Fernand Leger was a French painter born in 1881 who was a pioneer of Cubism. He began his career as an architect's draftsman but failed to gain admission to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts art school. He was influential in the development of Cubism through his abstract, geometric paintings and sculptures that featured simplified forms and bold colors. Some of his most famous works include The Bargeman, The City, and La Grande Parade. Leger was obsessed with machines and industrial themes in his work. He taught art in the United States during World War II before returning to France, where he continued working until his death in 1955 at age 74.