Anatomy Unit 2: Heart Anatomy & Function Notes
- 1. UNIT 2 NOTES: Heart Anatomy & Basic Function
- 2. (1) Cardiac Tissues • Outermost = Pericardium & Epicardium – Pericardium is a membrane anchoring heart to diaphragm and sternum – Pericardium secretes lubricant (serous fluid) – Epicardium is outermost muscle tissue • Middle = Myocardium – Contains contractile muscle fibers • Innermost = Endocardium – Lines Cardiac Chambers
- 5. (2) The Chambers • Human heart has 4 chambers – 2 Atria (1 on the left, 1 on the right) • Superior Chambers = Primary Receiving Chambers (do not actually pump) • Blood flows into atria – 2 Ventricles (1 on the left, 1 on the right) • Inferior Chambers = Pump the Blood • Contraction = blood sent out of heart + circulated • Chambers are separated by septum
- 7. Deoxygenated Blood …To the lungs Oxygenated Blood …To the rest of the body
- 8. (3) Pulmonary Circulation • Pulmonary = Deoxygenated Blood • Involves Right Side of Heart • PPaatthhwwaayy:: 1. Superior / Inferior Vena Cava 2. Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve 3. Right Ventricle Pulmonary Semilunar Valve 4. Left Pulmonary Artery 5. Lungs
- 10. (4) Systemic Circulation • Systemic = Oxygenated Blood • Involves Left Side of Heart • PPaatthhwwaayy:: 1. Left Pulmonary Vein 2. Left Atrium Bicuspid Valve 3. Left Ventricle Aortic Semilunar Valve 4. Aorta 5. All Other Tissues
- 13. (5) The Valves • The AV Valves: – AV = atrioventricular = between the atrium and ventricles – Tricuspid Valve • Right Side – Bicuspid / Mitral Valve • Left Side • The Semilunar Valves: – Semilunar = between the ventricles and arteries exiting the heart – Pulmonary Semilunar Valve • Right Side • Exiting out the pulmonary artery going to the lungs. – Aortic Semilunar Valve • Left Side • Exiting out the aorta going to working tissues.
- 15. (6) The Valves & Heart Pumping • When the heart is relaxed… – Blood passively fills atrium – Flows right past tricuspid / bicuspid valves – Semilunar Valves remain shut • When the heart contracts (pumps)… – Tricuspid / Bicuspid valves swing up and shut – Blood ejected out of ventricle – Semilunar Valves open up