Facilitating Online Interaction 4 Learning Resource Slides

Editor's Notes

• #2: This slide deck is not and was never intended as a presentation. It is a set of resources I put together to draw upon in a series of workshops on facilitating online learning I did in November and December 2011 in Victoria and Tasmania states, Australia. These will make little sense as either a linear flow or as a stand alone set of resources. I have done my best to annotate them so people who were in the workshop have something to refer back to. Thanks!
• #3: I did not prepare set agendas for any of the workshops. I prepared options for “get to know” exercises and for working on specific issues through case clinics and a method called “reverse brainstorming.”
• #18: More methods can be found here: http://www.kstoolkit.org/KS+Methods
• #19: At many of the introduction workshops, I asked the group’s indulgence to frame my approach with a “community of practice” lens. I recognize that the definition of “social learning” is a bit limiting. What I’m referring to is the social aspects of learning. This is my “catch all” for learning with and from other people.” See http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/resp1/ for background on social learning.
• #20: I shared two images from Keith McCandless which help show the shifts we are experiencing in society at large and which can and are (in some cases) happening in teaching and learning. Look not so much at the details of both of these slides, but the differences between Keith’s colums of “conventional” and “CAS” (Complex Adaptive Systems). Keiths other work, by the way, is great and worth a look. Check out his “liberating structures” http://socialinvention.net/LiberatingStructuresHome.aspx
• #21: Source: Keith McCandless http://socialinvention.net
• #22: It helps to have a framework and a language as we design, execute and evaluate our communities. It gives us a shared language. This model comes from the communities of practice literature (Etienne Wenger, Jean Lave and others – see http://www.ewenger.com/theory/index.htm for a starter) and gives a nice three way view. We have “What we care about,” “WHO cares about it” and “What we do together around this thing we care about together!” Said more succinctly: who, what, how. Now throughout this workshop, I will draw on theory, but I’m a practitioner and in the end, I want things I can PRACTICE. So I’ll bookend everything with practical tips. If you aren’t getting what you need – speak up. So here is the first tip. Communities are always changing. If they aren’t, it’s worth asking “is it time to mix things up a bit?” But let me add a caution. Don’t mix all of these three things up at once. That creates too much instability and confusion. For example, switching up practices can get things flowing. Bringing in new people (or gently encourage those who have outgrown the community to leave) is useful to do now and again. (Hat tip to Etienne Wenger and John Smith for that advice!)
• #23: We can also use the more formal language from the communities of practice literature. The point is, we need some shared language, OK?
• #24: As in anything, if we have some sense of what we are trying to do, we can use that to drive our pre-assessment, design, implementation and evaluation of our work. It doesn’t have to be totally fixed or extremely detailed. But if we have no direction… well, you know what happens! Sometimes that “kismet” is great, but most of our institutions are not going to support that.
• #25: I say “we” but institutionally that might mean what the government or a client cares about, what leaders or administration care about, what teachers and facilitators care about or even WHAT LEARNERS care about!
• #26: Purpose might start broadly and get refined. Or the other way around. If you are teaching something year over year, it is important to ask “has WHAT we cared about changed? Become broader or narrower?” We often start with “big umbrella” purpose statements. But after some experimentation, we can better learn what is useful and important to people. What we say gets them “jumping out of bed” in the morning willing to dedicate some time and attention to their community. http://www.flickr.com/photos/slieschke/2271415384/
• #27: I have an old resource I often share called the “Purpose Checklist.” You can find the generic version here http://www.fullcirc.com/resources/online-community-toolkit/online-community-purpose-checklist/ and a version I made for these workshops here: https://onlinefacilitation.wikispaces.com/Purpose+Checklist+AU By the way, WIFM stands for “what’s in it for me”
• #28: It is harder to “build” online communities today than five years ago because people can and do already belong to many of them. Our problem used to be that few were familiar and comfortable interacting online. Now the challenge is they are too busy interacting online --- somewhere else. So ask yourself: before you develop a walled online community approach to a course, is there someplace these learners are already gathered and interacting that you can “piggy back” on to?
• #29: : solo, pairs, triads, P2P, networks and “adjacent opportunities”
• #30: If we consider that “communities” aren’t the only form available to us, we can see some patterns emerge, including small groups for deeper, more interdependent work (like task teams), open, more network like structures to scale out across larger sets of people; the relationship between size, time sequence and community design, and finally, a reflection: we should design to balance our investments and returns. Figure out when you should go simple, fast and run with it, and when you should do a deeper design process. Both are legitimate depending on the context!
