Faizan aslam
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This document discusses different breeding programs and methods for improving poultry performance. It describes pure breeding, inbreeding, outbreeding, crossbreeding, and grading up. The key goals of poultry breeding programs are to improve traits like weight gain, egg production, disease resistance, and feed conversion ratio. Methods like crossbreeding hybrid chickens can result in offspring with hybrid vigor/heterosis exhibiting superior traits to their parents. The Local Small Breed (LSB) of chicken in Pakistan was developed using various crosses and selection to produce 150 eggs/year and gain 1.4kg by 12 weeks.
Faizan aslam
- 2. Assignment topic. Different breeding programs for improving the performance of poultry. Submitted to. Dr Zia ur Rahman. Submitted by. Faizan Aslam Roll no#34 Regd no#2009-ag-2095
- 3. What is breeding. The mating and production of offspring by animals.It is a natural process. • What is breeding program.? • A breeding program is the planned breeding of a group of animals or plants, usually involving at least several individuals and extending over several generations. There are a couple of breeding methods, such as artificial (which is man made) and natural (it occurs on its own, which is very rare)
- 4. Why we develop a breeding programm for poultry? • To improve the performance of poultry • To improve the performance of desi breeds • For the better fcr,weight gain, disease resistance birds • To improve egg production • For research purpose • To conserve local breeds
- 5. Method of breeding. • Pure breeding • Inbreeding • Out breeding
- 6. Pure breeding. • Cross b/w registered male and female animals • Essentially some pure breeds have been around for centuries, or even have royal connections. • Cross bw Locally males and females birds. • Aseel X Aseel • Development of village chicken and ducks through pure breeding and selection.
- 7. Advantages of pure breeding • Lots of choice in sizes and plumage • More personality • Can go broody • Lay for more seasons than a hybrid chicken • Conservation value • Will breed pure
- 8. Disadvantages of pure breeding • Need far more research -as the wrong choice can be a disaster!! • Can go broody • Can be expensive. • Some breeds difficult to source • More risk of getting a cockerel by mistake
- 9. Inbreeding. • Mating of close related individuals. • It increase homozygosity (AA). • Inbreeding can be divided into following • 1)Close breeding • 2)Line breeding • The effect of both close breeding and line breeding is similar
- 10. Close breeding • Father x Daughter • Mother x son • Brother x sister • These are called close breeding
- 11. Advantage • Undesirable genes may be discovered • Uniformity in flock Disadvantages Breeding problems and reproductive failure Progeny more susceptible of disease Chance of mutation
- 12. Line breeding • Line breeding – Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding – Cousin X Cousin Advantage • Increased uniformity • the dangers involved in close breeding can be reduced • Disadvantages • Selection problem some time farmer select those birds which are not close relatives
- 13. Out breeding • Breeding of unrelated animals it consist of • Out breeding consist of • 1) Out-crossing • 2) Cross breeding • 3) Species hybridization • 4) Grading up
- 14. Out crossing • It consist of mating of pure bred animals within the same breed • Consist of no common ancestors Advantages • This method is highly effective for characters that are largely under the control of additive effect e.g. growth rate • It is the best method for most breeders • Effective system for genetic improvement
- 15. Cross breeding • Mating of different breeds • It is generally used where the crossed progeny is directly marketed • It is practiced highly in hybrid chicken • It is generally used for the production of new breed • Method of cross breeding • 1)criss-crossing • 2)triple-crossing • 3)back-crossing
- 16. Criss crossing • When two breeds cross alternatively • A 50% • B50% A75% B25% A 37.5 A68.5 B62.5 B 31.5
- 17. Triple-crossing • In this system three breeds cross alternatively • The females used in this types on a single sire
- 18. • AxB • ABxC • ABCxA • A2 BCxB • A2 B2 C x C • • A2 B2 C2
- 19. Back-crossing • It is commonly used in genetic study • Mating of a cross bred bird back to one of the pure parent races which were to produce it • TT x tt Tt Tt x TT TT TT Tt Tt
- 20. Advantages of cross-breeding • Introducing desirable characters into a breeds • Extremely handy tool to study the behavior of characters in heredity transmission • High in growth • Better for new breed development • Disadvantages • Breeding merit slightly reduced because heterozygous nature of their genetic composition • It requires maintenance of two or more pure breeds
- 21. Hetrosis hybridization • By crossing two different species sometimes we get good virile individual • The mules is a good example of this type of breeding
- 22. Hetrosis or Hybrid vigour • Phenomenon in which the crosses of unrelated individuals often result in progeny with increased vigour much above their parents • The progeny may be from the crossing of strains ,breeds ,verities or species • E.g. WLH x DESI
- 23. Grading up • Grading-Up –Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or corssbred females (dams) –Continuous used of pure bred sires for only a few generation the changes occur –Grading process does not create anything new but it may transfer the good quality of an improved breed –Hybrid Vigor • Superior traits from crossbreeding • Offspring are better than parents
- 24. • Offspring • % replaced % non-descript 1st generation 50 50 2nd generation 75 25 3rd generation 87.5 12.5 4th generation 93.5 6.25 5th generation 96.87 3.13 6th generation 98.44 1.56 7th generation 99.22 .78
- 25. Advantages • pure bred can be obtain after a few generations. It helps to improve the potentialities of the sire and add to its market value • little cost Disadvantages. • Pure breeds are not always better • Not environmentally good
- 26. Breeding plan of LSB • LSB was evolved in 1965-66 in the department of poultry husbandry university of agriculture Faisalabad • This breed produce 150 eggs per year • Gain 1.4kg weight in12weeks of age
- 27. • Desi X WLH White cornish X Newhempshire • (male) ( female) (male) (female) • Male Female • LSB