Factor that are because of urbanization
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The document discusses the factors influencing urbanization, including population growth, rural-urban migration, and the associated challenges such as pollution, resource scarcity, and housing conditions. It highlights the need for integrated land and water use planning to ensure urban sustainability and addresses the social issues arising from urbanization, like crime and inadequate infrastructure. Specific policy responses and tools are suggested to manage urbanization effectively at regional and national levels.
Factor that are because of urbanization
- 1. Factors affecting urbanization process and how urbanization can be controlled
- 2. Urbanization, the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities. Natural increase of urbanization can occur if the natural population growth in the cities is higher than in the rural areas.
- 4. Workers Industrial moved Agricultural revolution commercial jobs less hubs
- 5. A country is considered to urbanize when over 50 per cent of its population live in the urban areas (Long 1998). An urban area is spatial concentration of people who are working in non-agricultural activities.
- 6. Growing center for modern Financial production and industry services Internal commerce Education and and foreign trade govt.
- 7. Rural area Urban area Education High level of Health education Safe drinking water Better facilities of Electricity health Fresh Food Drinking water Entertainment Electricity Jobs Food Low income people. Entertainment Jobs opportunity High level of income
- 8. (HABITAT 1996, Bilsborrow 1998).
- 9. Rural urban migration Population growth Natural growth of urban pop reclassification
- 10. Water Air noise pollution Environmental pollution
- 11. food traffic Solid waste
- 12. Housing and unempoyment health homelessness
- 13. poverty crime unemployment
- 14. political attention. One problem is to integrate land- and water use planning to provide food and water security (UNEP 1999).
- 15. 90 million babies are born each year At this rate, by the year 2050, global population will reach 10 billion.
- 16. • Rapid population growth not only lessens available calorie supply from food per Growing demand for person but also risks the present food food and production with pollution. facilities • Agricultural food Problem to food • Industrial food production
- 17. acid co precipitation acidity of Lead waters photochemical pollutants
- 18. Pollution due to burning of fuel Traffic Traffic Respiratory jam diseases
- 19. Local water bodies are used as a lack of sanitation and dumping ground for sewage treatment untreated water from urban areas.
- 21. Solid waste management means proper collection, transfer, recycling and disposal of solid wastes. The people end up to the illegal dump on streets, open spaces, wastelands, drains or rivers. Sometimes they are collected to the land sites but the protection of water bodies and groundwater is not active (HABITAT 1996, Ogu 2000).
- 22. . Industrial operation Highway Sources of noise Air traffic crafts Construction activities
- 23. water is not geographically equally divided and seasonal changes are extensive. In Africa, 14 countries already experience water stress or water shortage. Another 11 countries will join that list in the next 25 years (Somlyódy et al. 2001, Postel 1992). 20% of the world’s pop fall short to safe water
- 24. • Environment-related diseases or accidents remain Environmental among the major causes of problems illness, injury, and premature death. link between • Poor environment, housing environment and living conditions are the main reasons to the and health is diseases and poor health evident.
- 25. Atleast once every five years, more than a half of the world’s population living in the cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants are victims of a crime of some kind. urban violence Only in Asia this is estimated to proportion is under grow 3 to 5 50 percent. percent every year
- 26. . The houses are often small and overcrowded and 33 to 67 per also lack facilities cent of the like; piped water population lives supplies, the in housing units removal of excreta that are in poor and solid wastes, condition. drainage and roads.
- 27. Informal sector driving motorbike taxis, selling low-cost meals, driving tuc-tucs (open taxis) or collecting garbage.
- 28. misemployment It means that a person might be full-time employed, but the task performed promotes little to social welfare.
- 29. Lack of jobs Inflation Unskilled population unemployme Over nt population
- 30. Waste Recycling - Environmental New Challenges of Implication Sustainability Policy Responses and Tools to Poverty manage Urbanization
- 31. Regional / Urban National planning to planning to guide control urbanization to urbanization to manageable levels manageable situation Tool to manage Intra-urban Participation, management to cope Partnership and with urbanization Governance problems
- 32. •Socialism •People were not allowed Socialist to permanently move from model the place of birth to urban area. •This method was not to South African control the migration of model single people but decrease migration with families