• #31: Some examples/decision tree
• #32: We can look at time as a variable in our community design and deployment. I characterize short term communities as having a discernable beginning, middle and end around a specific purpose, outcome or activity. For example, there is a major event or initiative and a community is set up around that event. There is a very clear target audience and a defined set of activities. These time-delimited communities can be very successful because people are more easily willing to commit for set action items within defined time ranges. They have a sense of their ability to say yes. These can also be seeds for longer term communities if there is sufficient attention to relationship and evolving with and to member needs over time, or they may simply be ended and archived. Both are realistic strategies. Some communities start open-ended with a broad topic and a wide invitation to participants. This strategy often builds on the aggregation of content that might be useful in this topic area and people come, browse content and some interact. It is a way to build general interest and begin to affiliate with others interested in the topic. This strategy can be thought of as building or tapping into a network of people interested in something. Once established, there is a critical strategic choice to be made: continue to use resources to keep the information hub going (as a service) or begin to cultivate and weave relationships to move people from information browsing to some other kind of interaction. This might be identification of sub-communities of interest, attracting experts who might be willing to share their knowledge etc. The key thing about this approach is within about a year, there needs to be an assessment and decision about the next phase or you end up simply providing content. A third less common but very useful pattern is launching with small experiments and smaller numbers of members. This strategy is good for complex or emerging situations where you are not entirely sure of any of the three legs of the stool, but sense an opportunity for engaging people. You facilitate people designing and doing small community experiments with each other – generally time delimited with a clear beginning, middle and end. A useful practice is to do a mid point review and support changes and iterations. At the end of the experiment, evaluate and then amplify what works and stop what isn’t working. This is a useful form for places of both uncertainty and where you want to foster both innovation and member ownership. Sponsor goals are looser and more flexible.
• #33: There are a variety of ways to look at design and structure. The bottom line is, when we have a way to look at and talk about our communities, we can do our work with more intentionality. So regardless of the framework , you adopt, it is useful to HAVE a framework. It helps us remember to think about strategy, implementation and reflection/evaluation. (This presentation does not go deeply into the latter – and probably should!)
• #34: Adapted from the Community Roundtable deck (used with permission). The Community Roundtable is a professional group focused on online community management. They offer research materials, seminars and the like. I told Rachel Happe, one of the principals, about this workshop and she was happy to let me use some of the slides from her deck. Thanks, Rachel! This one helps us think about the relationship between purpose (WHAT we do) and size of community. Their research suggests that higher levels of complexity require smaller sized communities, while less complex contexts can have a larger number of members. To me this also guides our facilitation strategies. In a task focused context, project management is a focus. In information sharing, organization of content (i.e curation, tagging, etc.) would predominate. So we start layering here --- getting away from “one size fits all” and instead look for patterns that help inform our design and support of a community. Let’s look at a few more patterns. http://community-roundtable.com/
• #35: Here is a really interesting set of perspectives, again from the Community Roundtable. One thing I’d caution is this progression makes the assumption that moving to the right is “better” than “staying on the left.” I’d counter that it really depends on the type of community. But simply by scanning across this, we can consider perhaps soe different possibilities and perspectives for our communities. It is easy to stay stuck in one pattern – perhaps the one you first experienced or the fairly basic mandate you started with – and miss how your community can evolve.
• #37: We usually say we are talking about teachers and students. But I think it is more than that.
• #39: (who w/ whom, trust, role modeling, failure, reciprocity, small things, safe/fail, yes…AND, offers & blocks, questions, public/private, social contracts & transparency)
• #40: Do we have the right people. One observation I had about many of the communities I’ve observed is that they started with a big, broad topic and threw the doors open. Or they appointed focal points from various organizational areas to be members… and those people either saw it as an obligation, or weren’t really practitioners of the domain themselves, so couldn’t really get the practice part of the community. Ask yourself… do you have the people who you need strategically? There are also some challenging sub audiences to engage online for many of you, like busy policy makers! They may need smaller, more private and time-limited engagements. http://www.flickr.com/photos/swissrolli/2167756791/ Uploaded on January 5, 2008 by swissrolli
• #42: Hub and Spoke vs Network intimacy and scale
• #43: As we look at both design, deployment and evaluation, the reality is often that we have “three bosses” --- three perspectives we have to harmonize at some level. I’ve found it really helps if we keep these in mind early on – especially in initial design and in early design of a monitoring and evaluation approach. Each of these perspectives are critical. Sometimes they may be shared and sometimes contradictory. Sponsors may want members to do something they have no interest in doing. Facilitators may feel unappreciated by both sponsors and members. By being able to step back and consider each perspective, we are more likely to bring the shared desires to the forefront and minimize the disconnects.
