likes372 views
The cardiovascular system is a closed system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that delivers oxygen and nutrients while removing waste. The heart, located in the thorax, has four chambers and various valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow, and it has its own blood supply through coronary circulation. Blood vessels are structured with three layers and play a role in transporting blood throughout the body.
![The Heart: Cardiac Output
• Cardiac output (CO)
– Amount of blood pumped by each side of the
heart in one minute
– CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV])
• Stroke volume
– Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one contraction](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/cardiovascularsystembyfaizan-180323191436/85/Fa1zanS-Cardiovascular-system-basics-and-Summary-Easily-illustrated-14-320.jpg)
Fa1zanS: Cardiovascular system basics and Summary (Easily illustrated)
- 1. The Cardiovascular System Name : Faizan Siddiqui Group : 19-A OSH STATE UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL FACULTY
- 2. The Cardiovascular System • A closed system of the heart and blood vessels – The heart pumps blood – Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body • The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
- 3. The Heart • Location – Thorax between the lungs – Pointed apex directed toward left hip • About the size of your fist
- 4. The Heart: Coverings • Pericardium – a double serous membrane – Visceral pericardium - Next to heart – Parietal pericardium - Outside layer • Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium
- 5. The Heart Wall: 3 layers • Epicardium • Outside layer • This layer is the parietal pericardium • Connective tissue layer • Myocardium • Middle layer • Mostly cardiac muscle • Endocardium • Inner layer • Endothelium
- 6. External Heart Anatomy Figure 11.2a
- 7. The Heart: Chambers • Right and left side act as separate pumps • Four chambers – Atria • Receiving chambers – Right atrium – Left atrium – Ventricles • Discharging chambers – Right ventricle – Left ventricle Figure 11.2c
- 9. The Heart: Valves • Allow blood to flow in only one direction • Four valves – Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles • Bicuspid valve (left) • Tricuspid valve (right) – Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve
- 10. The Heart: Valves • Valves open as blood is pumped through • Held in place by chordae tendineae (“heart strings”) • Close to prevent backflow
- 11. The Heart: Associated Great Vessels • Aorta - leaves left ventricle • Pulmonary arteries - leave right ventricle • Vena cava - enters right atrium • Pulmonary veins (four) - enter left atrium
- 12. Coronary Circulation • Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium • The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system – Coronary arteries – Cardiac veins – Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus
- 13. The Heart: Cardiac Cycle • Cardiac cycle – events of one complete heart beat – Mid-to-late diastole – blood flows into ventricles – Ventricular systole – blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood – Early diastole – atria finish re-filling, ventricular pressure is low
- 14. The Heart: Cardiac Output • Cardiac output (CO) – Amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute – CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume [SV]) • Stroke volume – Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction
- 15. Cardiac Output Regulation Figure 11.7
- 16. Blood Vessels: The Vascular System • Taking blood to the tissues and back – Arteries – Arterioles – Capillaries – Venules – Veins Figure 11.8a
- 17. Blood Vessels: Anatomy • Three layers (tunics) – Tunic intima: • Endothelium – Tunic media • Smooth muscle • Controlled by sympathetic nervous system – Tunic externa • Mostly fibrous connective tissue