Feed resources of farm animal
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The document discusses the significance of livestock in small-scale farming, emphasizing their roles in providing traction, manure, and food while highlighting the prevalent issue of inadequate livestock nutrition in developing countries. It classifies animal feed into roughages and concentrates, detailing their types and nutritional content, and introduces alternative feed sources due to rising costs and land restrictions. The conclusion underscores the need for proper feeding to ensure livestock health and industry success.
Feed resources of farm animal
- 1. Feed resources of farm animal T.W.G.F.A. Nijamdeen Reg No: 612260302
- 2. Introduction • Livestock play an important role in most small-scale farming systems throughout the world. • They provide traction to cultivate fields, manure to maintain crop productivity, and nutritious food products for human consumption and income-generation. • Despite the importance of livestock, inadequate livestock nutrition is a common problem in the developing world, and a major factor affecting the development of viable livestock industries in poor countries. • Thus the feed resources plays a major role in farm animals.
- 3. Classification of feedstuff • Live stock feeds are generally classified according to the amount of a specific nutrient they furnish in the ration. • They are divided into two main classes. - Roughages - Concentrates • Other classes are mineral supplement, vitamin supplement and non nutritive feed additives
- 4. Animal Feed stuff Concentrates Roughages Mineral suppleme nts Vitamin supplements Non nutritive feed additives succulant Dry rougha ges Energy Protein Plant origin Animal origin
- 5. Roughages • Roughages are bulky feeds containing relatively large amount of less digestible material • Two major types – Succulent 60%-70% – Dry roughages 10%-15% Based upon the moisture content
- 6. Succulent Roughages • Pasture • Cultivated fodder crops Leguminous fodder Non leguminous fodder • Tree leaves • Root crops • Silage
- 7. Dry roughages • Hay method of conserving green crops is that of hay making. Thus a green crop in a mature state is preserved for a long time. • Straw They are poor in protein and have the largest percentage of crude fibre. They are comparatively poor in P,Ca and trace elements. But they are rich in silica
- 8. concentrates • A concentrate is usually described as feed mixture, which supplies primary nutrients. • Two major types Energy rich concentrates Rich in energy or protein Protein rich concentrates
- 9. Energy rich concentrates • Grain and seeds Eg: rice ,wheat They are rich in energy as well as starch and are low in fibre. The are deficient in Ca,Na,Cl But they form a good source of Vitamin B and E • Mill by-products
- 10. Protein rich concentrates Feeds of plant origin Eg: oil seed meals,oil seeds,Brewer’s grains,yeast and oil cakes They are protein rich,highly palatable, easily digested and are generally used to balance rations of farm stock in respect to protein.
- 11. • Feed of animal origin Eg: Milk,Blood meal,Bone meal,Fish meal,Dried skim milk,Dried whey.
- 12. Mineral supplement • It may be natural or artificial mineral suppliment Eg:Ca - lime stone, Dicalcium phosphate Na – Salt Vitamin supplement • It may be natural or artificial Non-nutritive feed additives • They are used to improve the palatability,to preserve feeds and to prevent certain diseases. Eg: Antibiotics,hormones,pigments,enzymes ect. Water • Importance for the sustainability of any living being
- 13. Alternative feeds for farm animals • Due to increase in population and restriction in land use and increasing prices of animal feeds,it is not possible to always depend on the conventional feeds such as grass,corn,fish meal ect. • In order to have a regular supply of low cost feeds for livestock there is a need of an alternative feed stuffs.
- 14. • The main sources of alternative feeds are Crop residues and agro industrial by products. • Crop residues Two major sources are; - paddy straw - Sugar cane by-products a) sugar cane tops b) sugar cane baggase
- 15. • Agro industrial by products Milling industry - oil cakes,Rice bran/rice polish,Molasses canning industry - fruits/vegetables,fish/meat Slaughter house waste - Inedible parts Animal wastes - Bio gas slurry - Poultry manure
- 16. Importance of farm animal feed stuffs • Provide nutrition for farm animal • Prevent diseases for farm animals • Helps in quality production • Economical sustainability
- 17. Conclusion • Livestock play an important role in most farming systems throughout the world. • They provide traction to cultivate fields, manure to maintain crop productivity, and nutritious food products for human consumption and income- generation • Therefore proper feeding of farm animals is more important to gain success in the industry.
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