• #44: By sponsors, we most often mean someone in a leadership position in an organization, a department or division or an organization itself. Sometimes sponsors are simply people who want to see something happen. Sponsors need to know they are investing in the right things and that those things are being done well. Those responsible for communities and networks should have a clear agreement with sponsors on goals, resources that can be provided, clarity on what will be measured, evaluated and how, and clarity on what the sponsor wants to be informed on in an ongoing manner. These can, and often should be, modified over time. Creating them at the start provides clarity that helps all involved. The only time the sponsor perspective is not strongly represented is when a community is formed informally or intentionally “under the radar” to protect an emergent idea that may not be ready for full organizational exposure. Of course, there are risks to this approach, but many successful communities emerged, rather than being mandated from above. 
• #45: Facilitators and community leaders are both key in making things happen in a community or network. Typically the facilitators have a clearly defined role, often supported in some way by their organization. Community leaders, on the other hand, are most often volunteers. Both play vital roles in a community and often they share a similar perspective. (However, when you go to a more detailed level of analysis, I’d split these apart!) Facilitators and leaders are task focused and thus value role and task definition. What should I be doing? How? By when. Sometimes this means training and support from more experienced facilitators. It means allocating time. One thing that is often missing for them is feedback on how they are doing and what value they are adding. This is critical for sustainability.
• #46: Finally, but most importantly, we have the member perspective. There is no community without the members. No network. Today people can participate in so many communities that their level of engagement is spread thin. So the most important question we have to ask – and keep asking – is the purpose of our community valuable and relevant to members? Are the activities worth the time and attention it takes members to participate? Once we have achieved relevance for them, what kind of engagement is needed to help the community fulfill its potential?
• #47: How often do we explicitly talk about power? Consider it in our designs? This turned out to be a topic many brought up and engaged with across the workshops.
• #49: Engagement & Support (Design, DNA, formal/informal, lurking, small/delimited to complex, rhythms, S/F experimentation,, power, making invisible more explicit)
• #51: I made a design suggestion at some of the workshops that we blend support, encouragement and learning outcomes together. What I mean by this is don’t do something stand alone to orient people to a new tool. Use the orientation as a moment of relationship building, learning or evaluation. People seem to be especially bored and turned off when guided through a tool step by step. They remember little. And once you start losing people’s attention, you have a probloem!
• #52: Another lens is that of formality/informality. I came across this set of observations in the Harvard Business Review and thought it would be useful to share because you, coming from a large organization, AND working with very diverse constituents from around the world may often work with organizational expectations of formality. What this article helps us remember is that we need both formal and informal and communities – where people come together – can often be a nexus point for the informal. Now, this can often be interpreted as the “fluffy bunny” stuff – you know, emotions, relationships and such. I work with a lot of scientists and economists and there is a tendency for some to shy away from this language. Yet when we look at their practices, they do this all the time. They just talk about it differently. The bottom line for community facilitators and managers is you need to attend to social practice as well as the subject matter.
• #53: See http://www.slideshare.net/choconancy/triangulating-our-professional-development
• #54: We can even approach community faciltiation from a gaming perspective. I adapted this from Amy Jo Kim’s work on game dynamics to think about how a member “advances” deeper into a community over time. http://www.slideshare.net/amyjokim/smart-gamification-social-game-design-for-a-connected-world?
• #55: When we look at the trajectories of some existing communities, we see a couple of useful patterns around STRATEGY.
• #56: See http://christytucker.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/lurking-or-legitimate-peripheral-participation/
• #57: I threw this slide in to be slightly provocative… We know: People Are Busy: what they do on the community has to matter to them. There is also the “Pareto” principle which states that 10% of a community represents 90% of the community activity. Actually, in very large, open communities, that may be as much as 99%/1%! But lets look at this a bit more critically. Should this be the case every time or are there times when we want to intentionally increase the participation ratio? I’d say for team work, tasks, short term events we should and can increase that percentage. Should we worry about the others who don’t participate, the so called lurkers? Are they a cost? I’d suggest that if your lurkers are reading, learning and taking ideas away into their work, you have a strong and important PERIPHERY. However, it is hard to measure the effectiveness of that periphery short of contacting and asking people. But we know they are valuable.
• #58: Activities (clarity, iterative, good questions, showing work/product, scaling conversation, linking activities to learning goals, debriefs.)\\ Spidergram
• #59: Moving past the WHO and on to the third leg -- finally, there is the action – what we do together around the thing we care about with each other. A nice shorthand is to think of this as the set of activities that support our purpose. This can be a broad range of things like web meetings, web based discussions, blogging together, writing something together on a wiki, teaching each other things, sharing case studies and stories, mentoring each other, inviting in new members, taking on specific roles, sharing great content. It is the stuff we do together. When designing, managing and facilitating, these activities are the building blocks of our work. We can see them across time as a calendar of activities. New communities really need to focus on specific, structured activities to get people engaged and invested. Informal or well established communities may generate much of this on their own. In fact, that is a great sign of success when the community becomes a hive of self-organized activity. There is an old saying, “if you build it they will come.” Well, they may drop by for a visit, but if there is nothing happening, they won’t stay and you will have an empty shell. There is a second layer of “what we do together” that is also important – how people apply what they learn out in the world, out in their work. In the end, your communities are not there just to be there. They exist to support change in the world. So activities that help members share and reflect on how they apply what they learn can be crucial. Let’s look at a few examples.
• #60: Here are some other examples of activities.
• #62: http://www.flickr.com/photos/josefdunne/4319306255/sizes/z/in/photostream/ http://www.cognitive-edge.com/blogs/dave/2007/11/safefail_probes.php Read Dave’s article on Safe Fail – this is a great way to explore areas where you are not certain of the outcome, where you or your institution sense some risk or vulnerabilities or where things are really complex.
• #63: There are many forms that include this perspective on connecting. CoPs Connecting domains Safe fail experimentation Open Ed PBL Occupy hand signals
• #64: In our research of CoPs we noticed 9 general patterns of activities that characterized a community’s orientation. Most had a mix, but some were more prominent in every case. We can organize these into a little measuring tool called a spider gram as a way to assess, and plan for our communities. Image: Wenger, White and Smith, Digital Habitats: stewarding technology for communities, 2009 See http://www.fullcirc.com/2009/03/31/digital-habitats-community-orientation-spidergram-activity/ for the full Spidergram activity pack
• #65: Here are the main activity orientations we found in our research.
• #66: Here is an example of a spidergram of one of my main professional communities, Knowledge Management for Development or KM4Dev (http://www.km4dev.org). KM4Dev is a global network of practitioners interested in knowledge management and knowledge sharing in international development. Over 1200 members are subscribed to the email list which had it’s origins in July 2000. Another 1100 are registered on a NING site. It is both a well established but loosely bounded network that interacts primarily online, with once a year meetings that a small subset attend.
• #67: Here is an example drawn from the book “Red-Tails in Love: Pale Male’s Story -- A True Wildlife Drama in Central Park” by Marie Winn. Vintage Books, 2005 The book tells of a community of bird watchers in Central Park and exquisitely describes their practices. This is a predominantly face to face group that might use some social media, but not as their central way of interacting. They are a large, diverse group, but tightly geographically bound to Central Park in New York City. They might fill this spidergram differently than I might, but this is just an example! Image: Wenger, White and Smith, 2007
• #68: Here the KM4Dev spidergram is compared to a completely unrelated community of birdwatchers, just for fun. You can see how different groups have different priorities. It is a bit like a community activity “finger print.” The next step is to think about what facilitation approaches tools support the different orientations.
• #69: When reviewing the some communities, I noticed some encouraged people to contribute content. In the strongest communities, people got a lot of feedback on their contributions, which was terrific. But in some cases, people received no feedback or comments on their content. I notice that without feedback – even a simple thank you, people stop contributing. Just a little tip!
• #70: What was interesting was that these orientations had implications beyond communities. They could be a useful analysis, diagnostic and measurement tool for the application of social media to an organization’s work.
• #71: Why don’t you try doing a spidergram for your community, then discuss it with a colleague. Notice you may both see the community slightly differently. This is common!
• #74: While activities are the heartbeat of the community, another important set of practices is how we facilitate to engage and activate members.
• #75: Classical group facilitation has a clear role in facilitating online communities. We can and should use our offline knowledge of group facilitation in many contexts online. Working, learning and interacting online all reflect a continuum of processes, tools and experiences. In order to make it a bit easier to talk about, Michelle Moussou and I developed a model to talk about four main frameworks and 9 processes. Somewhat of an artificial construct – but it gives you something to “hang on to” to initiate discussions of how to facilitate online interaction. The inside is reflective of the content we are offering – how to facilitate online. But the frameworks on the outer ring may have broader applicability to learning environments and the inner processes can reflect the online learning experience. This is particularly true if you adopt a more facilitative vs. “teaching” approach. For example, if you want to use group projects as a learning tool, the issues of sociability, relationship and trust are worth exploring as groundwork to enable group work. Make sense? Here is a key idea to keep in mind: There is always a tension between control and emergence. Between what we intend as facilitators/teachers and what the participant brings to the table. Between individual and group. Between what works for one and what works OK for the larger group (learning styles, etc.). Between what we know and what we don’t know. Between the comfort of what we know, and the opportunity of what we don’t!
• #76: We can learn from many inspiring sources
• #77: Classical facilitation also has a key assumption: there is a defined group of people. But with online opportunities, we are often working with much less defined and affiliated groups of people, asking us to consider facilitation from a network perspective. In open networks, people are less apt to build shared agreements, and conform to them. Power is distributed so people can skip around anything they don’t like, making it difficult to create a fully shared experience. If this is the reality, then we need to use the strengths of the open context, rather than let it be a barrier. ODI and many other organizations have been looking at how to effectively use networks. Value of networks: Enrique Mendazibal ODI working paper http://www.odi.org.uk/Rapid/Projects/PPA0103/Functions.html
• #78: In the MOOC experience I mentioned, I also talked about the Social Artist. http://www.michelemmartin.com/thebambooprojectblog/2011/11/learning-careers-and-social-artistry.html amplifies on a post I had written earlier for the #Change11 MOOC http://www.fullcirc.com/2011/11/08/reflecting-on-socialartists-and-change11/ which gives some good background. There are two definitions, on from Etienne Wenger and one from Jean Houston. Wenger’s is in relationship to learning (a social artist is a person "enabling social learning spaces”), Houston’s is broader but the resonate with each other. Valerie did an AMAZING recap of the week here: http://bit.ly/sD3A0V watch it – fabulous! Here are a few more blog posts from the Change11 week on Social Artistry. See also the twitter hashtag #socialartist http://www.tweetdoc.org/View/28168/Tweets-from-change11-about-socialartists http://www.transgnosis.com/change11-social-artist-and-collectiveintelligence/ http://www.fullcirc.com/2011/11/08/reflecting-on-socialartists-and-change11/ https://worklearn.wordpress.com/2011/11/02/social-artists-ends-up-being-about-mooc-design-change11-socialartist/   http://suifaijohnmak.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/change11-social-artist-and-collective-intelligence/   http://juandomingofarnos.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/change11-social-artist-and-collective%C2%A0intelligence/   http://heli.edublogs.org/2011/11/07/884/   http://silenceandvoice.com/2011/11/04/i-am-a-nancy-white-groupie/   http://silenceandvoice.com/2011/11/06/glass-gandhi-ows-and-social-artistry/   (added Nov 10) http://www.scoop.it/t/digital-delights/p/628320308/change11-mooc-session-october-31   http://suifaijohnmak.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/change11-change-happiness-and-social-artistry/   http://suifaijohnmak.wordpress.com/2011/11/05/change11-patterns-fractals-and-conversation/   (should I have talked about network weavers? See http://www.bethkanter.org/network-mindset/  ) Finding social artists everywhere   http://virtuallyfoolproof.com/?p=686   http://coachcarole.wordpress.com/2011/11/05/change11-listening-to-nancy-socialartist/   The Queen Has No Clothes   http://edtech-insights.blogspot.com/2011/11/social-artist-doubts-process-and-feel.html      but see also  http://edtech-insights.blogspot.com/2011/10/have-processstructure-but-dont-kill.html   “We will try a Technology for Learning Forum (T4L-Forum) to develop the pedagogy necessary, working with enthusiasts, wannabes and even perhaps skeptics, but always asking “where is the learning in this”.” http://serenaturri.wordpress.com/2011/11/06/change11-triangolare-tessere-e-connettere-il-nostro-apprendimento/#comments   (Added Nov9) https://connectiv.wordpress.com/2011/11/01/change11-socialartist-why-small-things-matter/#comments   (added Nov 9) http://gbl55.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/change11-how-now-sweet-cow-the-social-artist-who-disrupted-my-mooc-learning/   (added Nov 10 and wonderfully funny and spot on!) http://asaginu.com/blog/social-artistry-culture/   (added Nov 10) https://jennymackness.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/the-power-of-passion-for-change  /  (added Nov 10) https://jennymackness.wordpress.com/2011/11/05/social-artistry%e2%80%a6-a-new-idea  / (added Nov 10) https://connectiv.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/cause-function-intention-change11-accident-coincidence-interpretation/   (added nov 10) Image Credit: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150473672076145&set=a.64231186144.83513.709226144&type=1&theater
• #79: http://www.flickr.com/photos/newzgirl/3175562284/ http://socialreporter.com/?p=474
• #80: http://socialreporter.com/?p=474 http://www.jeanhouston.org/Social-Artistry/social-artistry.html
• #81: http://community-roundtable.com/2010/01/the-value-of-community-management/ http://tomhumbarger.wordpress.com/2009/01/13/the-importance-of-active-community-management-proved-with-real-data/ I came across this blog post and it really caught my eye: Tom wrote: “ I think most community experts would agree that active community management and ongoing strategy are vital to a community’s health.  However, I don’t know if anyone has been able to fully quantify the impact using  actual  community metrics. Until now – when I decided to analyze some of the 2008 data for my former community during the period of active management and the period of passive management. I was the community manager for a professional community from January 2007 through July 2008.  During that time, the community grew from zero to 4,000 members.  We were rigorous with the tracking of metrics and updated community analytics weekly through a combination of our platform reports and Google Analytics.  I was laid off in July due to financial hardship of the community sponsor, but the community doors have remained open albeit with no community management or minimal upkeep. During the time of my involvement, active community management and consisted of: delivery of bi-weekly email update newsletters production of monthly webcasts active blog posting and blogger outreach uploading of fresh content each week continual promotion of the community in various forums through guerilla marketing ongoing brainstorming and strategizing with respect to improving the community experience priming of discussion forums, and ongoing communications with individual community members It’s interesting to discover that a neglected community will indeed continue to function without a dedicated community manager.  However, the results are lackluster and the picture are not ‘pretty’. For example, this is a screen shot from Google Analytics graphing the number of weekly visits to the community from 1/1/2008 through 12/31/08: Google Analytics - 1/1/2008 to 12/31/2008 Additional details from the metrics include: Membership growth slows significantly  – Community membership grew 62% from January to July at a average clip of 55 new members per week.  From July to December, the membership only grew 13% at an average clip of 20 members per week.  This is a fall-off of more than 63% on a week to week basis. Number of visits drop 60%  - The number of visits from January through July averaged more than 1,300 per week.  For the second half of the year, average visits dropped nearly 60% to an average of 522 per week. Number of pages viewed per visit drops 22%  - Not only did the number of visits drop, the number of pages per visit also decreased by 22% with the average pages per visit going from 3.76 to 2.95. Time on site decreases by 33%  – Driven by the fewer page views, the time on site in minutes during active management was 3:38 vs. 2:37 after July which is a 1:19 or 33% decrease. Fresh activity on the site since August has been pretty nonexistant as well – just 10 new blog posts, 4 new file uploads, and less than 25 discussion forum questions or comments have been posted.  For some interesting reason, the activity on the related LinkedIn group has picked up and included 15 new discussions in just the last week.  This definitely is worth taking a deeper look in a separate blog post. So what does this mean?  Clearly, the analysis proves that active management contributes significantly  to the health of a professional community.  And that it is ultimately important to the success of a community.”
• #82: Look at Tom’s analysis. If your manager doesn’t see the value of facilitation, share these statistics!
• #83: http://www.hsdinstitute.org/learn-more/read-the-latest/attractors.html There are a variety of facilitation and community management models. Here is one of those simple set of useful “rules of thumb” or heuristics that are tried and true.
• #84: The Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN has developed this set of approaches for working with their thematic knowledge networks.
• #85: The Community Roundtable offers these: Community management is, at a fundamental level, a job for generalists who can orchestrate the right resources, skills, tone, and talent that establishes the environment in which community will take hold. Relevant and fun.
• #86: … and some sample tasks.
• #87: When we think about what engages people, having a small, meaningful conversation with someone who shares a mutual interest can be the trigger to then engage in the wider community. (Many of us arent’ comfortable jumping right into the bigger group.) There is a simple practice called “closing triangles” which is about identify two people who might have something in common and introducing them. There are three levels to closing triangles. The first is to simply introduce them on the website or via email and then leave it at that. If they want to follow up, they will. Typically this only works for the already motivated. The second is to set up a conversation – Skype, phone, face to face and then people at least are assured of an initial conversation. This is pretty powerful. The third level is to set up a shared activity – hopefully valuable and related to your community. This not only sets up the introduction, but gives people the chance to really get to know each other and hopefully build some trust by working together. For example, you might invite them to help plan a community activity together. This is just one example of simple but powerful facilitation activities that can help deepen member engagement. Hat tip for this: June Holley See the work of June Holley http://www.networkweaver.blogspot.com/
• #88: Interestingly we never got around to talking about evaluation in any of the workshops. What does that tell us? ;-)
• #90: How do you know when things are going well? What are your quantitative and qualitative measures? How do you engage learners in the evaluation? How much do they “own” it? Compared to meeting administrative requirements?
• #91: Westarted with the three legs of the stool from a design and deployment perspectives. But they can be useful for evaluation as well. The key here is to start thinking about this from the start – not wait until you are a year in and they ask, “how are we doing?” It helps to have a framework and a language as we design, execute and evaluate our communities.
• #92: Here are some examples of WHAT we measure, and HOW we measure them. Notice there is a blend of both quantitative and qualitative measures. There are also some particular community evaluation rubrics you can consider. Let’s look at a few of these.
• #93: A company that makes teamwork tools has built little smiley faces into all elements of their software and report that it helps them have a better idea of how their distributed team mates are doing. This is often called “social gesture.” Think about the “like” button on Facebook or the +1 on Google.
• #94: This model from Tamar Weinberg focuses on return on investment and comes from a perspective of using a broad range of social media.
• #95: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cambodia4kidsorg/2296887265/ Beth Kanter built on Forester Researcher’s “Ladder of Engagement” to look at how participants in her community deepened their engagement and used this as an evaluation rubric.
• #96: Beth also reminds us of SMART objectives (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-based objectives) and then thought of them in an iterative fashion as a way to get an ongoing pulse of a community and use that to implement real time responses and facilitation. (See also the CDCs Communities of Practice Evaluation Kit http://www.cdc.gov/phcommunities/resourcekit/evaluate/smart_objectives.html )
• #97: http://www.flickr.com/photos/seenoevil/343753843/ If you are using a lot of social media, there are “dashboard” tools that help you see the pulse of activity across different media and how they relate to each other. This is particularly helpful for broad, networked initiatives.
• #98: Recently, Etienne Wenger, Bev Trayner and Maarten deLaat wrote a terrific paper on measuring value creation in communities and networks. They talk about various levels of value that accrue over time. At the end of their paper, they have a toolkit for doing story telling or narrative processes to measure across these levels qualitatively.
• #99: Here are a few items from each level to give you a sense of the meaning of the five levels.
• #100: At all of the workshops I mentioned how immersing myself a bit in improvisational practices has helped me. Australian educators have a fantastic opportunity to dive into the application of improv in work at the 2012 Applied Improv Down Under event. See http://aindownunder2012.wordpress.com/ http://appliedimprov.ning.com/group/aindownunder2012 See also this article http://chiefexecutive.net/improvisation-may-be-the-key-to-successfully-managing-change-says-mit pointed out by Viv McWaters http://vivmcwaters.com.au/blog/ (a great AU resource, by the way!)
• #101: So we need to put it all together. Infrastructure, support, community and measurement. It’s a big job. But even bigger is the need for us to find ways to work, learn and be together over time and distance to make a real and lasting impact in development. So it’s worth it!
• #102: https://onlinefacilitation.wikispaces.com/2011+Australia+Online+Facilitation+Workshops Links to all the things I mentioned in my conVerge11 keynote, plus a place for lots of other links that emerged over our three weeks together in Australia! You can tell, my annotation energy is waning, so I’ll stop. Now! Happy Holidays! December 16, 2011
• #103: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eleaf/2536358399/sizes/m/in/photostream/